Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 2 of 10 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

GreenRich Enriching Greens Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Natural Factors

GreenRich Enriching Greens label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking GreenRich Enriching Greens against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

GreenRich Enriching Greens is a dietary supplement by Natural Factors with 10 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for constipation, diarrhea, high cholesterol.Based on those ingredients, 2,342 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Dietary Fiber, Probiotic Culture. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against GreenRich Enriching Greens by Natural Factors

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with GreenRich Enriching Greens by Natural Factors — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of GreenRich Enriching Greens by Natural Factors

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 6, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 40 active ingredients.
  • “Digestive Enzyme Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (8 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Phosphatide Complex” is a proprietary blend — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “GreenRich Proprietary Formula” is a proprietary blend — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

GreenRich Enriching Greens contains 39 ingredients, including active enzymes and plant extracts plus two inactive ingredients (vegetarian capsule and magnesium stearate, a binder). The active components include digestive enzymes — xanthan gum, amylase, papain, and bromelain — meant to support digestion; a blend of berry and fruit extracts — grape, strawberry, blueberry, cranberry, pomegranate, and bilberry — for antioxidant support; whole-food greens — spirulina, alfalfa, barley grass, barley sprout malt, wheat grass, and chlorella — for nutrient density; and supporting ingredients like sodium alginate, betaine hydrochloride, soy lecithin, and papaya powder.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Constipation — rated "Effective" (Black Psyllium) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Coronary heart disease (CHD) — rated "Likely Effective" (Barley) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Cystic fibrosis — rated "Likely Effective" (Sodium) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Hypercholesterolemia — rated "Likely Effective" (Barley) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Human papillomavirus (HPV) — rated "Likely Effective" (Green Tea) (Natural Medicines).

The evidence for most ingredients in this product is incomplete or mixed. Barley grass and barley sprout malt are rated Likely Effective for high cholesterol and heart disease.

Cranberry is Possibly Effective for urinary tract infections, and pomegranate is Possibly Effective for high blood pressure. Blueberry, bilberry, grape, strawberry, spirulina, and alfalfa show Insufficient Reliable Evidence to rate their effectiveness for most claimed uses.

Papain, bromelain, betaine hydrochloride, and several other components lack established effectiveness ratings in our data. We hold no effectiveness data for xanthan gum's use as a supplement, amylase, raspberry, wheat grass, or phosphatide complex.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Black Psyllium Lactobacillus Acidophilus

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 32 of the 33 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 32 of 33.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 33 of 33.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Most ingredients in this product are generally well tolerated in food amounts. However, several carry cautions or avoid ratings in supplement doses.

Xanthan gum can cause gas and bloating; papain carries a Possibly Unsafe rating in pregnancy due to safety concerns with concentrated forms and unripe papaya, and should be avoided while breastfeeding. Betaine hydrochloride is not safe for people with ulcers or acid reflux and is rated Possibly Unsafe in pregnancy and Unsafe while breastfeeding.

Bromelain, blueberry extract, grape supplement, strawberry concentrate, cranberry supplement, pomegranate extract, bilberry, papaya powder, spirulina, and chlorella all lack sufficient safety data for pregnancy and are best avoided in supplement amounts without medical approval. Alfalfa is rated Possibly Unsafe in pregnancy due to its estrogen-like activity.

Barley contains gluten and may cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Black Psyllium Lactobacillus Acidophilus

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 29 of the 33 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Alfalfa, Papain, Black Psyllium, Milk Thistle, Bilberry, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; seizure medications; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 2,343 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check before taking if you use blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel) — alfalfa, papain, cranberry, grape, strawberry, bromelain, bilberry, spirulina, and chlorella may increase bleeding risk or interfere with anticoagulation. Blood pressure medications may be less effective with sodium alginate in the product.

Lithium levels can shift with sodium alginate. Thyroid medication (levothyroxine) may be reduced by papaya powder.

Blood sugar medications could be affected by several ingredients — alfalfa, antidiabetes drugs, papaya powder, blueberry, bilberry, and spirulina. Steroid hormones and oral contraceptives may interact with sodium alginate and alfalfa.

Stomach acid medications (H2-blockers, antacids, PPIs) may be opposed by betaine hydrochloride. No interactions are documented for the ingredients we could not check.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you take blood thinners, steroids, blood pressure medications, lithium, thyroid medication, or diabetes drugs, check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product — the interactions are real and potentially serious. Even without prescriptions, the safety data on concentrated doses of many of these plant extracts during pregnancy or breastfeeding is limited, so talk that over with your healthcare provider before using it.

For most people not on medications and not pregnant or nursing, the product's individual ingredients are generally well tolerated, though digestive side effects like gas, bloating, or diarrhea can occur.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 36 of 40 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 1, 2012.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about GreenRich Enriching Greens, straight from the product label.

Brand Natural Factors
Barcode (UPC) 068958029146
Net contents 90 Vegetarian Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 1, 2012
DSLD ID 8967
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for GreenRich Enriching Greens by Natural Factors, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
4 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
4 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
37
UPC/BARCODE
068958029146
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories20 {Calories}--
Total Carbohydrates3 g1%
Dietary Fiber1 g4%
Protein1 g--
Xanthan Gum0 NP--
Amylase0 NP--
Papain0 NP--
Sodium Alginate0 NP--
Betaine Hydrochloride0 NP--
Bromelain0 NP--
Grape0 NP--
Strawberry0 NP--
Blueberry0 NP--
Cranberry0 NP--
Pomegranate0 NP--
Raspberry0 NP--
Digestive Enzyme Blend8 mg--
Bilberry0 NP--
Papaya powder0 NP--
Soy Lecithin400 mg--
Phosphatide Complex0 NP--
GreenRich Proprietary Formula0 NP--
Whole Food Greens Blend1166 mg--
Spirulina Pacifica0 NP--
organic Alfalfa0 NP--
organic Barley Grass0 NP--
Barley Sprout Malt0 NP--
organic Wheat Grass0 NP--
Chlorella0 NP--
Whole Food Fruit Blend816 mg--
BlueRich Blueberry powdered extract0 NP--
BerryRich Proprietary Blend0 NP--
Black Currant0 NP--
Pineapple0 NP--
Mango0 NP--
Whole Food Vegetable Blend83 mg--
organic Carrot0 NP--
Artichoke0 NP--
Beet0 NP--
Tomato0 NP--
Broccoli0 NP--
Celery0 NP--
Standardized Herbal Extract33 mg--
Green Tea0 NP--
Grape0 NP--
Eleuthero0 NP--
Milk Thistle0 NP--
Ginkgo0 NP--
PGX Proprietary Blend0 NP--
Konjac0 NP--
Probiotic Culture160000000 CFU--
Dandelion0 NP--
PGX Novel Polysaccharide133 mg--

Other ingredients: Vegetarian Capsule, Magnesium Stearate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Usage: 4 capsules 3 times per day or as directed by a health professional.

Precautions

Keep out of reach of children.

Sealed for your protection. Do not use if seal is broken.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Enriching Greens is a super concentrated whole foods formula containing micro-nutrient dense spirulina and BerryRich high antioxidant fruit concentrate. With over 40 health-promoting ingredients, each serving provides an antioxidant activity equivalent to 2-3 servings of fruits and vegetables. Supplementing your daily intake of fresh fruits and vegetables with Enriching Greens can help promote alkaline balance and good health.*

PGX, PolyGlycopleX, BlueRich, BerryRich, GreenRich are trademarks of InovoBiologic Inc.

General Statements

All Natural Factors products are manufactured in accordance with the Government of Canada's Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), among the highest standards in the world.

PRODUCT OF CANADA

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY EQUIVALENT TO 2-3 SERVINGS OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES*

SUPERFOOD CONCENTRATE

Formulation

Contains no artificial color, sweeteners; no yeast.

Storage

For freshness, store in a cool dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

*This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Seals/Symbols

(recycle) Recyclable container.

Purity & Potency Guaranteed

FDA Statement of Identity

DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

General

R1

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

GreenRich Enriching Greens by Natural Factors label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

GreenRich Enriching Greens label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in GreenRich Enriching Greens by Natural Factors

These are the 10 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size4 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container37 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Dietary Fiber

Interacts with
2,025 drugs
1 g per serving

Black psyllium is a soluble-fiber supplement made from the seeds of a Plantago plant, used mostly to ease constipation and support digestive health. I...

Dietary Fiber monograph & interactions

Protein

1 g per serving

GreenRich Proprietary Formula

0 NP per serving
  • › Digestive Enzyme Blend
  • › Phosphatide Complex
  • › Whole Food Greens Blend
  • › Whole Food Fruit Blend
  • › Whole Food Vegetable Blend
  • › Standardized Herbal Extract
  • › Probiotic Culture
  • › PGX Novel Polysaccharide

Other (inactive) ingredients: Vegetarian Capsule, Magnesium Stearate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

GreenRich Enriching Greens by Natural Factors Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against GreenRich Enriching Greens?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
2,342Drugs
16 Major 2,325 Moderate 1 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Dietary Fiber 2,025
Probiotic Culture 182

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in GreenRich Enriching Greens interact with 2,342 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 10 ingredients in GreenRich Enriching Greens interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Dietary Fiber Probiotic Culture

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in GreenRich Enriching Greens with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Dietary Fiber7 drug types · 2,025 drugs

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Theoretically, black psyllium might reduce the effects of carbamazepine and increase the risk for convulsions.
Theoretically, black psyllium might reduce carbamazepine absorption. A preliminary study using blond psyllium reported decreased carbamazepine bioavailability due to binding of the drug to psyllium, as well as reduction of available fluid in the gut for dissolution of the drug. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as lithium might reduce lithium absorption.
The fiber in black psyllium might reduce lithium absorption and plasma levels. Some case reports describe a reduction in plasma lithium levels with concomitant administration of blond psyllium. This was reversed when psyllium was stopped. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Metformin (Glucophage)

Theoretically, black psyllium might increase the therapeutic and adverse effects of metformin.
Animal research shows that concurrent consumption of blond psyllium with metformin slows and increases the absorption of metformin. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium. To avoid changes in absorption, take psyllium 30-60 minutes after metformin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as olanzapine might reduce olanzapine absorption.
The fiber in black psyllium might decrease the absorption of olanzapine. A single case report describes a reduction in the effectiveness of olanzapine when it was concomitantly administered with an unspecified type of psyllium 3 grams orally twice daily. This effect was reversed when psyllium was stopped.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as digoxin might reduce digoxin absorption and decrease digoxin levels.
Psyllium might bind digoxin in the gut. However, some clinical evidence suggests that psyllium does not impact digoxin absorption.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Ethinyl Estradiol

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as ethinyl estradiol might alter levels of estradiol.
Concurrent use of blond psyllium with ethinyl estradiol results in a slight increase in the extent of ethinyl estradiol absorption and a slower rate of absorption. This is unlikely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Oral Drugs

Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Psyllium seems to have variable effects on drug absorption. To avoid changes in absorption, take psyllium 30-60 minutes after oral medications. Animal research shows that blond psyllium delays and increases the absorption of metformin and ethinyl estradiol. Case reports and animal research suggest that blond psyllium might reduce absorption of lithium, digoxin, olanzapine, and carbamazepine. Finally, some pharmacokinetic studies show that psyllium does not affect the absorption of levothyroxine or warfarin. Although many of these studies evaluated blond psyllium, the fiber content in black psyllium may have similar effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Dietary Fiber full monograph & interactions

Probiotic Culture1 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking Lactobacillus acidophilus with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L. acidophilus.
L. acidophilus preparations usually contain live and active organisms. Therefore, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and L. acidophilus preparations by at least two hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Probiotic Culture full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for GreenRich Enriching Greens, from the product label.

Natural Factors

See all Natural Factors products
Name
Natural Factors Canada
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

GreenRich Enriching Greens by Natural Factors: Common Questions

Does GreenRich Enriching Greens by Natural Factors interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, GreenRich Enriching Greens has a known interaction with 2,342 medications, including 16 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
GreenRich Enriching Greens contains 10 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm on warfarin or another blood thinner?
No — not without talking to your doctor first. Several ingredients, especially alfalfa, papain, cranberry, and grape, interact with blood thinners and may either reduce their effect or increase bleeding risk. Your doctor or pharmacist needs to review your specific situation.
Is this safe to take while pregnant?
There isn't enough reliable safety data to recommend concentrated supplement doses during pregnancy. Papain is rated Possibly Unsafe, and alfalfa is Possibly Unsafe. Most other ingredients lack pregnancy safety data. Talk to your doctor before taking it.
What are the most common side effects?
Digestive upset is most frequent — gas, bloating, diarrhea, and nausea. Xanthan gum commonly causes flatulence and bloating, and freeze-dried blueberry caused GI complaints in 26% of trial participants. Start with a small dose and take it with food to minimize these effects.
Does this product actually improve digestion or energy?
The evidence isn't clear. Bromelain and papain are digestive enzymes, but the data on their effectiveness is insufficient. Spirulina, bilberry, and others show insufficient evidence for most uses. The whole-food greens may provide nutrients, but energy and digestion claims aren't well established in our data.
Why does the product contain sodium alginate if sodium intake should be limited?
Sodium alginate is a thickener and binder used for texture and shelf stability. The amount per capsule is likely small, but if you have high blood pressure, are on blood pressure medications, or take lithium, ask your pharmacist about the sodium content — it can affect how those drugs work.
Is this product safe to take while breastfeeding?
Safety data for concentrated supplement doses while breastfeeding is limited or absent for most ingredients. Papain and bromelain are rated Unsafe or best avoided. Talk to your doctor or lactation specialist before using it.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if GreenRich Enriching Greens is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

GreenRich Enriching Greens label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind GreenRich Enriching Greens’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Black Psyllium

Interacts with 2,025 drugs

Black psyllium is a soluble-fiber supplement made from the seeds of a Plantago plant, used mostly to ease constipation and support digestive health. It is best known and most studied for rel...

Read the full Black Psyllium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lactobacillus Acidophilus

Interacts with 182 drugs

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a 'friendly' bacterium used as a probiotic to support gut and vaginal health. It is generally well tolerated in healthy people, and there is reasonable evidence...

Read the full Lactobacillus Acidophilus monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

GreenRich Enriching Greens's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 909 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Black Psyllium 18 references
  1. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  2. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  3. Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
  4. Etman M. Effect of a bulk forming laxative on the bioavailablility of carbamazepine in man. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1995;21:1901-6.
  5. Perlman BB. Interaction between lithium salts and ispaghula husk. Lancet 1990;335:416.
  6. Vaswani SK, Hamilton RG, Valentine MD, Adkinson NF. Psyllium laxative-induced anaphylaxis, asthma, and rhinitis. Allergy 1996;51:266-8. PubMed
  7. Lantner RR, Espiritu BR, Zumerchik P, Tobin MC. Anaphylaxis following ingestion of a psyllium-containing cereal. JAMA 1990;264:2534-6. DOI
  8. Kaplan MJ. Anaphylactic reaction to "Heartwise." N Engl J Med 1990;323:1072-3. DOI
  9. Nordstrom M, Melander A, Robertsson E, Steen B. Influence of wheat bran and of a bulk-forming ispaghula cathartic on the bioavailability of digoxin in geriatric in-patients. Drug Nutr Interact 1987;5:67-9..
  10. Robinson DS, Benjamin DM, McCormack JJ. Interaction of warfarin and nonsystemic gastrointestinal drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1971;12:491-5. PubMed
  11. Garcia JJ, Fernandez N, Diez MJ, et al. Influence of two dietary fibers in the oral bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of ethinyloestradiol. Contraception 2000;62:253-7. PubMed
  12. Fernandez N, Lopez C, Díez R, et al. Drug interactions with the dietary fiber Plantago ovata husk. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012;8(11):1377-86.
  13. Semen plantaginis in: WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, volume 1. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1999. Available at http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js2200e/. Accessed November 26, 1026.
  14. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 (21CFR 101.17). Food labeling warning, notice, and safe handling statements. Available at www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=20f647d3b74161501f46564b915b4048&mc=true&node=se21.2.101_117&rgn=div8. Accessed December 3, 2
  15. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 (21CFR 201.319). Specific labeling requirements - water-soluble gums, hydrophilic gums, and hydrophilic mucilloids. Available at www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=201.319. Accessed Dece
  16. Diez R, Garcia JJ, Diez MJ, Sierra M, Sahagun AM, Fernandez N. Influence of Plantago ovata husk (dietary fiber) on the bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of metformin in diabetic rabbits. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017 Jun 7;17(1):298. PubMed
  17. Chiu AC, Sherman SI. Effects of pharmacological fiber supplements on levothyroxine absorption. Thyroid. 1998;8(8):667-71. PubMed
  18. Merrick C, Madden CA, Capurso NA. A Case of Blunted Orally Disintegrating Olanzapine Effect Due to Coadministered Psyllium. J Clin Psychiatry 2021;82(2):20cr13633. PubMed

See these in context on the Black Psyllium monograph →

Xanthan Gum 11 references
  1. Sargent EV, Adolph J, Clemmons MK, et al. Evaluation of flu-like symptoms in workers handling xanthan gum powder. Occup Med 1990;32:625-30. PubMed
  2. van der Reijden WA, van der Kwaak, Vissink A, et al. Treatment of xerostomia with polymer-based saliva substitutes in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:57-63.
  3. Osilesi O, Trout DL, Glover EE, et al. Use of xanthan gum in dietary management of diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;42: 597-603. PubMed
  4. Eastwood MA, Brydon WG, Anderson DM. The dietary effects of xanthan gum in man. Food Addit Contam 1987;4:17-26. PubMed
  5. Daly J, Tomlin J, Read NW. The effect of feeding xanthan gum on colonic function in man: correlation with in vitro determinants of bacterial breakdown. Br J Nutr 1993;69: 897-902.
  6. Llamas-Moreno JF, Baiza-Durán LM, Saucedo-Rodríguez LR, Alaníz-De la O JF. Efficacy and safety of chondroitin sulfate/xanthan gum versus polyethylene glycol/propylene glycol/hydroxypropyl guar in patients with dry eye. Clin Ophthalmol 2013;7:995-9. PubMed
  7. Pérez-Balbuena AL, Ochoa-Tabares JC, Belalcazar-Rey S, et al. Efficacy of a fixed combination of 0.09 % xanthan gum/0.1 % chondroitin sulfate preservative free vs polyethylene glycol/propylene glycol in subjects with dry eye disease: a multicenter randomi
  8. Vilardell N, Rofes L, Arreola V, Speyer R, Clavé P. A comparative study between modified starch and xanthan gum thickeners in post-stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia. Dysphagia 2016;31(2):169-79. doi: 10.1007/s00455-015-9672-8. PubMed
  9. Rofes L, Arreola V, Mukherjee R, Swanson J, Clav é P. The effects of a xanthan gum-based thickener on the swallowing function of patients with dysphagia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014;39(10):1169-79. doi: 10.1111/apt.12696. PubMed
  10. Aerts O, Clinck B, Schramme M, Lambert J. Contact allergy caused by Tinosorb M: let us not forget about xanthan gum. Contact Dermatitis 2015;72(2):121-3. doi: 10.1111/cod.12324.
  11. Beneke CE, Viljoen AM, Hamman JH. Polymeric plant-derived excipients in drug delivery. Molecules. 2009;14(7):2602-20. PubMed

See these in context on the Xanthan Gum monograph →

Papain 11 references
  1. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  2. Shaw D, Leon C, Kolev S, Murray V. Traditional remedies and food supplements: a 5-year toxicological study (1991-1995). Drug Saf 1997;17:342-56.
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Betaine Hydrochloride 2 references
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Bromelain 19 references
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Grape 34 references
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Strawberry 18 references
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Blueberry 7 references
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Cranberry 33 references
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Papaya 14 references
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Barley 15 references
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Chlorella 13 references
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Carrot 14 references
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Artichoke 16 references
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Beet 14 references
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Tomato 3 references
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Broccoli 5 references
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Celery 48 references
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See these in context on the Celery monograph →

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See these in context on the Milk Thistle monograph →

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Dandelion 27 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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