Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by CATALO
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula is a dietary supplement by CATALO with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 1,570 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Joint Support IFR Formula, Sodium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula by CATALO
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula by CATALO — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
Ask the Pharmacist
A licensed pharmacist will answer your question by email — free, usually within 24 hours.
Got it — thank you!
A licensed pharmacist will answer within 24 hours. Keep an eye on your email (worth checking spam, just in case).
HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula by CATALO
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula contains 4 active ingredients. Sodium is included as a mineral component.
Meriva Turmeric Phytosome is a formulation of turmeric designed for absorption. ApresFlex and Casperome Boswellia Phytosome are two standardized extracts of boswellia, also called frankincense resin, chosen for joint support.
The product also contains inactive ingredients (rice concentrate, plant polysaccharides, and magnesium stearate) that serve as fillers and capsule material.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
For turmeric, the data shows possibly effective evidence for depression, high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia), hay fever (allergic rhinitis), and indigestion (dyspepsia). For boswellia (the active ingredient in both ApresFlex and Casperome), the data shows possibly effective evidence for osteoarthritis.
Sodium's effectiveness is rated likely effective for cystic fibrosis and possibly effective for kidney damage from the antibiotic amphotericin B, though these uses fall outside typical joint support. The joint support blend itself (Joint Support IFR Formula) lacks established effectiveness ratings in our data.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Turmeric is generally well tolerated in food amounts and as a supplement in the short term, though concentrated doses may cause constipation, diarrhea, nausea, heartburn, or—rarely—liver damage with prolonged use (70+ reported cases, most resolved after stopping). Boswellia is generally well tolerated orally in the short term; common side effects include abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, and nausea.
Sodium is essential in small amounts but excess intake is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain; normal dietary amounts are fine, but avoid sodium supplements or very high intake without medical advice. Regarding pregnancy, turmeric is likely safe during pregnancy and lactation, while boswellia lacks enough safety data—it is best avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Sodium in pregnancy is rated both likely safe and possibly unsafe in our data, so speak with your doctor or pharmacist about your individual pregnancy plans.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Check before taking this product if you use blood pressure medicines (antihypertensives), lithium, cancer or chemotherapy drugs, immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, tramadol, sulfasalazine, methotrexate, tamoxifen, or any drug broken down by liver enzymes including CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, or CYP1A2 substrates. Discuss your full medication list with your doctor or pharmacist to confirm it's safe to combine.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula combines three substances with joint and inflammation benefits (turmeric and boswellia are possibly effective for osteoarthritis) but carries moderate medication interactions across a very large number of prescriptions. If you take blood pressure medicines, lithium, cancer drugs, immunosuppressants, or drugs broken down by your liver, you'll need to check your exact medications with your doctor or pharmacist before starting.
Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should discuss this product with their healthcare provider first.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 22, 2024.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula, straight from the product label.
| Brand | CATALO |
|---|---|
| Net contents | 60 Vegetarian Capsule(s); 37.9 Gram(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Feb 22, 2024 |
| DSLD ID | 303063 |
| Product type | Botanical With Nutrients |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula by CATALO, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Sugar | 0 Gram(s) | -- |
| Sodium | 1 mg | -- |
| Carbohydrates | 0.6 Gram(s) | -- |
| Energy | 4 Kcal | -- |
| Total Fat | 0.2 Gram(s) | -- |
| Saturated Fat | 0.1 Gram(s) | -- |
| Trans Fat | 0 Gram(s) | -- |
| Protein | 0 Gram(s) | -- |
| Joint Support IFR Formula | 790 mg | -- |
| Meriva Turmeric Phytosome | 0 NP | -- |
| ApresFlex | 0 NP | -- |
| Casperome Boswellia Phytosome | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: Rice Concentrate, Plant Polysaccharides, Magnesium Stearate
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation
Support healthy inflammatory response Clinically Proven Effective Sourced from Nature
Main functions: Speedy relieve joint pain Promote joint comfort and mobility and reduce stiffness Target mediators of neck and shoulder, back, wrists, elbows, knees, ankles etc. to alleviate joint discomforts
This product is made from natural sources and may have color variation. This is a normal phenomenon and does not affect product quality. Made in USA
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Formula
CATALO Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula contains Meriva Curcumin-Phosphatidylcholine Complex, with Phytosome a patented technology to achieve higher bioavailability and 29-fold higher absorption rate. It is clinically proven to effectively relieve joint pain and promote mobility. AspresFlex and Casperome Boswellia Serrata Gum Resin Extract are specially added to provide synergistic effect on targeting mediators of comfort and flexibility, which is clinically proven to be effective as fast as within 5-7days. CATALO Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula provides an excellent soothing effect on joint pain, stiffness and mobility, with natural premium ingredients. 1 Belcaro, G., ct al. (2010). Altern Med Rev, 15(4), 337-44 (Refer to Meriva Turmeric Phytosome) 2 Cuoma J., et al. (2006) J Nat Prod. 74,664-669 3 Vishal A.A., Mishra A & Raychaudhuri S.P. (2001) Int. J. Med. Sci. 8(7), 615-622
Suitable for: Severely degenerated joints, frequent recurrence of inflexible joints and joint pain, injured joint, joint stiffness and strain, discomfort during weather change
Phytosome More Bioavailable Meriva
Brand IP Statement(s)
Phytosome More Bioavailable is a trademark of Indena S.p.A. Patent No.: US 4,963,527; US 6,297,218 Meriva and Casperome are trademarks of Indena S.p.A AspresFlex is a registered trademark of PL Thomas - Laila Nutra LLC FlexiJoint is a trademark of CATALO Group
General Statements
Scan and Discover More About This Product!
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Serving directions For adult, for normal usage, take 2 capsules daily after meal. For intense use, take 2 capsules twice daily after meal. Take with 250ml of water.
Storage
Storage Keep in a dry and cool place. Avoid direct sunlight.
Seals/Symbols
Certified Good Manufacturing Practices cGMP
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula by CATALO label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula by CATALO
These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Sodium
Interacts with205 drugs
Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...
Sodium monograph & interactionsCarbohydrates
- › Sugar
Energy
Protein
Joint Support IFR Formula
Interacts with1,136 drugs
Cannabis contains many active compounds, mainly THC (which causes a 'high') and CBD (which does not). Some uses, such as chemotherapy-related nausea,...
Joint Support IFR Formula monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Rice Concentrate, Plant Polysaccharides, Magnesium Stearate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula by CATALO Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
CATALO's Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula contains sodium, turmeric (as Meriva), and two boswellia extracts (ApresFlex and Casperome), all of which interact with medications.
Sodium is the source of the most serious interactions—it can reduce the effectiveness of blood pressure medications (antihypertensives) and alter lithium levels, both Moderate severity concerns. The turmeric and boswellia ingredients add moderate interactions with chemotherapy drugs, immunosuppressants, and several enzyme-metabolized medications.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Sodium poses a Moderate risk with blood pressure drugs, corticosteroids, lithium, HIV medications like didanosine, other sodium-containing drugs, and two specialized medications (tolvaptan for low sodium and sodium phosphates for bowel prep). Turmeric interacts Moderately with chemotherapy agents (topoisomerase inhibitors and antitumor antibiotics), the immunosuppressant tacrolimus, the cancer drug tamoxifen, the antibiotic sulfasalazine, the arthritis drug methotrexate, the pain reliever tramadol, and drugs cleared by a kidney transporter called OATP.
Both boswellia extracts (ApresFlex and Casperome) share the same moderate interactions: they may increase levels of drugs broken down by liver enzymes (CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 substrates), and they may theoretically alter the effects of immunosuppressants. These enzyme interactions can affect dozens of common medications—everything from certain antidepressants to blood thinners to beta-blockers.
Additionally, we could not check the Joint Support IFR Formula component because it is a proprietary blend. Altogether, these interactions span 1,401 individual medications.
Use the medication checker on this page to search your exact prescriptions before starting this product.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula interact with 1,570 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
2 of the 5 ingredients in Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Joint Support IFR Formula Sodium
WarfarinWarfarin
How Warfarin interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Support Ifr FormulaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2c19 (cyp2c19) Substrates +3 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis may increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Warfarin interactionMeriva Turmeric PhytosomeAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Warfarin (coumadin) +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Warfarin interactionCasperome Boswellia PhytosomeCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2c19 (cyp2c19) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
Read the full Casperome Boswellia Phytosome + Warfarin interactionWarfarin SodiumCoumadin, Panwarfin, Sofarin
How Warfarin Sodium interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Support Ifr FormulaWarfarin (coumadin), Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs +3 Major
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use with cannabis seems to increase the levels and clinical effects of warfarin.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Warfarin Sodium interactionMeriva Turmeric PhytosomeAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Warfarin Sodium interactionCasperome Boswellia PhytosomeCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
Read the full Casperome Boswellia Phytosome + Warfarin Sodium interaction6-mercaptopurinePurinethol
How 6-mercaptopurine interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Meriva Turmeric PhytosomeHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + 6-mercaptopurine interactionCasperome Boswellia PhytosomeImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might alter the effects of immunosuppressive drugs.
Read the full Casperome Boswellia Phytosome + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAdo-trastuzumab EmtansineKadcyla
How Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Casperome Boswellia PhytosomeCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Casperome Boswellia Phytosome + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionJoint Support Ifr FormulaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis may increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionMeriva Turmeric PhytosomeCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAbacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, LamivudineTriumeq
How Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Meriva Turmeric PhytosomeHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interactionAbacavir, LamivudineEpzicom
How Abacavir, Lamivudine interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Meriva Turmeric PhytosomeHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Abacavir, Lamivudine interactionAbametapirXeglyze
How Abametapir interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Support Ifr FormulaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Inhibitors Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, CYP3A4 inhibitors might increase the levels and adverse effects of cannabis.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Abametapir interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Support Ifr FormulaAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Abciximab interactionMeriva Turmeric PhytosomeAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Abciximab interactionAbemaciclibVerzenio
How Abemaciclib interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Meriva Turmeric PhytosomeCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Abemaciclib interactionCasperome Boswellia PhytosomeCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Casperome Boswellia Phytosome + Abemaciclib interactionJoint Support Ifr FormulaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis may increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Abemaciclib interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Support Ifr FormulaCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Inhibitors, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Inhibitors +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, drugs that are CYP2C9 inhibitors might increase the adverse effects of cannabis.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Abiraterone interactionMeriva Turmeric PhytosomeHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Abiraterone interactionCasperome Boswellia PhytosomeCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Casperome Boswellia Phytosome + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Casperome Boswellia PhytosomeCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Casperome Boswellia Phytosome + Abiraterone Acetate interactionJoint Support Ifr FormulaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis may increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Abiraterone Acetate interactionMeriva Turmeric PhytosomeHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Meriva Turmeric PhytosomeAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Abrocitinib interactionCasperome Boswellia PhytosomeCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Immunosuppressants +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
Read the full Casperome Boswellia Phytosome + Abrocitinib interactionJoint Support Ifr FormulaAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2c19 (cyp2c19) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Abrocitinib interactionAcalabrutinibCalquence
How Acalabrutinib interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Support Ifr FormulaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, P-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis may increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Acalabrutinib interactionMeriva Turmeric PhytosomeP-glycoprotein Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the absorption of P-glycoprotein substrates.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Acalabrutinib interactionCasperome Boswellia PhytosomeCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Casperome Boswellia Phytosome + Acalabrutinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Meriva Turmeric PhytosomeHepatotoxic Drugs, Antidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Acarbose interactionAcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Acebutolol interactionMeriva Turmeric PhytosomeHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Acebutolol interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Meriva Turmeric PhytosomeAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Acenocoumarol interactionJoint Support Ifr FormulaAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Acenocoumarol interactionAcepromazineAtravet
How Acepromazine interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Support Ifr FormulaAntipsychotic Drugs, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Cannabis does not seem to affect blood levels or effects of some antipsychotic drugs.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Acepromazine interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Meriva Turmeric PhytosomeCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Acetaminophen interactionCasperome Boswellia PhytosomeCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Casperome Boswellia Phytosome + Acetaminophen interactionJoint Support Ifr FormulaCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Support Ifr FormulaAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionMeriva Turmeric PhytosomeAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionCasperome Boswellia PhytosomeCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Casperome Boswellia Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Meriva Turmeric PhytosomeCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionCasperome Boswellia PhytosomeCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Casperome Boswellia Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionJoint Support Ifr FormulaAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Meriva Turmeric PhytosomeHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionCasperome Boswellia PhytosomeCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Casperome Boswellia Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionJoint Support Ifr FormulaCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Support Ifr FormulaCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Barbiturates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionCasperome Boswellia PhytosomeCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Casperome Boswellia Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionMeriva Turmeric PhytosomeCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Meriva Turmeric PhytosomeCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionCasperome Boswellia PhytosomeCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Casperome Boswellia Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionJoint Support Ifr FormulaBarbiturates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might increase the levels and adverse effects of barbiturates.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Support Ifr FormulaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis may increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionCasperome Boswellia PhytosomeCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Casperome Boswellia Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionMeriva Turmeric PhytosomeCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CodeineBancap w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Meriva Turmeric PhytosomeHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionJoint Support Ifr FormulaCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might have additive effects if used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionCasperome Boswellia PhytosomeCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Casperome Boswellia Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine PhosphatePhrenilin #3
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Casperome Boswellia PhytosomeCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Casperome Boswellia Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionMeriva Turmeric PhytosomeCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionJoint Support Ifr FormulaCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Support Ifr FormulaCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionCasperome Boswellia PhytosomeCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Casperome Boswellia Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionMeriva Turmeric PhytosomeCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Meriva Turmeric PhytosomeCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionJoint Support Ifr FormulaCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might have additive effects if used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionCasperome Boswellia PhytosomeCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Casperome Boswellia Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, SalicylamideCodalan No.1, Codalan No.2, Codalan No.3
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Casperome Boswellia PhytosomeCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Casperome Boswellia Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionMeriva Turmeric PhytosomeCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionJoint Support Ifr FormulaCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, DihydrocodeineDHC Plus, Panlor DC, Panlor SS
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interacts with Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Joint Support Ifr FormulaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cannabis may increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Joint Support Ifr Formula + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionCasperome Boswellia PhytosomeCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Casperome Boswellia Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionMeriva Turmeric PhytosomeCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Meriva Turmeric Phytosome + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Joint Support IFR Formula
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Concomitant use with cannabis seems to increase the levels and clinical effects of warfarin.
In vitro research shows that the cannabis constituents delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabinol inhibit the cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)-mediated 7-hydroxylation of S-warfarin in a concentration-dependent manner.
Additionally, there are multiple case reports of patients chronically taking warfarin that developed a spike in international normalized ratio (INR) after using cannabis in various forms, including smoking cannabis, taking medical cannabis orally, or drinking water infused with cannabis flower. One patient smoked 2-2.5 grams in one week and another patient had doubled the amount of THC consumed from 7.5 mg to 14.7 mg daily for one week.
Alcohol (Ethanol)
Theoretically, cannabis might have additive effects when used with alcohol.
Cannabis can have CNS depressant effects, similar to synthetic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Theoretically, concomitant use of alcohol with cannabis can have additive effects including psychomotor impairment, sedation, and changes in mood and behavior.
Anesthesia
Cannabis use might alter the safety and clinical effects of various forms of anesthesia.
A small clinical study shows that higher doses of propofol may be needed to achieve relaxation and loss of consciousness in chronic cannabis users compared with nonusers. Another small clinical study shows that use of cannabis within 72 hours prior to undergoing surgery requiring atropine anesthesia may increase the risk of sustained postoperative tachycardia. The exact mechanisms of these interactions are unclear. Obtain a patient's history of cannabis use preoperatively and advise patients to discontinue cannabis use for at least 2 weeks prior to undergoing surgery.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, cannabis might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that the cannabis constituents delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) inhibit platelet aggregation.
Barbiturates
Theoretically, cannabis might increase the levels and adverse effects of barbiturates.
Some research shows that synthetic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) increases the elimination half-life of pentobarbital by 4 hours when dosed concomitantly.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, cannabis might have additive effects if used with other CNS depressants.
Cannabis can have CNS depressant effects. Combining cannabis with other CNS depressants might result in additive or synergistic effects. A small clinical trial in healthy adults shows that inhaling a high-grade cannabis (Bedrocan International B.V., Veendam, The Netherlands) 100 mg, containing delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol 21.8% and cannabinol 0.1%, modestly increases subjective feelings of sedation when compared with cannabis alone.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Cannabis may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Research shows that cannabidiol (CBD), a constituent of cannabis, inhibits CYP2C19. In clinical studies and case reports, cannabidiol use resulted in significant increases in the serum levels of topiramate, methadone, citalopram, omeprazole, and N-desmethylclobazam, the primary active metabolite of clobazam. These chemicals are metabolized by CYP2C19. Concomitant use of cannabis with CYP2C19 substrates may increase the risk for adverse effects from these substrates.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Inducers
Theoretically, drugs that are CYP2C9 inducers might decrease the effects of cannabis.
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an active constituent of cannabis, is a substrate of CYP2C9 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Inhibitors
Theoretically, drugs that are CYP2C9 inhibitors might increase the adverse effects of cannabis.
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an active constituent of cannabis, is a substrate of CYP2C9 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, cannabis might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that the cannabis constituents delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabinol moderately inhibit the CYP2C9-mediated 7-hydroxylation of S-warfarin in a concentration-dependent manner. In vitro research also shows that cannabis extracts modestly inhibit the CYP2C9 metabolism of tolbutamide; extracts providing the specific cannabinoids CBD and cannabigerol (CBG) had stronger inhibitory effects than extracts containing THC and CBD.
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates
Theoretically, cannabis might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
In vitro research shows that cannabis can induce the activity of CYP2E1, which might increase the metabolism of CYP2E1 substrates.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Inducers
Theoretically, CYP3A4 inducers might reduce the levels and clinical effects of cannabis.
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an active constituent of cannabis, is a substrate of CYP3A4 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Inhibitors
Theoretically, CYP3A4 inhibitors might increase the levels and adverse effects of cannabis.
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an active constituent of cannabis, is a substrate of CYP3A4 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, cannabis may increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that cannabis can inhibit the activity of CYP3A4 enzymes, which might decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates. In vitro research also shows that cannabis extracts modestly inhibit the CYP3A4 metabolism of testosterone; extracts providing the specific cannabinoids CBD and cannabigerol (CBG) had stronger inhibitory effects than extracts containing THC and CBD.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, cannabis might alter levels of drugs that are substrates of P-glycoprotein (P-gp).
Most in vitro research suggests that constituents of cannabis, including cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can inhibit P-gp and increase the accumulation of probe compounds by reducing P-gp mediated drug efflux. In vitro studies in kidney cell lines show that a 1-hour exposure to CBD and THC inhibits P-gp. Cannabis may also alter the expression of P-gp, although this effect appears to vary based on duration of exposure. Some in vitro research in lymphoblastoid leukemia cell lines indicates that a 1-hour exposure to cannabinoids does not affect P-gp expression, while a prolonged 72-hour exposure decreases P-gp expression. Other in vitro research in these cell lines shows that a 4-hour exposure to THC and CBD induces P-gp gene expression, while exposure for longer than 4 hours and up to 48 hours does not induce P-gp gene expression.
Theophylline
Smoking cannabis while taking theophylline might reduce the levels and clinical effects of theophylline.
Similar to smoking tobacco, smoking cannabis seems to increase the metabolism of theophylline.
Thrombolytic Drugs
Cannabis might augment the effects of thrombolytic drugs and increase the risk of severe bleeding.
A case of cerebral hemorrhage has been reported for a 51-year-old female and chronic cannabis user who had consumed a large amount of cannabis prior to receiving recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) for ischemic stroke. Hemorrhage had been ruled out prior to providing the rtPA. The exact mechanism of this interaction is unclear.
Antipsychotic Drugs
Cannabis does not seem to affect blood levels or effects of some antipsychotic drugs.
Human research shows that cannabis use does not affect blood levels or clinical effects of amisulpride, aripiprazole, or olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders.
Sodium
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.
Corticosteroids
Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.
Didanosine (Videx)
Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.
Lithium
Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.
Sodium Phosphates
Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.
Sodium-Containing Drugs
Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.
Tolvaptan (Samsca)
Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula, from the product label.
CATALO
See all CATALO products- Name
- CATALO Natural Health Foods
- Street Address
- 5/F, Suite C-D, 15 Cheung Shun St.
- City
- Hong Kong
- Phone Number
- (852) 3556 8686
- Web Address
- CATALO.com
Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula by CATALO: Common Questions
Does Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula by CATALO interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Does this product work for joint pain?
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
What side effects might I experience?
Is there sodium added to this product, and should I worry about my salt intake?
What is Meriva Turmeric Phytosome?
What are ApresFlex and Casperome Boswellia Phytosome?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Sodium
Interacts with 205 drugsSodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...
Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monographCannabis
Interacts with 1,136 drugsCannabis contains many active compounds, mainly THC (which causes a 'high') and CBD (which does not). Some uses, such as chemotherapy-related nausea, certain seizure disorders, and muscle sp...
Read the full Cannabis monograph → Herb & supplement monographTurmeric
Interacts with 1,133 drugsTurmeric is a popular spice whose main active compounds, curcuminoids, are studied mostly for inflammation and joint pain. Some research is promising, but quality is mixed and curcumin is po...
Read the full Turmeric monograph → Herb & supplement monographBoswellia Serrata
Interacts with 952 drugsBoswellia serrata is a tree resin used in traditional medicine, mainly for joint pain and inflammation. Some studies suggest it may help with osteoarthritis symptoms, but the overall evidenc...
Read the full Boswellia Serrata monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Extra FlexiJoint IFR Formula's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 417 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Sodium 38 references
- Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
- Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
- Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
- Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
- Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
- Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
- Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
- Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
- Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
- D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
- Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
- Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
- Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
- Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
- Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
- Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
- Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
- O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
- Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
- Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
- Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
- Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
- He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
- Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
- Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
- Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
- Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
- Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
- Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
- Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
- Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
- Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
- Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144. PubMed
- Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121. PubMed
- Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
- George S, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Mohapatra D. Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2023;25(1):66-75. PubMed
- Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578. PubMed
Cannabis 261 references
- Robbers JE, Speedie MK, Tyler VE. Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1996.
- Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
- Johnson MA, Robin P, Smith RP, Morrisona D, et al. Large lung bullae in marijuana smokers. Thorax 2000;55:340-2.. PubMed
- Hebel SK, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons. 52nd ed. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons, 1998.
- Tyrey L. Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol: a potent inhibitor of episodic luteinizing hormone secretion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1980;213:306-8. DOI
- Briggs GB, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998.
- Solowij N, Stephens RS, Roffman RA, et al. Cognitive functioning of long-term heavy cannabis users seeking treatment. JAMA 2002;287:1123-31.. PubMed
- Marinol Prescribing Information. Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Rev March 2008. Available at: http://www.solvaypharmaceuticals-us.com/static/wma/pdf/1/3/2/5/0/004InsertText500012RevMar2008.pdf (Accessed 2 July 2009).
- Yamreudeewong W, Wong HK, Brausch LM, Pulley KR. Probable interaction between warfarin and marijuana smoking. Ann Pharmacother 2009;43:1347-53. PubMed
- Ware MA, Wang T, Shapiro S, et al. Smoked cannabis for chronic neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ 2010;182:e694-e701. PubMed
- Pellinen, P., Honkakoski, P., Stenback, F., Niemitz, M., Alhava, E., Pelkonen, O., Lang, M. A., and Pasanen, M. Cocaine N-demethylation and the metabolism-related hepatotoxicity can be prevented by cytochrome P450 3A inhibitors. Eur.J Pharmacol 1-3-1994;2 PubMed
- Johnson, E. M. Substance abuse and women's health. Public Health Rep. 1987;102(4 Suppl):42-48.
- Astley, S. J. and Little, R. E. Maternal marijuana use during lactation and infant development at one year. Neurotoxicol.Teratol. 1990;12(2):161-168. PubMed
- Levy, R., Schurr, A., Nathan, I., Dvilanski, A., and Livne, A. Impairment of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by hashish components. Thromb.Haemost. 12-31-1976;36(3):634-640. DOI
- Payne, R. J. and Brand, S. N. The toxicity of intravenously used marihuana. JAMA 7-28-1975;233(4):351-354. DOI
- Sheweita, S. A. Narcotic drugs change the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 and 2C6 and other activities of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes in the liver of male mice. Toxicology 9-30-2003;191(2-3):133-142. PubMed
- Rog, D. J., Nurmikko, T. J., Friede, T., and Young, C. A. Randomized, controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in central pain in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 9-27-2005;65(6):812-819. PubMed
- Perras, C. Sativex for the management of multiple sclerosis symptoms. Issues Emerg.Health Technol. 2005;(72):1-4.
- Zhu, H. J., Wang, J. S., Markowitz, J. S., Donovan, J. L., Gibson, B. B., Gefroh, H. A., and Devane, C. L. Characterization of P-glycoprotein inhibition by major cannabinoids from marijuana. J Pharmacol Exp.Ther. 2006;317(2):850-857. PubMed
- Holland, M. L., Panetta, J. A., Hoskins, J. M., Bebawy, M., Roufogalis, B. D., Allen, J. D., and Arnold, J. C. The effects of cannabinoids on P-glycoprotein transport and expression in multidrug resistant cells. Biochem.Pharmacol 4-14-2006;71(8):1146-115 PubMed
- Tetrault, J. M., Crothers, K., Moore, B. A., Mehra, R., Concato, J., and Fiellin, D. A. Effects of marijuana smoking on pulmonary function and respiratory complications: a systematic review. Arch.Intern.Med. 2-12-2007;167(3):221-228. PubMed
- Moore, T. H., Zammit, S., Lingford-Hughes, A., Barnes, T. R., Jones, P. B., Burke, M., and Lewis, G. Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review. Lancet 7-28-2007;370(9584):319-328. PubMed
- Aldington, S., Williams, M., Nowitz, M., Weatherall, M., Pritchard, A., McNaughton, A., Robinson, G., and Beasley, R. Effects of cannabis on pulmonary structure, function and symptoms. Thorax 2007;62(12):1058-1063. PubMed
- Ben Amar, M. and Potvin, S. Cannabis and psychosis: what is the link? J Psychoactive Drugs 2007;39(2):131-142. PubMed
- Vidal, C., Fuente, R., Iglesias, A., and Saez, A. Bronchial asthma due to Cannabis sativa seed. Allergy 1991;46(8):647-649.
- Beshay, M., Kaiser, H., Niedhart, D., Reymond, M. A., and Schmid, R. A. Emphysema and secondary pneumothorax in young adults smoking cannabis. Eur.J Cardiothorac.Surg. 2007;32(6):834-838. PubMed
- Rog, D. J., Nurmikko, T. J., and Young, C. A. Oromucosal delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol for neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis: an uncontrolled, open-label, 2-year extension trial. Clin Ther. 2007;29(9):2068-2079.
- Aldington, S., Harwood, M., Cox, B., Weatherall, M., Beckert, L., Hansell, A., Pritchard, A., Robinson, G., and Beasley, R. Cannabis use and risk of lung cancer: a case-control study. Eur.Respir.J 2008;31(2):280-286. PubMed
- Noel, B., Ruf, I., and Panizzon, R. G. Cannabis arteritis. J Am.Acad.Dermatol. 2008;58(5 Suppl 1):S65-S67.
- Cappelli, F., Lazzeri, C., Gensini, G. F., and Valente, S. Cannabis: a trigger for acute myocardial infarction? A case report. J Cardiovasc.Med.(Hagerstown.) 2008;9(7):725-728. PubMed
- Indlekofer, F., Piechatzek, M., Daamen, M., Glasmacher, C., Lieb, R., Pfister, H., Tucha, O., Lange, K. W., Wittchen, H. U., and Schutz, C. G. Reduced memory and attention performance in a population-based sample of young adults with a moderate lifetime
- Mushtaq, F., Mondelli, V., and Pariante, C. M. The metabolic implications of long term cannabis use in patients with psychosis. Epidemiol.Psichiatr.Soc. 2008;17(3):221-226. PubMed
- Zammit, S., Moore, T. H., Lingford-Hughes, A., Barnes, T. R., Jones, P. B., Burke, M., and Lewis, G. Effects of cannabis use on outcomes of psychotic disorders: systematic review. Br.J Psychiatry 2008;193(5):357-363. PubMed
- Tucker, P. Substance misuse and early psychosis. Australas.Psychiatry 2009;17(4):291-294. PubMed
- Reece, A. S. Chronic toxicology of cannabis. Clin Toxicol.(Phila) 2009;47(6):517-524. PubMed
- Grotenhermen, F. Cannabis-associated arteritis. Vasa 2010;39(1):43-53. PubMed
- McGrath, J., Welham, J., Scott, J., Varghese, D., Degenhardt, L., Hayatbakhsh, M. R., Alati, R., Williams, G. M., Bor, W., and Najman, J. M. Association between cannabis use and psychosis-related outcomes using sibling pair analysis in a cohort of young
- Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators. Evidence that familial liability for psychosis is expressed as differential sensitivity to cannabis: an analysis of patient-sibling and sibling-control pairs. Arch.Gen.Psychiatry 2011;68(2):138 PubMed
- Le Guen, P. Y., Gestin, S., Plat, E., Quehe, P., and Bressollette, L. [Renal and spleen infarction after massive consumption of cannabis and cocaine in a young man]. J.Mal Vasc. 2011;36(1):41-44.
- Large, M., Sharma, S., Compton, M. T., Slade, T., and Nielssen, O. Cannabis use and earlier onset of psychosis: a systematic meta-analysis. Arch.Gen.Psychiatry 2011;68(6):555-561. PubMed
- Lynch, M. E. and Campbell, F. Cannabinoids for treatment of chronic non-cancer pain; a systematic review of randomized trials. Br.J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2011;72(5):735-744. PubMed
- Li, M. C., Brady, J. E., DiMaggio, C. J., Lusardi, A. R., Tzong, K. Y., and Li, G. Marijuana use and motor vehicle crashes. Epidemiol.Rev. 2012;34(1):65-72. PubMed
- Richards, B. L., Whittle, S. L., and Buchbinder, R. Neuromodulators for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;1:CD008921. PubMed
- Asbridge, M., Hayden, J. A., and Cartwright, J. L. Acute cannabis consumption and motor vehicle collision risk: systematic review of observational studies and meta-analysis. BMJ 2012;344:e536. PubMed
- Fajardo, L. L. Association of spontaneous pneumomediastinum with substance abuse. West J Med 1990;152(3):301-304.
- Formukong, E. A., Evans, A. T., and Evans, F. J. The inhibitory effects of cannabinoids, the active constituents of Cannabis sativa L. on human and rabbit platelet aggregation. J.Pharm.Pharmacol. 1989;41(10):705-709.
- Hollister, L. E. Interactions of cannabis with other drugs in man. NIDA Res.Monogr 1986;68:110-116. DOI
- Harvey DJ. Absorption, distribution, and biotransformation of the cannabinoids. Marijuana and Medicine. 1999;91-103. DOI
- Bornheim LM, Everhart ET, Li J, Correia MA. Characterization of cannabidiol-mediated cytochrome P450 inactivation. Biochem Pharmacol 1993;45(6):1323-31. PubMed
- Mittleman MA, Lewis RA, Maclure M, Sherwood JB, Muller JE. Triggering myocardial infarction by marijuana. Circulation. 2001;103(23):2805-9. PubMed
- Combemale P, Consort T, Denis-Thelis L, et al. Cannabis arteritis. Br J Dermatol. 2005;152(1):166-9.
- Gibbs M, Winsper C, Marwaha S, et al. Cannabis use and mania symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2015;171:39-47. PubMed
- Hackam DG. Cannabis and stroke: systematic appraisal of case reports. Stroke. 2015;46(3):852-6.
- Hancock-Allen JB, Barker L, VanDyke M, Holmes DB. Notes from the Field: Death Following Ingestion of an Edible Marijuana Product--Colorado, March 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(28):771-2. PubMed
- Ince B, Benbir G, Yuksel O, et al. Both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke following high doses of cannabis consumption. Presse Med. 2015;44(1):106-7. PubMed
- Lev-Ran S, Roerecke M, Le Foll B, et al. The association between cannabis use and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychol Med. 2014;44(4):797-810. PubMed
- Ozyurt S, Muderrisoglu F, Ermete M, Afsar F. Cannabis-induced erythema multiforme-like recurrent drug eruption. Int J Dermatol. 2014;53(1):e22-3. PubMed
- Jouanjus E, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Micallef J; French Association of the Regional Abuse and Dependence Monitoring Centres (CEIP-A) Working Group on Cannabis Complications. Cannabis use: signal of increasing risk of serious cardiovascular disorders. J Am Heart PubMed
- Westover AN, McBride S, Haley RW. Stroke in young adults who abuse amphetamines or cocaine: a population-based study of hospitalized patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Apr;64(4):495-502. PubMed
- Barber PA, Pridmore HM, Krishnamurthy V, et al. Cannabis, ischemic stroke, and transient ischemic attack: a case-control study. Stroke. 2013 Aug;44(8):2327-9. PubMed
- Clark SC, Greene C, Karr GW, MacCannell KL, Milstein SL. Cardiovascular effects of marihuana in man. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1974 Jun;52(3):706-19. PubMed
- Beaconsfield P, Ginsburg J, Rainsbury R. Marihuana smoking. Cardiovascular effects in man and possible mechanisms. N Engl J Med. 1972 Aug 3;287(5):209-12.
- Clark SC. Marihuana and the cardiovascular system. Pharmacol Biochem Behavior. 1975;3(2):299-306. PubMed
- Sidney S. Cardiovascular Consequences of Marijuana Use. J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;42(11 Suppl):64S-70S. PubMed
- Greenberg I, Kuehnle J, Mendelson JH, Bernstein JG. Effects of Marihuana use on body weight and caloric intake in humans. Psychopharmacol. 1976;49:79-84. PubMed
- Sansone RA, Sansone LA. Marijuana and body weight. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2014;11(7-8):50-4.
- Reece AS. Severe multisystem dysfunction in a case of high level exposure to smoked cannabis. BMJ Case Rep. 2009;2009. pii: bcr08.2008.0798. PubMed
- Huson HB, Granados TM, Rasko Y. Surgical considerations of marijuana use in elective procedures. Heliyon. 2018;4(9):e00779. PubMed
- Goyal H, Awad HH, Ghali JK. Role of cannabis in cardiovascular disorders. J Thorac Dis. 2017;9(7):2079-2092. PubMed
- Wilsey B, Marcotte TD, Deutsch R, Zhao H, Prasad H, Phan A. An exploratory human laboratory experiment evaluating vaporized cannabis in the treatment of neuropathic pain from spinal cord injury and disease. J Pain. 2016;17(9):982-1000. PubMed
- Gunn JK, Rosales CB, Center KE, et al. Prenatal exposure to cannabis and maternal and child health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2016;6(4):e009986. PubMed
- Marconi A, Di Forti M, Lewis CM, Murray RM, Vassos E. Meta-analysis of the association between the level of cannabis use and risk of psychosis. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(5):1262-9. PubMed
- Schoeler T, Monk A, Sami MB, et al. Continued versus discontinued cannabis use in patients with psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016;3(3):215-25. PubMed
- Whiting PF, Wolff RF, Deshpande S, et al. Cannabinoids for medical use: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2015;313(24):2456-73. PubMed
- Kedzior KK, Laeber LT. A positive association between anxiety disorders and cannabis use or cannabis use disorders in the general population--a meta-analysis of 31 studies. BMC Psychiatry. 2014;14:136. PubMed
- Ocampo TL, Rans TS. Cannabis sativa: the unconventional "weed" allergen. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015;114(3):187-92. PubMed
- Shere A, Goyal H. Cannabis can augment thrombolytic properties of rtPA: Intracranial hemorrhage in a heavy cannabis user. Am J Emerg Med. 2017;35(12):1988.e1-1988.e2. PubMed
- Atchaneeyasakul K, Torres LF, Malik AM. Large amount of cannabis ingestion resulting in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A case report. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2017;26(7):e138-e139. PubMed
- Lotan I, Treves TA, Roditi Y, Djaldetti R. Cannabis (medical marijuana) treatment for motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson disease: an open-label observational study. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2014;37(2):41-4. PubMed
- Duran M, Pérez E, Abanades S, et al. Preliminary efficacy and safety of an oromucosal standardized cannabis extract in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2010;70(5):656-63. PubMed
- Gaston TE, Bebin EM, Cutter GR, Liu Y, Szaflarski JP; UAB CBD Program. Interactions between cannabidiol and commonly used antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia. 2017 Sep;58(9):1586-92. PubMed
- Devinsky O, Marsh E, Friedman D, et la. Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial. Lancet Neurol. 2016 Mar;15(3):270-8.
- Geffrey AL, Pollack SF, Bruno PL, Thiele EA. Drug-drug interaction between clobazam and cannabidiol in children with refractory epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2015 Aug;56(8):1246-51. PubMed
- Akturk HK, Taylor DD, Camsari UM, Rewers A, Kinney GL, Shah VN. Association Between Cannabis Use and Risk for Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes. JAMA Intern Med. 2018. PubMed
- Bahorik AL, Sterling SA, Campbell CI, Weisner C, Ramo D, Satre DD. Medical and non-medical marijuana use in depression: Longitudinal associations with suicidal ideation, everyday functioning, and psychiatry service utilization. J Affect Disord. 2018;241:8 PubMed
- Bonnet U, Preuss UW. The cannabis withdrawal syndrome: current insights. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2017;8:9-37. PubMed
- Cadman PE. Hypophosphatemia in Users of Cannabis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2017;69(1):152-155. PubMed
- Damkier P, Lassen D, Christensen MMH, Madsen KG, Hellfritzsch M, Pottegård A. Interaction between warfarin and cannabis. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2019;124(1):28-31. PubMed
- Fogang YF, Camara M, Mbonda PC, Toffa D, Touré K. Late onset epilepsy associated with marijuana abuse: a case report with MRI findings. Pan Afr Med J. 2014;17:158. PubMed
- Ghasemiesfe M, Ravi D, Vali M, et al. Marijuana Use, Respiratory Symptoms, and Pulmonary Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(2):106-115. PubMed
- Howaizi M, Chahine M, Haydar F, Jemaa Y, Lapoile E. Cannabis-induced recurrent acute pancreatitis. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2012;75(4):446-7.
- Lawn W, Freeman TP, Pope RA, et al. Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on effort-related decision-making and reward learning: an evaluation of the cannabis 'amotivational' hypotheses. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2016;233(19-20):3537-52. PubMed
- Matta A, Tandra PK, Berim L. Priapism in a patient with sickle cell trait using marijuana. BMJ Case Rep. 2014;2014. PubMed
- Nourbakhsh M, Miller A, Gofton J, Jones G, Adeagbo B. Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: Reports of Fatal Cases. J Forensic Sci. 2019;64(1):270-274. PubMed
- Toce MS, Farias M, Powell AJ, Daly KP, Vargas SO, Burns MM. Myocardial Infarct After Marijuana Inhalation in a 16-year-old Adolescent Boy. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2019;22(1):80-86. PubMed
- Zhang LR, Morgenstern H, Greenland S, et al. Cannabis smoking and lung cancer risk: Pooled analysis in the International Lung Cancer Consortium. Int J Cancer. 2015;136(4):894-903.
- Product information for Marinol. AbbVie. North Chicago, IL 60064. August 2017. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/018651s029lbl.pdf.
- Hogendorf AM, Fendler W, Sieroslawski J, et al. Breaking the Taboo: Illicit Drug Use among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res. 2016;2016:4153278. Epub 2015 Dec 29. PubMed
- Lee P, Greenfield JR, Gilbert K, Campbell LV. Recreational drug use in type 1 diabetes: an invisible accomplice to poor glycaemic control? Intern Med J. 2012 Feb;42(2):198-202. PubMed
- Winhusen T, Theobald J, Kaelber D, Tlimat A, Lewis D. Using big data to evaluate the association between substance use disorders (SUDS) and T2DM-complications. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2018;33(2):S382. Abstract Only.
- Thurheimer-Cacciotti JL, Sereika SM, Schmitt P, et al. The effect of risk-taking behaviors on hemoglobin A1c in women with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2017;66:A226. Abstract Only.
- van de Donk T, Niesters M, Kowal MA, Olofsen E, Dahan A, van Velzen M. An experimental randomized study on the analgesic effects of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia. Pain. 2019 Apr;160(4):860-869. PubMed
- Chocron Y, Zuber JP, Vaucher J. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. BMJ. 2019 Jul 19;366:l4336. PubMed
- Kheifets M, Karniel E, Landa D, Vons SA, Meridor K, Charach G. Resolution of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome with Benzodiazepines: A Case Series. Isr Med Assoc J. 2019 Jun;21(6):404-407.
- Corsi DJ, Walsh L, Weiss D, et al. Association Between Self-reported Prenatal Cannabis Use and Maternal, Perinatal, and Neonatal Outcomes. JAMA. 2019 Jul 9;322(2):145-152. PubMed
- Di Forti M, Quattrone D, Freeman TP, et al. The contribution of cannabis use to variation in the incidence of psychotic disorder across Europe (EU-GEI): a multicentre case-control study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019 May;6(5):427-436.
- Ogeil RP, Cheetham A, Mooney A, et al. Early adolescent drinking and cannabis use predicts later sleep-quality problems. Psychol Addict Behav. 2019 May;33(3):266-273. PubMed
- Ghasemiesfe M, Barrow B, Leonard S, Keyhani S, Korenstein D. Association between marijuana use and risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Nov 1;2(11):e1916318. PubMed
- Rodriguez CE, Sheeder J, Allshouse AA, et al. Marijuana use in young mothers and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG. 2019 Nov;126(12):1491-1497. PubMed
- Smid MC. Marijuana use among young pregnant women: more common and more harmful than we think. BJOG. 2019 Nov;126(12):1498. PubMed
- Brar BK, Patil PS, Jackson DN, Gardner MO, Alexander JM, Doyle NM. Effect of intrauterine marijuana exposure on fetal growth patterns and placental vascular resistance. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019 Nov 11:1-5. PubMed
- Adejumo AC, Flanagan R, Kuo B, Staller K. Relationship Between Recreational Marijuana Use and Bowel Function in a Nationwide Cohort Study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Nov 22. PubMed
- Qian ZJ, Alyono JC. An association between marijuana use and tinnitus. Am J Otolaryngol. 2020 Jan - Feb;41(1):102314. PubMed
- Lovell ME, Akhurst J, Padgett C, Garry MI, Matthews A. Cognitive outcomes associated with long-term, regular, recreational cannabis use in adults: A meta-analysis. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Oct 31. PubMed
- Alshaarawy O, Anthony JC. Are cannabis users less likely to gain weight? Results from a national 3-year prospective study. Int J Epidemiol. 2019 Oct 1;48(5):1695-1700. PubMed
- Budney AJ, Roffman R, Stephens R, Walker D. Marijuana dependence and its treatment. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2007;4(1):4-16. PubMed
- Zehra A, Burns J, Liu CK, et al. Cannabis Addiction and the Brain: a Review. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2018;13(4):438-52. PubMed
- Bahji A, Stephenson C, Tyo R, Hawken ER, Seitz DP. Prevalence of Cannabis Withdrawal Symptoms Among People With Regular or Dependent Use of Cannabinoids: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(4):e202370. PubMed
- Madden K, Tanco K, Bruera E. Clinically Significant Drug-Drug Interaction Between Methadone and Cannabidiol. Pediatrics. 2020;e20193256. PubMed
- Baltz JW, Le LT. Serotonin Syndrome versus Cannabis Toxicity in the Emergency Department. Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med. 2020;4(2):171-173. PubMed
- Bucchino L, Monzani A, Fracon S, Genoni G, Cena T, Bellone S. Cannabis-Related Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in a 16-Year-Old Patient: A Case Report. Front Pediatr. 2019;7:468. PubMed
- Hindley G, Beck K, Borgan F, et al. Psychiatric symptoms caused by cannabis constituents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4):344-353. PubMed
- Santaella-Tenorio J, Wheeler-Martin K, DiMaggio CJ, et al. Association of Recreational Cannabis Laws in Colorado and Washington State With Changes in Traffic Fatalities, 2005-2017. JAMA Intern Med. 2020. PubMed
- Kloft L, Otgaar H, Blokland A, Garbaciak A, Monds LA, Ramaekers JG. False memory formation in cannabis users: a field study. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2019;236(12):3439-3450. PubMed
- Rosekind MR, Ehsani JP, Michael JP. Reducing Impaired Driving Fatalities: Data Need to Drive Testing, Enforcement, and Policy. JAMA Intern Med. 2020. PubMed
- Parekh T, Pemmasani S, Desai R. Marijuana Use Among Young Adults (18-44 Years of Age) and Risk of Stroke: A Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Analysis. Stroke. 2020;51(1):308-310. PubMed
- Ramphul K, Joynauth J. Cardiac Arrhythmias Among Teenagers Using Cannabis in the United States. Am J Cardiol. 2019;124(12):1966. PubMed
- Kamer RS, Warshafsky S, Kamer GC. Change in Traffic Fatality Rates in the First 4 States to Legalize Recreational Marijuana. JAMA Intern Med. 2020. PubMed
- Zaidi SR, Khan ZH, Mukhtar K, Ahmed MM, Syed SH. A Case of Intussusception in a Patient with Marijuana Use: Coincidence or Possible Correlation? Cureus. 2020;12(3):e7493. PubMed
- Paul SP, Hatoum AS, Fine JD, et al. Associations between prenatal cannabis exposure and childhood outcomes: results from the ABCD Study. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;e202902. PubMed
- Ammerman SD, Ryan SA, Adelman WP, et al. The impact of marijuana policies on youth: clinical, research, and legal update. Pediatrics. 2015;135(3):584-7. DOI
- Emoto J, Weeks K, Kallail KJ. Accidental Acute Cannabis Intoxication Presenting as Seizure in Pediatrics Patients. Kans J Med. 2020;13: 129-130. DOI
- Hines LA, Freeman TP, Gage SH, et al. Association of High-Potency Cannabis Use With Mental Health and Substance Use in Adolescence. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;77(10):1044-1051. PubMed
- Monte AA, K Shelton SK, Mills E., Acute Illness Associated With Cannabis Use, by Route of Exposure: An Observational Study. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Apr 16;170(8):531-537. PubMed
- San Luis CV, Nobleza COS, Shekhar S, et al. Association between recent cannabinoid use and acute ischemic stroke. Neurol Clin Pract. 2020;10(4):333-339. PubMed
- Arkell TR, Vinckenbosch F, Kevin RC, Theunissen EL, McGregor IS, Ramaekers JG. Effect of Cannabidiol and ?9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Driving Performance: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020;324(21):2177-2186.
- Brown GW, Bellnier TJ, Janda M, Miskowitz K. ?-9-tetrahydrocannabinol dose increase leads to warfarin drug interaction and elevated INR. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2021;61(1):e57-e60. PubMed
- Cole TB, Saitz R. Cannabis and Impaired Driving. JAMA. 2020;324(21):2163-2164. PubMed
- Corsi DJ, Donelle J, Sucha E, et al. Maternal cannabis use in pregnancy and child neurodevelopmental outcomes. Nat Med. 2020;26(10):1536-1540. PubMed
- Dellazizzo L, Potvin S, Dou BY, et al. Association Between the Use of Cannabis and Physical Violence in Youths: A Meta-Analytical Investigation. Am J Psychiatry. 2020;177(7):619-626. PubMed
- Faustino ISP, González-Arriagada WA, Cordero-Torres K, Lopes MA. Candidiasis of the tongue in cannabis users: a report of 2 cases. Gen Dent. 2020;68(5):66-68.
- Gorfinkel LR, Stohl M, Hasin D. Association of Depression With Past-Month Cannabis Use Among US Adults Aged 20 to 59 Years, 2005 to 2016. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013802. PubMed
- Grzeskowiak LE, Grieger JA, Andraweera P, et al. The deleterious effects of cannabis during pregnancy on neonatal outcomes. Med J Aust. 2020;212(11):519-524. PubMed
- Lawin D, Lawrenz T, Tego A, Stellbrink C. Cannabis-induced recurrent myocardial infarction in a 21-year-old man: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep. 2020;4(3):1-5. PubMed
- Lewis B, Fleeger T, Judge B, Riley B, Jones JS. Acute toxicity associated with cannabis edibles following decriminalization of marijuana in Michigan. Am J Emerg Med. 2020:S0735-6757(20)30872-X. PubMed
- Manning T, Bartow C, McNaughton M, Reynolds E, Chen Z. Vaping Cannabis Oil: A Case of Catatonia Associated With Use of High-Potency Cannabis. Psychosomatics. 2020;61(6):745-751. PubMed
- Mekala H, Malik Z, Lone J, Shah K, Ishaq M. Cannabis-Induced Catatonia: A Case Series. Cureus. 2020;12(6):e8603. PubMed
- Tournier N, Lucie Chevillard L, Megarbane B, et al. Interaction of drugs of abuse and maintenance treatments with human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2). Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2010;13(7):905-15. PubMed
- Arnold JC, Hone P, Holland ML, Allen JD. CB2 and TRPV1 receptors mediate cannabinoid actions on MDR1 expression in multidrug resistant cells. Pharmacol Rep. 2012;64(3):751-7. PubMed
- Wymore EM, Palmer C, Wang GS, et al. Persistence of ?-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Human Breast Milk JAMA Pediatr. 2021. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.6098. PubMed
- Anderson LL, Doohan PT, Oldfield L, et al. Citalopram and Cannabidiol: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence of Pharmacokinetic Interactions Relevant to the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Young People. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2021. PubMed
- Nasrin S, Watson CJW, Perez-Paramo YX, Lazarus P. Cannabinoid Metabolites as Inhibitors of Major Hepatic CYP450 Enzymes, with Implications for Cannabis-Drug Interactions. Drug Metab Dispos 2021;49(12):1070-1080. PubMed
- Noori A, Miroshnychenko A, Shergill Y, et al. Opioid-sparing effects of medical cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and observational studies. BMJ Open 2021;11(7):e047717. PubMed
- Puri C, Rhee K, Harish VK, Slack D. Marijuana induced spontaneous pneumomediastinum. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2021;11(4):516-517. PubMed
- Rao SJ, Kirse DJ, Shetty AK. Cannabis induced thermal epiglottitis in a pediatric patient. Am J Emerg Med 2021;49:114-116. PubMed
- Sheikh B, Hirachan T, Gandhi K, Desai S, Arif R, Isakov O. Cannabis-Induced Malignant Catatonia: A Medical Emergency and Review of Prior Case Series. Cureus 2021;13(8):e17490. PubMed
- Malviya A, Khan SA, Gupta A, Mishra A. Chronic Marijuana Consumption Leading to High-Grade Atrioventricular Block in a Young Male. Cureus 2021;13(7):e16202. PubMed
- Sly M, Clark K, Karaghossian G, Narang VK, Gill M, Ragland AS. Cannabis-Induced Pancreatitis in a Young Adult Male. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2021;9:23247096211035238. PubMed
- Kiburi SK, Molebatsi K, Ntlantsana V, Lynskey MT. Cannabis use in adolescence and risk of psychosis: Are there factors that moderate this relationship? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Subst Abus 2021;42(4):527-542. PubMed
- Kasuda S, Kondo T, Terazawa I, Morimoto M, Yuui K, Kudo R. Cardiac sudden death in a young cannabis user. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2021;53:101955. PubMed
- Singh BO, Panda PK, Walia R. Recreational cannabis use causing non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy and cardioembolism in a young adult. BMJ Case Rep 2021;14(6):e243193. PubMed
- Matta A, Elenizi K, Elbaz M, Roncalli J. Left main coronary artery thrombus after cannabis consumption: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2021;5(6):ytab179. PubMed
- Onorato A, Shapiro J, Griffin L, Aldulescu M, Arva NC, Shah A. Chronic cough and weight loss in an adolescent marijuana smoker. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2022;10:2050313X221085779. PubMed
- Farouji I, Chan KH, Battah A, et al. A rare case of marijuana associated with ascending aorta thrombosis complicated with stroke and bilateral renal infarcts. Radiol Case Rep 2021;17(1):119-123. PubMed
- Banana Y, Bashir H, Boukabous S, Rezziki A, Benzirar A, El Mahi O. Cannabis arteritis: A case report and brief review of the literature. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022;76:103523. PubMed
- Busse JW, Vankrunkelsven P, Zeng L, et al. Medical cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic pain: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ 2021;374:n2040. PubMed
- Marchand G, Masoud AT, Govindan M, et al. Birth Outcomes of Neonates Exposed to Marijuana in Utero: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2022;5(1):e2145653. PubMed
- Ramos B, Santos Martins AF, Lima Osório ES. Psychotic cannabis withdrawal: A clinical case. Cureus 2022;14(11):e31465. PubMed
- Robinson T, Ali MU, Easterbrook B, et al. Identifying risk-thresholds for the association between frequency of cannabis use and development of cannabis use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022;238:109582. PubMed
- Fresán A, Dionisio-García DM, González-Castro TB, et al. Cannabis smoking increases the risk of suicide ideation and suicide attempt in young individuals of 11-21 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2022;153:90-98. PubMed
- Maharaj N, Swarath S, Seecheran R, Seecheran V, Seecheran NA. Suspected cannabis vaping-induced pericardial effusion. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2022;10:23247096221140251. PubMed
- Alirezaei T, Mohammadi MKA, Irilouzadian R, Zarinparsa H. Marijuana-induced myocarditis in a 24-year-old man. Arch Clin Cases 2022;9(2):69-74. PubMed
- Kothadia JP, Dash A, Verma R, Kreitman K, Snell PD, Ismail MK. Adult intussusception in chronic marijuana users. Gastroenterology Res 2022;15(5):278-283. PubMed
- Abosheaishaa H, Nassar M, Haseeb Ul Rasool M, Makhoul K, Abdelwahed M. Marijuana-induced acute hepatitis: A case report. Cureus 2022;14(10):e30273. PubMed
- Jain A, Ashiq A, Ahmed R, Rane RP, Hussain KM. A case of pneumothorax secondary to marijuana use disorder. Cureus 2022;14(7):e26634. PubMed
- Prota C, Ravera A, Caleo O, Campanile A. Marijuana-induced toxic myocarditis: a case report and a review of the literature. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2022;23(12):814-818. PubMed
- Idris I, Diez JR, Assoku BA, Beker S. Accidental ingestion of tetrahydrocannabinol-laced gummies causing bradycardia and first-degree atrioventricular block in a pediatric patient: A case report. Cureus 2022;14(7):e26826. PubMed
- Simonsen SK, Rittig NF, Poulsen PL, Svart MV. Hypokalemic paresis in a 26-year-old man after recreational cannabis use. Am J Case Rep 2022;23:e936008. PubMed
- Chabot C, Gouat F. Rare finding of acute eosinophilic pneumonia associated with heavy cannabis use: A case-report. Radiol Case Rep 2022;17(9):3040-3042. PubMed
- Gayá García-Manso I, Martínez García MÁ, Pérez Pérez JL. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia associated with marijuana smoking for chronic pain management. Med Clin (Barc) 2022;159(6):e41-e42. DOI
- Englund A, Oliver D, Chesney E, et al. Does cannabidiol make cannabis safer? A randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial of cannabis with four different CBD:THC ratios. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022. PubMed
- Hutten NRPW, Arkell TR, Vinckenbosch F, et al. Cannabis containing equivalent concentrations of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) induces less state anxiety than THC-dominant cannabis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022;239(11):3731-374 PubMed
- Bell AD, MacCallum C, Margolese S, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for cannabis and cannabinoid-based medicines in the management of chronic pain and co-occurring conditions. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2023. PubMed
- Graves JM, Dilley JA, Klein T, Liebelt E. Suspected suicidal cannabis exposures reported to US Poison Centers, 2009-2021. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(4):e239044. PubMed
- Moussa MK, Hall MAK, Akwe J. Cannabis-induced acute encephalopathy in a 94-year-old woman due to family administration of cannabidiol (CBD) products: A case report. Cureus 2023;15(4):e37927.
- Le Q, Dangol G, Bhandari A. A rare case of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage caused by fentanyl-laced marijuana. Cureus 2023;15(5):e38523. PubMed
- Mankgele M, Hlawe D, Tsabedze N. Cannabis-associated myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries in a young patient with underlying myocardial bridge. Am J Case Rep 2023;24:e938175. PubMed
- Khan MA, Khan FH, Khan HB, Brabham D. Marijuana as a cause of diffuse coronary vasospasm leading to cardiac arrest. Cureus 2023;15(4):e38026. PubMed
- Alisauskiene R, Johnsen E, Gjestad R, et al. Does drug use affect the efficacy of amisulpride, aripiprazole and olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders? Results from a pragmatic, randomised study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2023;83:185-193. PubMed
- Nana Sede Mbakop R, Kesiena O, Greene TE, Amakye D. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome in a 23-year-old woman with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus. Am J Case Rep 2023;24:e938418. PubMed
- Johnson GA, Guerra L, Oxner A. A case of panic attacks developing after 10 years of chronic cannabis use in a patient with no prior psychiatric history. Cureus 2023;15(1):e34197. PubMed
- Li J, Miller M, Abu Khalaf S, Nelson TB. Weeding out the culprit: Cannabinoid-associated Stevens-Johnson Syndrome. Cureus 2023;15(5):e39454. PubMed
- Osagie E, Mirza O. Recurrent severe burns due to cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. Cureus 2023;15(2):e34552. PubMed
- Ploucher S, Koilpillai S, Iyyani M, Carlan S. A case of near-fatal bradycardia caused by accidental cannabis intoxication. Cureus 2023;15(4):e37430. PubMed
- Gauthier T, Prakash PB, Keopple D, Vardis R. Cannabis-induced catatonia in a 15-year-old male: A case report. WMJ 2023;122(2):131-133.
- Pilitsi E, Kennamer B, Trepanowski N, et al. Cannabis arteritis presenting with Raynaud's and digital ulcerations: a case-based review of a controversial thromboangiitis obliterans-like condition. Clin Rheumatol 2023;42(7):1981-1985. PubMed
- Luke ND, Vefali B, Chow P, Miller R. Acute recreational cannabis-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis: A case report. Cureus 2023;15(4):e37312. PubMed
- Rahman A, Alqaisi S. Myopericarditis associated with marijuana intake: A case report and literature review. Cureus 2023;15(5):e39413. PubMed
- Patel M, Sathiya Narayanan R, Peela AS. A case of a patient with cannabis hyperemesis syndrome along with recurrent nephrolithiasis. Cureus 2023;15(4):e37182. PubMed
- Zamarripa CA, Spindle TR, Surujunarain R, et al. Assessment of orally administered ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol when coadministered with cannabidiol on ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy adults: A randomized clinical trial PubMed
- Phan AT, Hu J, Ghantarchyan HH, Nguyen VP, Hasan M. Marijuana-induced lung injury: A case report and a review of the literature. Cureus 2023;15(2):e34635. PubMed
- van Dam CJ, van der Schrier R, van Velzen M, et al. Inhaled Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol does not enhance oxycodone-induced respiratory depression: randomised controlled trial in healthy volunteers. Br J Anaesth 2023;130(4):485-493.
- Hjorthøj C, Compton W, Starzer M, et al. Association between cannabis use disorder and schizophrenia stronger in young males than in females. Psychol Med. 2023;1-7. PubMed
- Treyer A, Reinhardt JK, Eigenmann DE, Oufir M, Hamburger M. Phytochemical comparison of medicinal cannabis extracts and study of their CYP-mediated interactions with coumarinic oral anticoagulants. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids. 2023;6(1):21-31. PubMed
- Nadeem Z, Wu C, Burke S, Parker S. Serotonin syndrome and cannabis: A case report. Australas Psychiatry. 2024;32(1):100-101. PubMed
- Arshad H, Mousa A, Oudah B, Kakhktsyan T, Abu-Abaa M, Kass R. Cannabis-Induced ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction With Possible Coronary Artery Dissection: A Case Report. Cureus. 2023;15(5):e39594. PubMed
- Licciardi M, Utzeri E, Marchetti MF, Nissardi V, Cecchetto G, Montisci M, Montisci R. Syncope and Cannabis: hypervagotonia from chronic abuse? A case report and literature review. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023;23(1):518. PubMed
- Oudah B, Al-Ameri N, Mousa A, Arshad H, Abu-Abaa M, Park S. Variant Angina and Cannabis-Induced Myocarditis: A Rare Presentation of Myocardial Inflammation. Cureus. 2023;15(6):e41196. PubMed
- Fontane Hoyos CN, Boos J, Goldminz AM. Airborne allergic contact dermatitis to medical marijuana. Contact Dermatitis. 2024;90(1):89-91. PubMed
- Alduraibi RK, Altowayan YF, AlMharwal BT. Unexpected cause of recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis in type 1 diabetes: a case report. BMC Endocr Disord. 2023;23(1):137. PubMed
- Singh A, Apostolatos A, Iyer A, Bescobedo B, Middlemas M. Cannabis Use: An Uncommon Cause of Hypokalemia-Induced Acute Paralysis. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e44393. PubMed
- Moshfeghinia R, Oji B, Hosseinzadeh M, Pourfridoni M, Ahmadi J. Early onset frontotemporal dementia following cannabis abuse: a case report. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):484. PubMed
- Sharma A, Sharma V. A Case of Cannabis-Induced Catatonia and Management With Electroconvulsive Therapy. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e43478. PubMed
- Leczycki M, Zaki P, Espiridion ED. Moon Rock Cannabis-Induced Psychosis and New-Onset Seizures in a 20-Year-Old Male. Cureus. 2023;15(7):e42752. PubMed
- Ahmad Z, Mukherjee A, Garcia A, Asif H. Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum in Marijuana Users. Cureus. 2023;15(9):e45033. PubMed
- Oladunjoye AF, Li E, Aneni K, Onigu-Otite E. Cannabis use disorder, suicide attempts, and self-harm among adolescents: A national inpatient study across the United States. PLoS One. 2023;18(10):e0292922. Erratum in: PLoS One. 2023 Nov 30;18(11):e0294303. PubMed
- Chhabra M, Ben-Eltriki M, Paul A, Lê ML, Herbert A, Oberoi S, Bradford N, Bowers A, Rassekh SR, Kelly LE. Cannabinoids for symptom management in children with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer. 2023 Nov 15;129(22):3656-3670. doi: 10.10 PubMed
- Delker E, Hayes S, Kelly AE, Jones KL, Chambers C, Bandoli G. Prenatal Exposure to Cannabis and Risk of Major Structural Birth Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2023;142(2):269-283. PubMed
- Reis MG, Ferreira AJF, Sohouli MH, Taimeirão DR, Vieira RAL, Guimarães NS. Effect of cannabis and subproducts on anthropometric measures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond). 2024;48(1):44-54. PubMed
- Bansal S, Zamarripa CA, Spindle TR, et al. Evaluation of Cytochrome P450-Mediated Cannabinoid-Drug Interactions in Healthy Adult Participants. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023.
- Jeffers AM, Glantz S, Byers AL, Keyhani S. Association of Cannabis Use With Cardiovascular Outcomes Among US Adults. J Am Heart Assoc. 2024 Mar 5;13(5):e030178. PubMed
- Elnagar A, Kgomo M, Mokone M, Yousif B. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 2024;17(4):e256921. PubMed
- Braun IM, Bohlke K, Abrams DI, et al. Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Adults With Cancer: ASCO Guideline. J Clin Oncol 2024;42(13):1575-1593. PubMed
- Mensah DN, Livingston J, Maddukuri V. Cannabis-Associated Pneumothorax: A Case Report. Cureus 2023;15(12):e50825. PubMed
- Crichton M, Dissanayaka T, Marx W, et al. Does medicinal cannabis affect depression, anxiety, and stress in people with cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies. Maturitas 2024;184:107941. PubMed
- Tadesse AW, Dachew BA, Ayano G, Betts K, Alati R. Prenatal cannabis use and the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2024;171:142-151. PubMed
- Oliveira Gracini CL, Nascimento GG, Vidigal MTC, et al. Suicide ideation and psychotropic recreational drug use by adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sao Paulo Med J 2024;142(4):e2022641. PubMed
- Tadesse AW, Ayano G, Dachew BA, et al. The association between prenatal cannabis use and congenital birth defects in offspring: A cumulative meta-analysis. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2024;102:107340. PubMed
- Lowe DJE, Sorkhou M, George TP. Cannabis use in adolescents and anxiety symptoms and disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2024;50(2):150-161. PubMed
- Dawson D, Stjepanovic D, Lorenzetti V, Cheung C, Hall W, Leung J. The prevalence of cannabis use disorders in people who use medicinal cannabis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024;257:111263. PubMed
- Shukla R, Shukla N. Cannabis-induced obsessive-compulsive disorder: Is it a paradox?. Indian J Psychiatry 2023;65(11):1200-1201. PubMed
- Hutchinson J, Sall S, Stevens L. The Effect of Cannabis Use on Depression. Cureus 2024;16(1):e51803. PubMed
- Yang G, Li F, Wang Q, Liu Y, Guo J, Yue C. Association between history of cannabis use and outcomes after total hip or knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024;12:1377688. PubMed
- Moshfeghinia R, Hosseinzadeh M, Mostafavi S, et al. Recurrent cannabis-induced catatonia: a case report and comprehensive systematic literature review. Front Psychiatry 2024;15:1332310. PubMed
- Zafrullah F, Raheela F, Ali F, et al. Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection in the Setting of Marijuana: A Case Report. Cureus 2024;16(4):e59284. PubMed
- Shehataa MS, Abdelfattah AH, Selim AN. A Case Report of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome From Cannabis and Amphetamine Use. Cureus 2023;15(12):e50003. PubMed
- Khalili MR, Hosseini S, Shirvani M. Bilateral Optic Neuropathy Associated with Acute Inhaled Marijuana Use: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Neuroophthalmology 2024;48(3):186-192. PubMed
- Kaplan EF, Link CN, Schmalzried S, Rosenblatt A, Kellams A, Holland E. Association of Cannabis with Apneic Episodes in a Breastfed Infant: A Case Study. Breastfeed Med 2024;19(6):490-493. PubMed
- Solanki NN, Thill CA, Chaker M, Messina Alvarez AA, Manasrah N, Chaudhary AJ. Recurrent Spontaneous Pneumothorax Secondary to Marijuana and Tobacco Abuse. Cureus 2024;16(1):e52391. PubMed
- Velez Oquendo G, Balaji N, Ignatowicz A, Qutob H. Vanishing Lung Syndrome in a Young Male With Chronic Marijuana Use: A Case Report. Cureus 2023;15(12):e51223. PubMed
- Heyne S, Steininger J, Bauer A. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis to marijuana. Contact Dermatitis 2024. PubMed
- Acharya P, Mishra A, Kuikel S, et al. Severe and rapidly changing hypophosphatemia in cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: a case report. Oxf Med Case Reports 2024;2024(6):omae055. PubMed
- Moy M, Truonghuynh A, Villarreal E, Neal D. Antepartum Psychosis in the Setting of Preeclampsia With Severe Features: A Case Report. Cureus 2023;15(11):e49678. PubMed
- Park JB, Lee D, Adebagbo OD, et al. Impact of marijuana on masculinization top surgery postoperative complications: Single-surgeon single-institutional experience. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2024;93:302-304. PubMed
- Zebbakh H, Imrani K, Benbrahim F, Moatassim Billah N, Nassar I. Acute toxic hippocampal encephalopathy in heavy cannabis users: A case report. Radiol Case Rep 2024;19(5):1913-1916. PubMed
- Bhana M, Perner Y. Can cannabinoids contribute to cholecystitis - a case of gangrenous acalculous cholecystitis. S Afr J Surg 2024;62(2):71. DOI
- Salmerón S, Ochandiano I, Andreu H, et al. Cannabis withdrawal and manic episodes: Three cases of an unknown trigger for bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2024;26(3):296-299. PubMed
- Colling M, Souri Y, Reifsnyder T. Tetrahydrocannabinol vape-associated cannabis arteritis in a patient with minimal tobacco exposure. J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech 2024;11(1):101673. PubMed
- Bennasser A, Oudrhiri Safiani M, El Mostarchid A, Zhim M, Jiddane M, Touarsa F. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) following cannabis consumption: A rare association. Radiol Case Rep 2024;20(1):59-63. PubMed
- de Andrade Silva S, Velozo C, de Almeida Souto Montenegro L, et al. Effect of Preoperative Oral Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis Extract on Anxiety and Postoperative Pain after Endodontic Treatment: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. J Endod 2024;50(12):1 PubMed
- Ricci V, De Berardis D, Martinotti G, Maina G. New insight in psychotic cannabis withdrawal: case series and brief overview. Riv Psichiatr 2024;59(6):316-321. PubMed
- Grimison P, Mersiades A, Kirby A, et al. Oral Cannabis Extract for Secondary Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Final Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II/III Trial. J Clin Oncol 2024;42(34):4040-4050. PubMed
- Udomuksorn W, Saowaneepitak N, Dolthammasiri P, et al. Unveiling the impact of water-boiled cannabis on warfarin: A case report of atrial fibrillation patients after cannabis legalization in Thailand. Toxicol Rep 2024;13:101838. PubMed
- Munroe M, Shah Z, Setya A. Wernicke encephalopathy in a pediatric patient with cannabinoid hyperemesis: A novel case report. JPGN Rep 2024;5(3):411-413. PubMed
- Storck W, Elbaz M, Vindis C, et al. Cardiovascular risk associated with the use of cannabis and cannabinoids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart. 2025:heartjnl-2024-325429. PubMed
- Dogra R, Dogra V, Badyal H, Avasthi S. Hot Dab Associated Pneumonitis - a case report. BMC Pulm Med 2024;24(1):449. PubMed
- Ei Sherif Y, Gouher S, Abualhab MM, El-Khoury J. Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome in a Recently Abstinent Chronic User: Assessment and Intervention. Consort Psychiatr 2024;5(1):27-32. PubMed
- Knight HE, Singla A, Smerina M, et al. A Rare Complication of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome. Am J Case Rep 2024;25:e945106. PubMed
- Wasik J, Likonska A, Kurowski M. IgE-Mediated Allergy and Asymptomatic Sensitization to Cannabis Allergens-Review of Current Knowledge and Presentation of Six Cases. Medicina (Kaunas) 2024;60(6):954. PubMed
- Strickler L, Baker A, DeGonza H, Alkhouri R. Intussusception in an Infant Chronically Ingesting Marijuana Via Breastfeeding. Breastfeed Med. 2025;20(6):450-452. PubMed
- Daoudi I, Mabchour A, Rasquin F, Van Bol L, Demols P. Retinal arterial macroaneurysm rupture in a 17-year-old: Could cannabis consumption be a risk factor? J Fr Ophtalmol. 2025:S0181-5512(25)00141-X. PubMed
Turmeric 102 references
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Sharma RA, McLelland HR, Hill KA, et al. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic study of oral Curcuma extract in patients with colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2001;7:1894-900..
- Shah BH, Nawaz Z, Pertani SA. Inhibitory effect of curcumin, a food spice from turmeric, on platelet-activating factor- and arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation through inhibition of thromboxane formation and Ca2+ signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 1 PubMed
- Hata M, Sasaki E, Ota M, et al . Allergic contact dermatitis from curcumin (turmeric). Contact Dermatitis 1997;36:107-8. PubMed
- Kuttan R, Sudheeran PC, Josph CD. Turmeric and curcumin as topical agents in cancer therapy. Tumori 1987;73:29-31.. PubMed
- Thapliyal R, Deshpande SS, Maru GB. Mechanism(s) of turmeric-mediated protective effects against benzo(a)pyrene-derived DNA adducts. Cancer Lett 2002;175:79-88. PubMed
- Lee SW, Nah SS, Byon JS, et al. Transient complete atrioventricular block associated with curcumin intake. Int J Cardiol 2011;150:e50-2. PubMed
- Kuptniratsaikul V, Thanakhumtorn S, Chinswangwatanakul P, et al. Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts in patients with knee osteoarthritis. J Altern Complement Med 2009;15:891-7.
- Carroll RE, Benya RV, Turgeon DK, et al. Phase IIa clinical trial of curcumin for the prevention of colorectal neoplasia. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011;4:354-64. PubMed
- Junyaprasert, V. B., Soonthornchareonnon, N., Thongpraditchote, S., Murakami, T., and Takano, M. Inhibitory effect of Thai plant extracts on P-glycoprotein mediated efflux. Phytother.Res 2006;20(1):79-81. PubMed
- Ampasavate, C., Sotanaphun, U., Phattanawasin, P., and Piyapolrungroj, N. Effects of Curcuma spp. on P-glycoprotein function. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(7):506-512. PubMed
- Hou, X. L., Takahashi, K., Tanaka, K., Tougou, K., Qiu, F., Komatsu, K., Takahashi, K., and Azuma, J. Curcuma drugs and curcumin regulate the expression and function of P-gp in Caco-2 cells in completely opposite ways. Int.J Pharm 6-24-2008;358(1-2):224-2 PubMed
- Choi, B. H., Kim, C. G., Lim, Y., Shin, S. Y., and Lee, Y. H. Curcumin down-regulates the multidrug-resistance mdr1b gene by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/NF kappa B pathway. Cancer Lett. 1-18-2008;259(1):111-118.
- Zhang, W., Tan, T. M., and Lim, L. Y. Impact of curcumin-induced changes in P-glycoprotein and CYP3A expression on the pharmacokinetics of peroral celiprolol and midazolam in rats. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007;35(1):110-115. PubMed
- Limtrakul, P., Chearwae, W., Shukla, S., Phisalphong, C., and Ambudkar, S. V. Modulation of function of three ABC drug transporters, P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), mitoxantrone resistance protein (ABCG2) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (ABCC1) by tetrahydrocu
- Holland, M. L., Panetta, J. A., Hoskins, J. M., Bebawy, M., Roufogalis, B. D., Allen, J. D., and Arnold, J. C. The effects of cannabinoids on P-glycoprotein transport and expression in multidrug resistant cells. Biochem.Pharmacol 4-14-2006;71(8):1146-1154 PubMed
- Tang, X. Q., Bi, H., Feng, J. Q., and Cao, J. G. Effect of curcumin on multidrug resistance in resistant human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901/VCR. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2005;26(8):1009-1016. PubMed
- Nabekura, T., Kamiyama, S., and Kitagawa, S. Effects of dietary chemopreventive phytochemicals on P-glycoprotein function. Biochem.Biophys.Res Commun. 2-18-2005;327(3):866-870. PubMed
- Romiti, N., Tongiani, R., Cervelli, F., and Chieli, E. Effects of curcumin on P-glycoprotein in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Life Sci. 1998;62(25):2349-2358. PubMed
- Yue, G. G., Cheng, S. W., Yu, H., Xu, Z. S., Lee, J. K., Hon, P. M., Lee, M. Y., Kennelly, E. J., Deng, G., Yeung, S. K., Cassileth, B. R., Fung, K. P., Leung, P. C., and Lau, C. B. The role of turmerones on curcumin transportation and P-glycoprotein acti
- Shenouda, N. S., Zhou, C., Browning, J. D., Ansell, P. J., Sakla, M. S., Lubahn, D. B., and MacDonald, R. S. Phytoestrogens in common herbs regulate prostate cancer cell growth in vitro. Nutr.Cancer 2004;49(2):200-208. PubMed
- Appiah-Opong, R., Commandeur, J. N., Vugt-Lussenburg, B., and Vermeulen, N. P. Inhibition of human recombinant cytochrome P450s by curcumin and curcumin decomposition products. Toxicology 6-3-2007;235(1-2):83-91. PubMed
- Hou, X. L., Takahashi, K., Kinoshita, N., Qiu, F., Tanaka, K., Komatsu, K., Takahashi, K., and Azuma, J. Possible inhibitory mechanism of Curcuma drugs on CYP3A4 in 1alpha,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 treated Caco-2 cells. Int.J Pharm 6-7-2007;337(1-2):169-177.
- Valentine, S. P., Le Nedelec, M. J., Menzies, A. R., Scandlyn, M. J., Goodin, M. G., and Rosengren, R. J. Curcumin modulates drug metabolizing enzymes in the female Swiss Webster mouse. Life Sci. 4-11-2006;78(20):2391-2398. PubMed
- Price, R. J., Scott, M. P., Giddings, A. M., Walters, D. G., Stierum, R. H., Meredith, C., and Lake, B. G. Effect of butylated hydroxytoluene, curcumin, propyl gallate and thiabendazole on cytochrome P450 forms in cultured human hepatocytes. Xenobiotica 2 PubMed
- Ganta, S., Devalapally, H., and Amiji, M. Curcumin enhances oral bioavailability and anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel upon administration in nanoemulsion formulation. J Pharm Sci 2010;99(11):4630-4641. PubMed
- Lamb, S. R. and Wilkinson, S. M. Contact allergy to tetrahydrocurcumin. Contact Dermatitis 2003;48(4):227. PubMed
- Joshi, J., Ghaisas, S., Vaidya, A., Vaidya, R., Kamat, D. V., Bhagwat, A. N., and Bhide, S. Early human safety study of turmeric oil (Curcuma longa oil) administered orally in healthy volunteers. J Assoc.Physicians India 2003;51:1055-1060.
- Mahesh, T., Balasubashini, M. S., and Menon, V. P. Effect of photo-irradiated curcumin treatment against oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Med.Food 2005;8(2):251-255. PubMed
- Thompson, D. A. and Tan, B. B. Tetrahydracurcumin-related allergic contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2006;55(4):254-255. PubMed
- Patumraj, S., Wongeakin, N., Sridulyakul, P., Jariyapongskul, A., Futrakul, N., and Bunnag, S. Combined effects of curcumin and vitamin C to protect endothelial dysfunction in the iris tissue of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Clin Hemorheol.Microcirc. 2006;3
- Liddle, M., Hull, C., Liu, C., and Powell, D. Contact urticaria from curcumin. Dermatitis 2006;17(4):196-197. PubMed
- Juan, H., Terhaag, B., Cong, Z., Bi-Kui, Z., Rong-Hua, Z., Feng, W., Fen-Li, S., Juan, S., Jing, T., and Wen-Xing, P. Unexpected effect of concomitantly administered curcumin on the pharmacokinetics of talinolol in healthy Chinese volunteers. Eur.J Clin PubMed
- Murugan, P. and Pari, L. Influence of tetrahydrocurcumin on erythrocyte membrane bound enzymes and antioxidant status in experimental type 2 diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 9-25-2007;113(3):479-486. PubMed
- Seo, K. I., Choi, M. S., Jung, U. J., Kim, H. J., Yeo, J., Jeon, S. M., and Lee, M. K. Effect of curcumin supplementation on blood glucose, plasma insulin, and glucose homeostasis related enzyme activities in diabetic db/db mice. Mol.Nutr.Food Res 2008;5
- Weisberg, S. P., Leibel, R., and Tortoriello, D. V. Dietary curcumin significantly improves obesity-associated inflammation and diabetes in mouse models of diabesity. Endocrinology 2008;149(7):3549-3558. PubMed
- Jain, S. K., Rains, J., Croad, J., Larson, B., and Jones, K. Curcumin supplementation lowers TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 secretion in high glucose-treated cultured monocytes and blood levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, MCP-1, glucose, and glycosylated hemog
- Yu, Y., Hu, S. K., and Yan, H. [The study of insulin resistance and leptin resistance on the model of simplicity obesity rats by curcumin]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi.Xue.Za Zhi. 2008;42(11):818-822.
- Pavithra, B. H., Prakash, N., and Jayakumar, K. Modification of pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin following oral administration of curcumin in rabbits. J Vet.Sci. 2009;10(4):293-297. PubMed
- Yan, Y. D., Kim, D. H., Sung, J. H., Yong, C. S., and Choi, H. G. Enhanced oral bioavailability of docetaxel in rats by four consecutive days of pre-treatment with curcumin. Int J Pharm 10-31-2010;399(1-2):116-120. PubMed
- Epelbaum, R., Schaffer, M., Vizel, B., Badmaev, V., and Bar-Sela, G. Curcumin and gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Nutr Cancer 2010;62(8):1137-1141. PubMed
- Madkor, H. R., Mansour, S. W., and Ramadan, G. Modulatory effects of garlic, ginger, turmeric and their mixture on hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-nicotinamide diabetic rats. Br J Nutr 2011;105(8):1210-1217. PubMed
- Pungcharoenkul, K. and Thongnopnua, P. Effect of different curcuminoid supplement dosages on total in vivo antioxidant capacity and cholesterol levels of healthy human subjects. Phytother Res 2011;25(11):1721-1726.
- Kusuhara, H., Furuie, H., Inano, A., Sunagawa, A., Yamada, S., Wu, C., Fukizawa, S., Morimoto, N., Ieiri, I., Morishita, M., Sumita, K., Mayahara, H., Fujita, T., Maeda, K., and Sugiyama, Y. Pharmacokinetic interaction study of sulphasalazine in healthy
- Mohammadi, A., Sahebkar, A., Iranshahi, M., Amini, M., Khojasteh, R., Ghayour-Mobarhan, M., and Ferns, G. A. Effects of supplementation with curcuminoids on dyslipidemia in obese patients: a randomized crossover trial. Phytother Res 2013;27(3):374-379. PubMed
- Chuengsamarn, S., Rattanamongkolgul, S., Luechapudiporn, R., Phisalaphong, C., and Jirawatnotai, S. Curcumin extract for prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2012;35(11):2121-2127. PubMed
- Goh, C. L. and Ng, S. K. Allergic contact dermatitis to Curcuma longa (turmeric). Contact Dermatitis 1987;17(3):186. PubMed
- Srivastava, R., Puri, V., Srimal, R. C., and Dhawan, B. N. Effect of curcumin on platelet aggregation and vascular prostacyclin synthesis. Arzneimittelforschung. 1986;36(4):715-717.
- Srinivasan, M. Effect of curcumin on blood sugar as seen in a diabetic subject. Indian J Med Sci 1972;26(4):269-270.
- Srivastava, K. C., Bordia, A., and Verma, S. K. Curcumin, a major component of food spice turmeric (Curcuma longa) inhibits aggregation and alters eicosanoid metabolism in human blood platelets. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 1995;52(4):223-227 PubMed
- Oetari, S., Sudibyo, M., Commandeur, J. N., Samhoedi, R., and Vermeulen, N. P. Effects of curcumin on cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase activities in rat liver. Biochem Pharmacol 1-12-1996;51(1):39-45. PubMed
- Kiec-Swierczynska, M. and Krecisz, B. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis due to curcumin food colour in a pasta factory worker. Contact Dermatitis 1998;39(1):30-31. PubMed
- Van Dau N, Ngoc Ham N, Huy Khac D, and et al. The effects of a traditional drug, tumeric (Curcuma longa), and placebo on the healing of duodenal ulcer. Phytomed 1998;5(1):29-34.
- Daveluy A, Géniaux H, Thibaud L, Mallaret M, Miremont-Salamé G, Haramburu F. Probable interaction between an oral vitamin K antagonist and turmeric (Curcuma longa). Therapie. 2014 Nov-Dec;69(6):519-20. PubMed
- Kuptniratsaikul V, Dajpratham P, Taechaarpornkul W, Buntragulpoontawee M, Lukkanapichonchut P, Chootip C, Saengsuwan J, Tantayakom K, Laongpech S. Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts compared with ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthrit
- Madhu K, Chanda K, Saji MJ. Safety and efficacy of Curcuma longa extract in the treatment of painful knee osteoarthritis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Inflammopharmacology 2013;21(2):129-36. PubMed
- Mali AM, Behal R, Gilda SS. Comparative evaluation of 0.1% turmeric mouthwash with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate in prevention of plaque and gingivitis: A clinical and microbiological study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2012;16(3):386-91. PubMed
- Sanmukhani J, Satodia V, Trivedi J, Patel T, Tiwari D, Panchal B, Goel A, Tripathi CB. Efficacy and safety of curcumin in major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Phytother Res 2014;28(4):579-85. PubMed
- Nayeri A, Wu S, Adams E, et al. Acute Calcineurin Inhibitor Nephrotoxicity Secondary to Turmeric Intake: A Case Report. Transplant Proc. 2017;49(1):198-200. PubMed
- Mitchell TM. Correspondence re: Somasundaram et al., Dietary curcumin inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in models of human breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2003;63(16):5165-6; author reply 5166-7.
- Somasundaram S, Edmund NA, Moore DT, Small GW, Shi YY, Orlowski RZ. Dietary curcumin inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in models of human breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2002;62(13):3868-75.
- Haroyan A, Mukuchyan V, Mkrtchyan N, et al. Efficacy and safety of curcumin and its combination with boswellic acid in osteoarthritis: a comparative, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018;18(1):7. PubMed
- Al-Karawi D, Al Mamoori DA, Tayyar Y. The role of curcumin administration in patients with major depressive disorder: Mini meta-analysis of clinical trials. Phytother Res. 2016;30(2):175-83. PubMed
- Neerati P, Devde R, Gangi AK. Evaluation of the effect of curcumin capsules on glyburide therapy in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Phytother Res. 2014;28(12):1796-800. PubMed
- Simental-Mendía LE, Pirro M, Gotto AM Jr, et al. Lipid-modifying activity of curcuminoids: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017:1-10. PubMed
- Fung FY, Wong WH, Ang SK, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled study on the anti-haemostatic effects of Curcuma longa, Angelica sinensis and Panax ginseng. Phytomedicine. 2017;32:88-96. PubMed
- Small GW, Siddarth P, Li Z, et al. Memory and brain amyloid and tau effects of a bioavailable form of curcumin in non-demented adults: A double-blind, placebo-controlled 18-month trial. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2018;26(3):266-277.
- Cruz-Correa M, Hylind LM, Marrero JH, et al. Efficacy and safety of curcumin in treatment of intestinal adenomas in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Gastroenterology. 2018 May 23. Pii:S0016-5085(18)34564-5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
- Rahmani S, Asgary S, Askari G, et al. Treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with curcumin: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2016 Sep;30(9):1540-8. PubMed
- Lopez-Villafuerte L, CLores KH. Contact dermatitis caused by turmeric in a massage oil. Contact Dermatitis. 2016 Jul;75(1):52-3. PubMed
- Lukefahr AL, McEvoy S, Alfafara C, Funk JL. Drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis associated with turmeric dietary supplement use. BMJ Case Rep. 2018. pii: bcr-2018-224611. PubMed
- Medsafe Safety Communication- Turmeric/Curcumin Interaction with Warfarin. April 30, 2018. Accessed at: https://medsafe.govt.nz/safety/EWS/2018/Turmeric.asp.
- Imam Z, Khasawneh M, Jomaa D, Iftikhar H, Sayedahmad Z. Drug induced liver injury attributed to a curcumin supplement. Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2019 Oct 20;2019:6029403. doi: 10.1155/2019/6029403. PubMed
- Chand S, Hair C, Beswick L. A rare case of turmeric-induced hepatotoxicity. Intern Med J. 2020;50(2):258-259. PubMed
- Jiang N, Zhang M, Meng X, Sun B. Effects of Curcumin on the Pharmacokinetics of Amlodipine in Rats and Its Potential Mechanism. Pharm Biol. 2020;58(1):465-468. PubMed
- Lee BS, Bhatia T, Chaya CT, Wen R, Taira MT, Lim BS. Autoimmune Hepatitis Associated With Turmeric Consumption. ACG Case Rep J. 2020;7(3):e00320. PubMed
- Lombardi N, Crescioli G, Maggini V, et al. Acute liver injury following turmeric use in Tuscany: an analysis of the Italian Phytovigilance database and systematic review of case reports. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2020. PubMed
- Suhail FK, Masood U, Sharma A, John S, Dhamoon A. Turmeric supplement induced hepatotoxicity: a rare complication of a poorly regulated substance. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2020;58(3):216-217. PubMed
- Nakagawa Y, Mukai S, Yamada S, et al. The efficacy and safety of highly-bioavailable curcumin for treating knee osteoarthritis: a 6-month open-labeled prospective study. Clin Med Insights Arthritis Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;13:1179544120948471. PubMed
- Shafabakhsh R, Asemi Z, Reiner Z, Soleimani A, Aghadavod E, Bahmani F. The effects of nano-curcumin on metabolic status in patients with diabetes on hemodialysis, a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2020;14(4):290-9.
- Allegri P, Rosa R, Masala A, et al. Clinical effectiveness of a new oral curcumin formulation in acute non-infectious uveitic macular edema: a 12-month observational study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022;26(1):46-53.
- Tsai IC, Hsu CW, Chang CH, Tseng PT, Chang KV. The effect of curcumin differs on individual cognitive domains across different patient populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021;14(12):1235. PubMed
- Alam MA, Bin Jardan YA, Raish M, Al-Mohizea AM, Ahad A, Al-Jenoobi FI. Herb-drug interaction: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-hypertensive drug amlodipine besylate in presence of lepidium sativum and curcuma longa. Xenobiotica 2022;1-9.
- Sohal A, Alhankawi D, Sandhu S, Chintanaboina J. Turmeric-induced hepatotoxicity: Report of 2 cases. Int Med Case Rep J 2021;14:849-852. PubMed
- Hussaarts KGAM, Hurkmans DP, Oomen-de Hoop E, et al. Impact of curcumin (with or without piperine) on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(3):403. PubMed
- Kalluru H, Mallayasamy SR, Kondaveeti SS, Chandrasekhar V, Kalachaveedu M. Effect of turmeric supplementation on the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel in breast cancer patients: A study with population pharmacokinetics approach. Phytother Res 2022;36(4):1761 PubMed
- 109288 Halegoua-DeMarzio D, Navarro V, Ahmad J, et al. Liver injury associated with turmeric-A growing problem: Ten cases from the drug-induced liver injury network [DILIN]. Am J Med. 2022:S0002-9343(22)00740-9. PubMed
- Arzallus T, Izagirre A, Castiella A, Torrente S, Garmendia M, Zapata EM. Drug induced autoimmune hepatitis after turmeric intake. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023. PubMed
- Gilad O, Rosner G, Ivancovsky-Wajcman D, et al. Efficacy of wholistic turmeric supplement on adenomatous polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis-A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Genes (Basel) 2022;13(12):2182. PubMed
- Ahad A, Raish M, Abdelrahman IA, et al. Changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of losartan in experimental diseased rats treated with Curcuma longa and Lepidium sativum. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022;16(1):33. PubMed
- Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
- Pochet S, Lechon AS, Lescrainier C, et al. Herb-anticancer drug interactions in real life based on VigiBase, the WHO global database. Sci Rep 2022;12(1):14178. PubMed
- Kou H, Huang L, Jin M, He Q, Zhang R, Ma J. Effect of curcumin on rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2023;14:1121655. PubMed
- Qiu L, Gao C, Wang H, et al. Effects of dietary polyphenol curcumin supplementation on metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress indices in patients with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front PubMed
- Sato T, Yagi A, Yamauchi M, et al. The use of an antioxidant enables accurate evaluation of the interaction of curcumin on organic anion-transporting polypeptides 4C1 by preventing auto-oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2024;25(2):991. PubMed
- Washington O, Robinson E, Simh D, et al. Oxalate nephropathy and chronic turmeric supplementation: a case report. J Bras Nefrol 2024;46(1):99-106. PubMed
- Munshi R, Karande-Patil S, Kumbhar D, Deshmukh A, Hingorani L. A randomized, controlled, comparative, proof-of-concept study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Nisha-Amalaki capsules in prediabetic patients for preventing progression to diabetes. J Ay PubMed
- Sharifi Razavi A, Mohajerani F, Niksolat F, Karimi N. Efficacy of topical curcumin on mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Pain Med 2024;25(5):327-333. PubMed
- Yaikwawong M, Jansarikit L, Jirawatnotai S, Chuengsamarn S. Curcumin Reduces Depression in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024;16(15):2414. PubMed
- Tehrani SD, Hosseini A, Shahzamani M, et al. Evaluation of the effectiveness of curcumin and piperine co-supplementation on inflammatory factors, cardiac biomarkers, atrial fibrillation, and clinical outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Cl PubMed
- Yaikwawong M, Jansarikit L, Jirawatnotai S, Chuengsamarn S. The Effect of Curcumin on Reducing Atherogenic Risks in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024;16(15):2441. PubMed
- Dibaei M, Hosseini A, Lavasani H, Kiani-Dehkordi B, Rouini M. Assessment of metabolic interaction between curcumin and tramadol using the isolated perfused rat liver. Heliyon 2024;10(15):e35070. PubMed
Boswellia Serrata 16 references
- Gupta I, Gupta V, Parihar A, et al. Effects of Boswellia serrata gum resin in patients with bronchial asthma: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week clinical study. Eur J Med Res 1998;3:511-4.
- Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
- Kimmatkar N, Thawani V, Hingorani L, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of Boswellia serrata extract in treatment of osteoarthritis of knee--a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. Phytomedicine 2003;10:3-7. PubMed
- Liu JJ, Nilsson A, Oredsson S, et al. Boswellic acids trigger apoptosis via a pathway dependent on caspase-8 activation but independent on Fas/Fas ligand interaction in colon cancer HT-29 cells. Carcinogenesis 2002;23:2087-93. PubMed
- Wildfeuer A, Neu IS, Safayhi H, et al. Effects of boswellic acids extracted from a herbal medicine on the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Arzneimittelforschung 1998;48:668-74.
- Gupta I, Parihar A, Malhotra P, et al. Effects of gum resin of Boswellia serrata in patients with chronic colitis. Planta Med 2001;67:391-5. PubMed
- Sengupta K, Alluri KV, Satish AR, et al. A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled study of the efficacy and safety of 5-Loxin. Arthritis Res Ther 2008;10:R85.
- Sengupta K, Krishnaraju AV, Vishal AA, et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 5-Loxin and Aflapin against osteoarthritis of the knee: a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical study. Int J Med Sci 2010;7:366-77.
- Ernst E. Frankincense: systematic review. BMJ 2008;337:a2813. PubMed
- Kirste S, Treier M, Wehrle SJ, et al. Boswellia serratea extract acts on cerebral edema in patients irradiated for brain tumors: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot trial. Cancer 2011;117:3788-95.
- Frank A, Unger M. Analysis of frankincense from various Boswellia species with inhibitory activity on human drug metabolising cytochrome P450 enzymes using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry after automated on-line extraction. J Chromatogr A 2006;111 PubMed
- Altmann A, Poeckel D, Fischer L, et al. Coupling of boswellic acid-incuded Ca2+ mobilisation and MAPK activation to lipid metabolism and peroxide formation in human leucocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2004;141:223-32.
- El Fortia, M., Badi, H., Elalem, Kh, Kadiki, O., and Topov, Y. Olibanum bezoar: complication of a traditional popular medicine. East Mediterr.Health J 2006;12(6):927-929.
- Meshkat S, Mahmoodi Baram S, Rajaei S, et al. Boswellia serrata extract shows cognitive benefits in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial in individuals who suffered traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2022;36(4):553-559. PubMed
- Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
- Valente IVB, Garcia D, Abbott A, et al. The anti-proliferative effects of a frankincense extract in a window of opportunity phase ia clinical trial for patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024;204(3):521-530. PubMed
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC