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Ginger is a spice native to Asia and part of the Zingiberaceae family. It has a pungent, spicy flavor and is often used to add flavor to dishes and drinks. Ginger has a long history of use in traditional medicine and is believed to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other medicinal properties. It is commonly used to treat nausea, motion sickness, and other digestive issues. Ginger is also sometimes used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. Ginger supplements generally standardize several compounds found in the root, and are often labeled as containing a certain amount of 'ginger root extract'.

Hesperidin is a type of flavonoid, commonly referred to as a 'bioflavonoid', that found in a variety of plants, especially citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons. It is a natural compound and is used in traditional medicine for reducing inflammation, lowering blood pressure, and improving blood flow. It may also have antioxidant and antiviral properties. It is commonly used in dietary supplements. Although data is mixed, it may also have mild sedative effects.

Butcher's broom (Ruscus aculeatus) is a plant species in the lily family that is native to Europe and parts of Asia. It is a low-growing evergreen shrub with small, spiky leaves, clusters of small, greenish flowers and small red berries. Butcher's broom, specifically the rhizomes (underground stems) and roots, has been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of conditions, including circulation problems, kidney issues, and varicose veins. It is thought to have anti-inflammatory, laxative and vasoconstrictive properties and is a popular dietary supplement, often marketed to improve circulation and reduce swelling.

Bilberry is a small, perennial shrub that belongs to the Ericaceae family and is native to Europe, the northern United States, and Canada. It is known for its small, dark purple berries, which are similar in appearance to blueberries. The name bilberry is derived from the Danish word 'bollebar', meaning "dark berry". Bilberry is high in antioxidants, including flavonoids, and are a good source of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C, vitamin E, and manganese. Bilberry has a long history of use in traditional medicine and is claimed to have a number of potential health benefits, including improving vision, reducing inflammation, and treating diarrhea.

Mullein is a biennial flowering plant commonly found in temperate and subtropical mountain regions, known for its tall flower stem, which can reach up to 2 meters in height. It has been utilized in traditional folk medicine for its potential benefits in treating respiratory disorders and gastroenteritis. In various cultures, infusions made from mullein leaves and stems have been employed to alleviate these health issues. Notably, the leaves and flowers of mullein have been historically employed to address respiratory conditions.