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Dietary supplement

Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Force Factor

Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol is a dietary supplement by Force Factor with 17 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for zinc deficiency, immune support, cold symptoms.Based on those ingredients, 1,617 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Melatonin, Vitamin D, Cranberry fruit extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol by Force Factor

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol by Force Factor — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol by Force Factor

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 12 of its 17 active ingredients.
  • “Rest and Relaxation Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (254 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Prostate Size Support Matrix” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (322 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Flow Enhancement Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (197 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Truflow contains 17 ingredients, including key minerals, herbal extracts, and nutritional compounds. The active ingredients are zinc, vitamin D, manganese, molybdenum, sodium copper chlorophyllin, copper, vanadium, GABA, a probiotic yeast (Saccharomyces boulardii, labeled as Lalmin Se1000), stinging nettle extract, pumpkin seed extract, saw palmetto fruit extract, boron, cranberry fruit extract, beta-sitosterol, melatonin, and African plum tree extract (pygeum).

These are blended with inactive ingredients including gelatin, sunflower oil, glycerin, beeswax, sunflower lecithin, and water in a softgel capsule form.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Prostate health and urinary support for men.
  • We looked for evidence on: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Nocturia, Urinary frequency, Prostate enlargement.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Pygeum is rated "Likely Effective" for Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Beta-sitosterol is rated "Likely Effective" for Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  • Also on file: Pumpkin is rated "Possibly Effective" for Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

The evidence for this product's ingredients varies widely. Beta-sitosterol is likely effective for benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate), and saw palmetto has possibly effective evidence for prostate symptoms in one specific condition (transurethral resection recovery), though it may be ineffective for general prostate enlargement.

Melatonin is likely effective for sleep disorders like delayed sleep phase syndrome. Cranberry extract is possibly effective for urinary tract infections.

However, many ingredients have insufficient evidence—stinging nettle for diabetes and allergies, zinc for acne, pumpkin seed for prostate health, and boron for athletic performance are all rated insufficient or possibly ineffective. The evidence base for this combination as a whole is not established in our data.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Zinc Vitamin D Manganese Molybdenum Copper Saccharomyces Boulardii Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba) Melatonin

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 17 of the 17 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 17 of 17.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 17 of 17.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Most ingredients are generally well tolerated at recommended doses, though some carry cautions. Zinc is safe below 40 mg daily but can cause nausea, diarrhea, and metallic taste at higher doses; long-term high doses risk copper deficiency.

Vitamin D is safe at recommended levels but very high doses over time can cause toxicity with symptoms of excess calcium. Manganese at high doses poses a risk of nerve damage similar to Parkinson's disease.

Saw palmetto is well tolerated overall, though rarely it has caused bleeding, heart rhythm changes, and acne worsening—and it is not safe in pregnancy. Melatonin is generally well tolerated short-term but long-term safety is less certain.

Stinging nettle and cranberry are generally well tolerated but have insufficient safety data in pregnancy and breastfeeding, so they should be avoided without medical guidance. Vanadium supplements should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding, and chlorophyllin (sodium copper chlorophyllin) also carries insufficient pregnancy/breastfeeding data.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Zinc Vitamin D Manganese Molybdenum Copper Saccharomyces Boulardii Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba) Melatonin

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 13 of the 17 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Manganese, Saccharomyces Boulardii, Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba), Chlorophyllin, Stinging Nettle, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; seizure medications; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,618 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check your medications against these drug types: blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs (warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel—Plavix), which carry Major-level bleeding risk with saw palmetto and melatonin; quinolone and tetracycline antibiotics, which interact with zinc; heart rhythm medications (verapamil, diltiazem, digoxin, nifedipine); antidiabetes drugs; anticonvulsants; lithium; and immunosuppressant drugs. If you're unsure about any medication, use the checker below to search your specific drug name.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is marketed for prostate and urinary flow support, with the strongest evidence behind beta-sitosterol and melatonin for their respective uses. However, if you take blood thinners, antibiotics, heart medications, diabetes drugs, lithium, or antiseizure medications, check this product against your exact prescriptions before starting—the interaction list is extensive.

Saw palmetto and several other ingredients are not safe in pregnancy. Talk to your pharmacist before taking this product, especially if you take any prescription medications or have a medical condition.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 17 of 17 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Apr 11, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol, straight from the product label.

Brand Force Factor
Barcode (UPC) 818594013661
Net contents 30 Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Apr 11, 2022
DSLD ID 260830
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult Male (18-50 Years), Seniors/Mature (>50 Years) - Men ONLY
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol by Force Factor, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Softgel(s)
Servings per container
15
UPC/BARCODE
818594013661
IngredientAmount% DV
Zinc15 mg100%
Vitamin D400 IU100%
Manganese3 mg150%
Molybdenum80 mcg106%
Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin0 NP--
Copper4 mg200%
Vanadium2 mg--
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid250 mg--
Lalmin Se100080 mcg114%
Stinging Nettle extract0 NP--
Pumpkin seed extract0 NP--
Saw Palmetto Fruit Extract320 mg--
Boron4 mcg--
Cranberry fruit extract0 NP--
Beta-Sitosterol60 mg--
Rest and Relaxation Blend254 mg--
Melatonin4 mg--
African Plum Tree Extract0 NP--
Prostate Size Support Matrix322 mg--
Flow Enhancement Blend197 mg--

Other ingredients: Gelatin, Sunflower Oil, Glycerin, Beeswax, Sunflower Lecithin, Water

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Get The Support You Need With every year that passes, prostate issues become a growing concern for millions of men. Needless to say, it's critical that you take care of your aging prostate. Dissatisfied with the limited efficacy of prostate supplements on the market, the scientists at Force Factor formulated a more optimal solution using only the highest quality ingredients. The result is TruFlow", a premium prostate health remedy that helps you sleep soundly through the night, with fewer urges to use the bathroom, and deeper, more restorative slumber - plus better urinary flow throughout the day, and round-the-clock size support. Now you can finally reduce discomfort and dribbling, get the rest you deserve, and improve your prostate health. Male Vitality Trifecta Complete the ultimate men's health stack by adding Force Factor's Alpha King" and SCORE!” to your TruFlow regimen for a prostate-safe boost of free testosterone and stiff jolt of passion to your sex life.

The Latest Science For Superior Relief Late night trips to the bathroom can leave both you and your partner feeling groggy in the morning. With a unique combination of compounds to help relieve the sudden urge to go, plus time-tested sleep ingredients to help optimize your circadian rhythm, TruFlow" will help you wake refreshed and ready to tackle your day.

Alleviate nighttime urination Sleep better & wake rested Promote normal prostate size

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Complete the ultimate men's health stack by adding Force Factor's Alpha King" and SCORE!” to your TruFlow regimen for a prostate-safe boost of free testosterone and stiff jolt of passion to your sex life.

Directions Take 2 softgels daily, 30-60 minutes before bed.

Formula

Contains Lalmin Se

Two powerful blends address the #1 frustrating symptom of an aging prostate: having to get up at night to use the bathroom. The Flow Enhancement Complex contains beta-sitosterol, cranberry fruit extract, and traditional herbs to support urinary flow so you can fully empty your bladder for relief when you need it most. The Rest and Relaxation Blend includes a precisely dosed 4 mg of melatonin, plus gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), to help you sleep undisturbed by the annoying impulse to use the bathroom. TruFlow's unique Prostate Size Support Matrix, led by a scientifically studied 320 mg of saw palmetto extract, helps maintain a normal prostate size, giving you peace of mind as you and your prostate age.

Uncompromising prostate support

Saw palmetto & beta-sitosterol

General Statements

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Speak with one of our experts 1-800-938-4231

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Precautions

Keep out of reach of children.

For adult use only.

Do not drive, operate machinery, or consume alcohol while using TruFlow.

Allergen Warning: Manufactured by equipment which processes products containing milk, eggs, soybeans, wheat, shellfish, fish oil, tree nuts, and peanut flavor.

Precautions: Use only as directed.

Consult a healthcare professional before use if you are pregnant or nursing, have a medical condition, or use prescription medications.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place. Protect from heat, light, and moisture.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Seals/Symbols

Proudly manufactured in the U.S. from foreign and domestic ingredients.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol by Force Factor label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol by Force Factor

These are the 17 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container15 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Zinc

Interacts with
67 drugs
15 mg per serving Form: Zinc Oxide

Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but suppleme...

Zinc monograph & interactions

Vitamin D

Interacts with
715 drugs
400 IU per serving Form: Cholecalciferol

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and is important for healthy bones, muscles, and immune function. Many people,...

Vitamin D monograph & interactions

Manganese

Interacts with
83 drugs
3 mg per serving Form: Manganese Amino Acid Chelate

Manganese is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for bone formation, metabolism, and antioxidant defense, and most people get...

Manganese monograph & interactions

Molybdenum

No known
interactions
80 mcg per serving Form: Molybdenum Amino Acid Chelate

Molybdenum is an essential trace mineral your body needs in tiny amounts to help certain enzymes work. Most people get enough from a normal diet, so s...

Molybdenum monograph & interactions

Copper

Interacts with
31 drugs
4 mg per serving Form: Copper Amino Acid Chelate

Copper is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for making red blood cells, supporting nerves and bones, and helping enzymes wor...

Copper monograph & interactions

Lalmin Se1000

Interacts with
40 drugs
80 mcg per serving Form: Selenium

Saccharomyces boulardii is a beneficial yeast used as a probiotic, with the strongest evidence for preventing and treating certain types of diarrhea,...

Lalmin Se1000 monograph & interactions

Rest and Relaxation Blend

254 mg per serving

Prostate Size Support Matrix

322 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin, Sunflower Oil, Glycerin, Beeswax, Sunflower Lecithin, Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol by Force Factor Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,617Drugs
1,565 Moderate 52 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Melatonin 1,461
Vitamin D 715
Cranberry fruit extract 712
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 419
Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin 335

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol interact with 1,617 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

13 of the 17 ingredients in Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Melatonin Vitamin D Cranberry fruit extract Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin Vanadium Saw Palmetto Fruit Extract Stinging Nettle extract Manganese Zinc Lalmin Se1000 Copper Pumpkin seed extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Melatonin18 drug types · 1,461 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, melatonin may have anticoagulant effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
There are isolated case reports of minor bleeding and decreased prothrombin activity in people taking melatonin with warfarin (Coumadin). The mechanism, if any, of this interaction is unknown. Taking melatonin orally seems to decrease coagulation activity within one hour of dosing in healthy men.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Anticonvulsants

Theoretically, melatonin may reduce the effects of anticonvulsants. Some clinical research suggests that melatonin may increase the frequency of seizures in certain patients, particularly children with neurological impairment.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking melatonin with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Some clinical research shows that melatonin reduces levels of fasting blood glucose and improves glycemic control. However, other research suggests that melatonin might impair glucose utilization and increase insulin resistance, while other research has found no effect on glucose levels. Until more is known, use melatonin cautiously in combination with antidiabetes drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking melatonin with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension or hypertension.
Some clinical research suggests that taking melatonin decreases blood pressure in healthy adults. Also, melatonin seems to lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure in individuals with high blood pressure at nighttime or untreated essential hypertension. However, melatonin seems to worsen blood pressure in patients who are taking antihypertensive medications. Immediate-release melatonin 5 mg at night in combination with nifedipine GITS (Procardia XL) increases systolic blood pressure an average of 6.5 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure by an average of 4.9 mmHg, and heart rate by 3.9 bpm. Also, results from animal research suggest that melatonin reduces the effectiveness of certain antihypertensive drugs, including methoxamine and clonidine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Caffeine

Theoretically, taking caffeine with melatonin might increase levels of melatonin.
Some evidence suggests that caffeine consumption can decrease endogenous melatonin levels, while other evidence suggests that caffeine increases endogenous melatonin levels. When administered in combination with melatonin supplements, caffeine seems to increase melatonin effects and levels. The reason for this discrepancy is not completely clear. Part of the discrepancy may result from the fact that caffeine can inhibit melatonin synthesis as well as inhibit melatonin metabolism. By functioning as an adenosine receptor antagonist, caffeine may indirectly inhibit the synthesis of melatonin. Conversely, because melatonin and caffeine are both metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) enzyme, concomitant use of melatonin and caffeine may reduce the metabolism of melatonin, resulting in higher serum levels.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, taking melatonin might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Melatonin has sedative effects. Theoretically, concomitant use of melatonin with alcohol, benzodiazepines, or other sedative drugs might cause additive sedation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Theoretically, taking contraceptive drugs with melatonin might increase the effects and adverse effects of melatonin.
Contraceptive drugs can increase the levels of endogenous melatonin. Theoretically, these drugs may increase the effects and adverse effects of oral melatonin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, melatonin might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2. Also, other CYP1A2 substrates might decrease the metabolism of melatonin, increasing melatonin levels.
Melatonin is metabolized in the liver primarily by the CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 enzymes. Theoretically, combined administration of melatonin with drugs metabolized by the CYP1A2 enzyme might reduce the metabolism of these drugs, resulting in increased serum levels. Conversely, some drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 may inhibit the metabolism of melatonin, resulting in increased serum levels of melatonin. Until more is known, use melatonin cautiously in patients taking drugs metabolized by these enzymes.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, melatonin might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19. Also, other CYP2C19 substrates might decrease the metabolism of melatonin, increasing melatonin levels.
Melatonin is metabolized in the liver primarily by the CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 enzymes. Theoretically, combined administration of melatonin with certain drugs metabolized by the CYP2C19 enzyme may reduce the metabolism of these drugs, resulting in increased serum levels. Conversely, some drugs metabolized by CYP2C19 may inhibit the metabolism of melatonin, resulting in increased serum levels of melatonin. Until more is known, use melatonin cautiously in patients taking drugs metabolized by these enzymes.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Fluvoxamine (Luvox)

Theoretically, taking fluvoxamine with melatonin might increase levels of melatonin.
Fluvoxamine can significantly increase melatonin levels. In some cases, fluvoxamine might increase bioavailability of exogenously administered melatonin by up to 20 times. Some researchers think this might be a beneficial interaction and be potentially useful for cases of refractory insomnia. However, this interaction might also cause unwanted excessive drowsiness and possibly other adverse effects. Fluvoxamine is known to increase endogenous melatonin secretion. It seems to increase serum levels of exogenously administered melatonin possibly by decreasing melatonin metabolism by inhibiting cytochrome P450 (CYP450) 1A2 and 2C19 or by inhibiting melatonin elimination. This effect has been found in healthy people taking fluvoxamine 50-75 mg and melatonin 5 mg.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, melatonin might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Melatonin can stimulate immune function. Theoretically, melatonin might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Methamphetamine (Desoxyn)

Theoretically, taking melatonin with methamphetamine may increase the adverse effects of methamphetamine.
Animal research suggests that melatonin exacerbates the adverse effects of methamphetamine, resulting in greater depression of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity, as well as a significant reduction in dopamine levels. This has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Nifedipine Gits (Procardia Xl)

Theoretically, taking melatonin with extended release nifedipine reduces the effects of nifedipine.
Melatonin can decrease the effectiveness of extended release nifedipine (GITS). Immediate-release melatonin 5 mg at night in combination with nifedipine GITS 30-60 mg daily increases systolic and blood pressure by an average of 6.5 mmHg and 4.9 mmHg, respectively. Concomitant use with melatonin also increases heart rate by 3.9 bpm. The mechanism of this interaction is not known.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Seizure Threshold Lowering Drugs

Theoretically, taking melatonin with drugs that lower the seizure threshold might increase the risk of seizure activity.
Some clinical evidence suggests that melatonin may increase the frequency of seizures in certain patients, particularly children with neurological disabilities.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, melatonin may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Three cases of increased prothrombin time have been reported for patients aged 48-72 years who took melatonin orally in combination with warfarin. However, three cases of decreased prothrombin time have also been reported for patients aged 51-84 years who took melatonin orally in combination with warfarin. Until more is known, use melatonin cautiously in patients taking warfarin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, melatonin might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Laboratory research suggests that certain lots of melatonin inhibit CYP2D6. Theoretically, combined administration of melatonin with certain drugs metabolized by the CYP2D6 enzyme may reduce the metabolism of these drugs, resulting in increased serum levels. Until more is known, use melatonin cautiously in patients taking drugs metabolized by these enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, melatonin might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Laboratory research shows that certain lots of melatonin inhibit CYP3A4. Theoretically, combined administration of melatonin with certain drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 may reduce the metabolism of these drugs, resulting in increased serum levels. Until more is known, use melatonin cautiously in patients taking drugs metabolized by these enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Flumazenil (Romazicon)

Theoretically, taking flumazenil with melatonin might reduce the effects of melatonin.
Animal research shows that flumazenil may inhibit the effect of melatonin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Melatonin full monograph & interactions

Vitamin D8 drug types · 715 drugs

Aluminum

Vitamin D might increase aluminum absorption and toxicity, but this has only been reported in people with renal failure.
The protein that transports calcium across the intestinal wall can also bind and transport aluminum. This protein is stimulated by vitamin D, which may therefore increase aluminum absorption. This mechanism may contribute to increased aluminum levels and toxicity in people with renal failure, when they take vitamin D and aluminum-containing phosphate binders chronically.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Vitamin D might reduce absorption of atorvastatin.
A small, low-quality clinical study shows that taking vitamin D reduces levels of atorvastatin and its active metabolites by up to 55%. However, while atorvastatin levels decreased, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels did not substantially change. Atorvastatin is metabolized in the gut by CYP3A4 enzymes, and researchers theorized that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4, causing reduced levels of atorvastatin. However, this proposed mechanism was not specifically studied.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Calcipotriene (Dovonex)

Taking calcipotriene with vitamin D increases the risk for hypercalcemia.
Calcipotriene is a vitamin D analog used topically for psoriasis. It can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to cause systemic effects, including hypercalcemia. Theoretically, combining calcipotriene with vitamin D supplements might increase the risk of hypercalcemia.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can increase the risk of arrhythmia from digoxin.
High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia increases the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias with digoxin. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and digoxin concurrently.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Others)

Theoretically, hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can reduce the therapeutic effects of diltiazem for arrhythmia.
High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically this could also occur with diltiazem. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and diltiazem concurrently.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Thiazide Diuretics

Theoretically, taking thiazide diuretics and high-dose vitamin D can increase the risk of hypercalcemia.
Thiazide diuretics decrease urinary calcium excretion, which could lead to hypercalcemia if vitamin D supplements are taken concurrently. This has been reported in people being treated with vitamin D for hypoparathyroidism, and also in elderly people with normal parathyroid function who were taking a thiazide, vitamin D, and calcium-containing antacids daily.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Verapamil (Calan, Others)

Hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can reduce the therapeutic effects of verapamil for arrhythmia.
Hypercalcemia due to high doses of vitamin D can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and verapamil concurrently.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
There is some concern that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4. In vitro research suggests that vitamin D induces CYP3A4 transcription. Additionally, observational research has found that increased UV light exposure and serum vitamin D levels are associated with decreased serum levels of CYP3A4 substrates such as tacrolimus and sirolimus, while no association between UV light exposure or vitamin D levels and levels of mycophenolic acid, a non-CYP3A4 substrate, was found. A small, low-quality clinical study shows that taking vitamin D reduces levels of the CYP3A4 substrate atorvastatin and its active metabolites by up to 55%; however, the clinical effects of atorvastatin were not reduced. While researchers theorized that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4, this proposed mechanism was not specifically studied.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Vitamin D full monograph & interactions

Cranberry fruit extract6 drug types · 712 drugs

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Theoretically, cranberry might increase levels and adverse effects of atorvastatin.
In one case report, a patient taking atorvastatin experienced upper back pain, rhabdomyolysis, and abnormal liver function after drinking cranberry juice 16 ounces daily for 2 weeks. Theoretically, this may have been caused by inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes by cranberry juice, as atorvastatin is a CYP3A4 substrate. Creatinine kinase and liver enzymes normalized within 2 weeks of stopping cranberry juice. Patients taking atorvastatin should avoid large quantities of cranberry juice.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
A case of upper back pain, rhabdomyolysis, and abnormal liver function has been reported for a patient taking atorvastatin, a CYP3A4 substrate, in combination with cranberry juice 16 ounces daily for 2 weeks. Creatinine kinase and liver enzymes normalized within 2 weeks of stopping cranberry juice. Also, animal research suggests that cranberry juice, administered intraduodenally 30 minutes prior to nifedipine, a CYP3A4 substrate, inhibits nifedipine metabolism and increases the area under the concentration-time curve by 1.6-fold compared to control.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Nifedipine (Procardia)

Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of nifedipine.
Animal research suggests that cranberry juice, administered intraduodenally 30 minutes prior to nifedipine treatment, inhibits nifedipine metabolism and increases the area under the concentration-time curve by 1.6-fold compared to control. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of warfarin. However, research is conflicting.
There is contradictory evidence about the effect of cranberry juice on warfarin. Case reports have linked cranberry juice consumption to increases in the international normalized ratio (INR) in patients taking warfarin, resulting in severe spontaneous bleeding and excessive postoperative bleeding. Daily consumption of cranberry sauce for one week has also been linked to an increase in INR in one case report. In a small study in healthy young males, taking a high dose of 3 grams of cranberry juice concentrate capsules, equivalent to 57 grams of fruit daily, for 2 weeks produced a 30% increase in the area under the INR-time curve after a single 25-mg dose of warfarin. However, 3 very small clinical studies in patients stabilized on warfarin reported that cranberry juice 250 mL once or twice daily for 7 days (27% cranberry juice or pure cranberry juice) or 240 mL once daily for 14 days does not significantly increase INR or affect plasma warfarin levels. The reasons for these discrepant findings are unclear. It is possible that the form and dose of cranberry may play a role, as cranberry extracts and juices contain different constituents. Additionally, an in vitro study evaluating 5 different cranberry juices found varying effects, with only a cranberry concentrate, and not diluted cranberry juices, inhibiting CYP2C9. However, this concentrate did not inhibit CYP2C9 activity in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C9 substrates. However, research is conflicting.
There is contradictory evidence about the effect of cranberry on CYP2C9 enzymes. In vitro evidence suggests that flavonoids in cranberry inhibit CYP2C9 enzymes. However, clinical research shows that cranberry juice does not significantly affect the levels, metabolism, or elimination of the CYP2C9 substrates flurbiprofen or diclofenac. Also, in patients stabilized on warfarin, drinking cranberry juice 250 mL daily for 7 days does not significantly increase the anticoagulant activity of warfarin, a CYP2C9 substrate. Additional pharmacokinetic research shows that cranberry juice does not increase peak plasma concentrations or area under the concentration-time curve of warfarin.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Diclofenac (Voltaren, Others)

Theoretically, cranberry might modestly increase the levels and adverse effects of diclofenac.
In vitro evidence suggests that cranberry juice inhibits diclofenac metabolism by human liver microsomes. However, drinking cranberry juice does not seem to affect diclofenac metabolism in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Cranberry fruit extract full monograph & interactions

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid2 drug types · 419 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking GABA with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Some clinical research shows that GABA can decrease blood pressure in patients with hypertension.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, GABA might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants. However, it is unclear if this concern is clinically relevant.
Endogenous GABA has well-established relaxant effects and GABA(A) receptors have an established physiological role in sleep. However, the effects of GABA supplements are unclear, as it is unknown whether exogenous GABA crosses the blood-brain barrier. Although there have been limited reports of drowsiness or tiredness with GABA supplements, these effects have not been widely reported in clinical studies. Additionally, intravenous GABA 0.1-1 mg/kg has been shown to induce anxiety in a dose-dependent manner.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid full monograph & interactions

Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin1 drug type · 335 drugs

Photosensitizing Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of chlorophyllin with photosensitizing drugs may have additive effects.
Chlorophyllin is a semi-synthetic derivative of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll has been reported to cause photosensitization. Orally, chlorophyll has also been associated with the development of pseudoporphyria in multiple case reports.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin full monograph & interactions

Vanadium2 drug types · 208 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, vanadium might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that the sodium orthovanadate form of vanadium prolongs clotting time, likely through inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, vanadium might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
A few very small clinical studies in patients with type 2 diabetes show that the vanadyl sulfate form of vanadium increases insulin sensitivity and might lower blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Vanadium full monograph & interactions

Saw Palmetto Fruit Extract3 drug types · 174 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Saw palmetto is reported to prolong bleeding time. Theoretically, it might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Saw palmetto might reduce the effectiveness of contraceptive drugs.
Saw palmetto might have antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, it might interfere with contraceptive drugs taken concomitantly.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Estrogens

Saw palmetto might reduce the effectiveness of estrogens.
Saw palmetto might have antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, it might interfere with estrogens taken concomitantly.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Saw Palmetto Fruit Extract full monograph & interactions

Stinging Nettle extract4 drug types · 164 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Clinical research shows that stinging nettle might decrease blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, combining stinging nettle with diuretic drugs may have additive effects.
Animal research suggests that the above ground parts and roots of stinging nettle may have a diuretic effect.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, stinging nettle might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Animal research suggests that stinging nettle has diuretic and natriuretic properties, which could alter the excretion of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

There is some concern that stinging nettle might decrease the effects of anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin.
Stinging nettle contains a significant amount of vitamin K. When taken in large quantities, this might interfere with the activity of warfarin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Stinging Nettle extract full monograph & interactions

Manganese3 drug types · 83 drugs

Antipsychotic Drugs

Theoretically, the risk for manganese toxicity might increase when taken with antipsychotic drugs.
Hallucinations and behavioral changes have been reported in a patient with liver disease who was taking haloperidol and manganese. Researchers speculate that taking manganese along with haloperidol, phenothiazine-derivatives, or other antipsychotic medications might increase the risk of manganese toxicity in some patients.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Quinolone Antibiotics

Theoretically, manganese might reduce the absorption of quinolone antibiotics.
Manganese is a multivalent cation. Interactions resulting in reduced quinolone absorption have been reported between quinolones and other multivalent cations, such as calcium and iron.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, manganese might reduce the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics.
Manganese is a multivalent cation. Interactions resulting in reduced tetracycline absorption have been reported between tetracyclines and other multivalent cations, such as calcium and iron.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Manganese full monograph & interactions

Zinc10 drug types · 67 drugs

Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)

Theoretically, zinc might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after zinc containing products.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Cephalexin (Keflex)

Zinc might decrease cephalexin levels by chelating with cephalexin in the gut and preventing its absorption.
A pharmacokinetic study shows that zinc sulfate 250 mg taken concomitantly with cephalexin 500 mg decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 31% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 27%. Also, taking zinc sulfate 3 hours before cephalexin decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 11% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 18%. By decreasing cephalexin levels, zinc might increase the risk of treatment failure. This effect does not occur when zinc is taken 3 hours after the cephalexin dose. To avoid an interaction, advise patients take zinc sulfate 3 hours after taking cephalexin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)

Theoretically, zinc might interfere with the therapeutic effects of cisplatin.
Animal research suggests that zinc stimulates tumor cell production of the protein metallothionein, which binds and inactivates cisplatin. It is not known whether zinc supplements or high dietary zinc intake can cause clinically significant interference with cisplatin therapy. Cisplatin might also increase zinc excretion.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Integrase Inhibitors

Theoretically, taking zinc along with integrase inhibitors might decrease the levels and clinical effects of these drugs.
Zinc is a divalent cation. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that other divalent cations such as calcium and iron can decrease blood levels of the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir through chelation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)

Zinc might reduce the levels and clinical effects of penicillamine.
By forming an insoluble complex with penicillamine, zinc interferes with penicillamine absorption and activity. Zinc supplements reduce the efficacy of low-dose penicillamine (0.5-1 gram/day), but do not seem to affect higher doses (1-2.75 gram/day), provided dosing times are separated. Advise patients to take zinc and penicillamine at least 2 hours apart.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Quinolone Antibiotics

Zinc can decrease the levels and clinical effects of quinolones antibiotics.
Quinolones form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing absorption of both the quinolone and zinc if taken at the same time. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Ritonavir (Norvir)

Zinc modestly reduces levels of ritonavir.
Clinical research shows that zinc might reduce serum ritonavir levels by chelating with ritonavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. In patients with HIV, ritonavir is taken with atazanavir to prevent the metabolism and increase the effects of atazanavir. A pharmacokinetic study shows that, in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg as a single dose or as multiple daily doses for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of ritonavir by about 16%. However, atazanavir levels still remains high enough to prevent HIV virus replication. Therefore, the decrease in ritonavir levels is not likely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Zinc might reduce levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Tetracyclines form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, which can reduce absorption of both the tetracycline and zinc when taken at the same time. Taking zinc sulfate 200 mg with tetracycline reduces absorption of the antibiotic by 30% to 40%. Demeclocycline and minocycline cause a similar interaction. However, doxycycline does not seem to interact significantly with zinc. Advise patients to take tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements to avoid any interactions.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Amiloride (Midamor)

Amiloride can modestly reduce zinc excretion and increase zinc levels.
Clinical research shows that amiloride can reduce urinary zinc excretion, especially at doses of 10 mg per day or more. This zinc-sparing effect can help to counteract zinc losses caused by thiazide diuretics, but it is unlikely to cause zinc toxicity at usual amiloride doses. The other potassium-sparing diuretics, spironolactone (Aldactone) and triamterene (Dyrenium), do not seem to have a zinc-sparing effect.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Atazanavir (Reyataz)

Zinc modestly reduces levels of atazanavir, although this effect does not seem to be clinically significant.
Clinical research shows that zinc might decrease serum atazanavir levels by chelating with atazanavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. Although a single dose of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg orally does not affect atazanavir concentrations in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate 125 mg daily for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of atazanavir by about 22% in these patients. However, despite this decrease, atazanavir levels still remain at high enough concentrations for the prevention of HIV virus replication.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Zinc full monograph & interactions

Lalmin Se10001 drug type · 40 drugs

Antifungals

Theoretically, taking antifungals with Saccharomyces boulardii might decrease the effectiveness of Saccharomyces boulardii.
S. boulardii is a live yeast. Therefore, simultaneously taking antifungals might kill a significant number of the organisms.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lalmin Se1000 full monograph & interactions

Copper2 drug types · 31 drugs

Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)

Theoretically, taking copper with penicillamine might decrease the absorption of penicillamine; separate dosing by at least 2 hours.
Copper chelates penicillamine, which decreases its absorption and may reduce its clinical effects.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Theoretically, taking copper with contraceptive drugs might increase the levels and toxic effects of copper.
A meta-analysis of clinical studies suggests that chronic use of oral contraceptives increases serum copper levels by a mean of 57 mcg/dL. In most people, this resulted in levels above the normal reference range for copper.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Copper full monograph & interactions

Pumpkin seed extract1 drug type · 1 drug

Lithium

Pumpkin might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Pumpkin is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, this might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Pumpkin seed extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol, from the product label.

Force Factor

Name
Force Factor, LLC
City
Boston
State
MA
ZipCode
02210
Phone Number
1-800-938-4231
Web Address
www.forcefactor.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol by Force Factor: Common Questions

Does Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol by Force Factor interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol has a known interaction with 1,617 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol contains 17 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this product really help with prostate or urinary flow?
Beta-sitosterol is likely effective for benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate). Saw palmetto is possibly effective specifically for recovery after transurethral resection of the prostate, but the evidence rating for general prostate enlargement is possibly ineffective. Pygeum (African plum tree extract) is likely effective for enlarged prostate. The combination's overall effect hasn't been studied in our data.
Is melatonin in this product safe to take long-term?
Melatonin is generally well tolerated for short-term use, but long-term safety is less certain. Common short-term side effects include drowsiness, headache, dizziness, and nausea. In rare cases, melatonin may increase seizure risk. If you plan to use this product long-term, talk with your pharmacist or doctor first.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
No—saw palmetto is not safe in pregnancy, and several other ingredients in this product (vanadium, stinging nettle, chlorophyllin, cranberry, and melatonin) have insufficient safety data in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Do not use this product if you are pregnant or breastfeeding unless your doctor specifically approves it.
What's the zinc in this product for, and does it interact with my antibiotics?
Zinc supports immune function and is effective for zinc deficiency. Yes—it interacts with quinolone antibiotics (like ciprofloxacin), tetracyclines (like doxycycline), and cephalexin by reducing their absorption. If you take any of these antibiotics, separate your doses by at least 2 hours before, or 4–6 hours after, the zinc in this product.
Does this product have any fillers or just active ingredients?
This product contains inactive ingredients (fillers and binders): gelatin, sunflower oil, glycerin, beeswax, sunflower lecithin, and water. If you have allergies or sensitivities to any of these, check with your pharmacist before use.
I take warfarin for blood clots. Can I use this product?
Probably not safely without medical supervision. Saw palmetto may prolong bleeding time, and stinging nettle contains vitamin K which could interfere with warfarin. Cranberry extract and melatonin also carry theoretical bleeding risks with warfarin. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before adding this product if you take blood thinners.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Zinc

Interacts with 67 drugs

Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but supplements can help correct or prevent a defici...

Read the full Zinc monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin D

Interacts with 715 drugs

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and is important for healthy bones, muscles, and immune function. Many people, especially those with low sun exposure,...

Read the full Vitamin D monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Manganese

Interacts with 83 drugs

Manganese is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for bone formation, metabolism, and antioxidant defense, and most people get enough from a normal diet. Supplements m...

Read the full Manganese monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Molybdenum

Molybdenum is an essential trace mineral your body needs in tiny amounts to help certain enzymes work. Most people get enough from a normal diet, so supplements are rarely needed unless a do...

Read the full Molybdenum monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Copper

Interacts with 31 drugs

Copper is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for making red blood cells, supporting nerves and bones, and helping enzymes work. Most people get enough copper from fo...

Read the full Copper monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Saccharomyces Boulardii

Interacts with 40 drugs

Saccharomyces boulardii is a beneficial yeast used as a probiotic, with the strongest evidence for preventing and treating certain types of diarrhea, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea...

Read the full Saccharomyces Boulardii monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba)

Interacts with 419 drugs

GABA is a calming chemical messenger (neurotransmitter) that your body makes on its own, and it is sold as a supplement for stress, anxiety, and sleep. The science behind oral GABA supplemen...

Read the full Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba) monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Melatonin

Interacts with 1,461 drugs

Melatonin is a hormone your body makes naturally to help control your sleep-wake cycle, and the supplement form is widely used to help with sleep timing problems and jet lag. The evidence is...

Read the full Melatonin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Vanadium

Interacts with 208 drugs

Vanadium is a trace mineral found in tiny amounts in food, and people get plenty from a normal diet. Supplement claims for diabetes, weight, and athletic performance are not well proven, and...

Read the full Vanadium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Saw Palmetto

Interacts with 174 drugs

Saw palmetto is a plant extract most often used for urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate (BPH). The best research suggests it works no better than a placebo for most men, though i...

Read the full Saw Palmetto monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Boron

Boron is a trace mineral found in many plant foods and sold as a supplement, mainly promoted for bone, joint, and hormone health. The human evidence for most of these uses is limited or prel...

Read the full Boron monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Chlorophyllin

Interacts with 335 drugs

Chlorophyllin is a water-soluble, semi-synthetic form of chlorophyll most often used to help control body and fecal odor and to support wound healing. The best evidence is for its use as a d...

Read the full Chlorophyllin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Stinging Nettle

Interacts with 164 drugs

Stinging nettle is a common plant used as food and in traditional medicine, most often for prostate symptoms, allergies, and joint pain. The evidence is mixed and mostly preliminary, so it i...

Read the full Stinging Nettle monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Pumpkin

Interacts with 1 drug

Pumpkin is a nutritious squash, and its seeds and seed oil are the parts most often used as supplements, mainly for urinary and prostate symptoms. The evidence for these uses is limited and...

Read the full Pumpkin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Cranberry

Interacts with 712 drugs

Cranberry is best known for helping to prevent repeated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in some people, and the evidence here is moderate but mixed. It is not a reliable treatment for an act...

Read the full Cranberry monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Beta-sitosterol

Beta-sitosterol is a plant sterol that may modestly lower LDL ('bad') cholesterol and may help ease urinary symptoms from an enlarged prostate. Evidence is moderate for these uses and weaker...

Read the full Beta-sitosterol monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Pygeum

Pygeum is an extract from the bark of the African cherry tree that is most often used to ease urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate. Some studies suggest modest benefit for these s...

Read the full Pygeum monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Truflow Saw Palmetto & Beta-Sitosterol's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 430 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Zinc 88 references
  1. Barceloux DG. Zinc. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1999;37:279-92.
  2. Eby GA, Davis DR, Halcomb WW. Reduction in duration of common colds by zinc gluconate lozenges in a double-blind study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984;25:20-4. DOI
  3. Smith DS, Helzner EC, Nuttall CE Jr, et al. Failure of zinc gluconate in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:646-8. PubMed
  4. Blondeau JM. Expanded activity and utility of the new fluoroquinolones: a review. Clin Ther 1999;21:3-40. PubMed
  5. Reyes AJ, Olhaberry JV, Leary WP, et al. Urinary zinc excretion, diuretics, zinc deficiency and some side-effects of diuretics. S Afr Med J 1983;64:936-41.
  6. Kugelmas M. Preliminary observation: oral zinc sulfate replacement is effective in treating muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:13-5. PubMed
  7. Hebel SK, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons. 52nd ed. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons, 1998.
  8. Chan S, Gerson B, Subramaniam S. The role of copper, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc in nutrition and health. Clin Lab Med 1998;18:673-85. DOI
  9. Brewer GJ, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Johnson V, et al. Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc: XI. Interaction with other anticopper agents. J Am Coll Nutr 1993;12:26-30. PubMed
  10. Fosmire GJ. Zinc toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:225-7.
  11. Lomaestro BM, Bailie GR. Absorption interactions with fluoroquinolones. 1995 update. Drug Saf 1995;12:314-33. PubMed
  12. Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
  13. Seelig MS. Auto-immune complications of D-penicillamine - A possible result of zinc and magnesium depletion and of pyridoxine inactivation. J Am Coll Nutr 1982;1:207-14. PubMed
  14. Neuvonen PJ. Interactions with the absorption of tetracyclines. Drugs 1976;11:45-54.. PubMed
  15. Hirt M, Nobel S, Barron E. Zinc nasal gel for the treatment of common cold symptoms: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ear Nose Throat J 2000;79:778-82.. DOI
  16. Simkin PA. Oral zinc sulphate in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1976;2:539-42. PubMed
  17. Wray D. A double-blind trial of systemic zinc sulfate in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1982;53:469-72. PubMed
  18. Douglas RM, Miles HB, Moore BW, et al. Failure of effervescent zinc acetate lozenges to alter the course of upper respiratory tract infections in Australian adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987;31:1263-5. PubMed
  19. Lagiou P, Wuu J, Trichopoulou A, et al. Diet and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a study in Greece. Urology 1999;54:284-90. PubMed
  20. Ewing CI, Gibbs AC, Ashcroft C, David TJ. Failure of oral zinc supplementation in atopic eczema. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991;45:507-10.
  21. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  22. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss. AREDS report no. 8. Arch Oph
  23. Greenberg JE, Lynn M, Kirsner RS, et al. Mucocutaneous pigmented macule as a result of zinc deposition. J Cutan Pathol 2002;29:613-5. PubMed
  24. Godfrey HR, Godfrey NJ, Godfrey JC, Riley D. A randomized clinical trial on the treatment of oral herpes with topical zinc oxide/glycine. Altern Ther Health Med 2001;7:49-56.
  25. Turner RB. Ineffectiveness of intranasal zinc gluconate for prevention of experimental rhinovirus colds. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:1865-70. PubMed
  26. Belongia EA, Berg R, Liu K. A randomized trial of zinc nasal spray for the treatment of upper respiratory illness in adults. Am J Med 2001;111:103-8. PubMed
  27. Mossad SB. Effect of zincum gluconicum nasal gel on the duration and symptom severity of the common cold in otherwise healthy adults. QJM 2003;96:35-43. DOI
  28. Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Wu K, et al. Zinc supplement use and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:1004-7.. PubMed
  29. Jafek BW, Linschoten M, Murrow BW. Zicam Induced Anosmia. American Rhinologic Society 49th Annual Fall Scientific Meeting abstract. Orlando, Florida. September 20, 2003. http://app.american-rhinologic.org/programs/2003ARSFallProgram071503.pdf (Accessed 24
  30. Uebayashi H, Hatanaka T, Kanemura F, Tonosaki K. Acute anosmia in the mouse: behavioral discrimination among the four basic taste substances. Physiol Behav 2001;72:291-6.. PubMed
  31. Barrett S. Zicam Marketers Sued. United States District Court Western District of Michigan Southern Division, Filed October 14, 2003, Case No. 4:03CV0146.
  32. Bilici M, Yildirim F, Kandil S, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of zinc sulfate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004;28:181-90.. PubMed
  33. Polk RE, Healy DP, Sahai J, et al. Effect of ferrous sulfate and multivitamins with zinc on absorption of ciprofloxacin in normal volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:1841-4. PubMed
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Manganese 21 references
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Molybdenum 8 references
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Copper 11 references
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Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba) 12 references
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Saccharomyces Boulardii 26 references
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Stinging Nettle 23 references
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Pumpkin 5 references
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Saw Palmetto 22 references
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Boron 6 references
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Cranberry 33 references
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Beta-sitosterol 7 references
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See these in context on the Beta-sitosterol monograph →

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Pygeum 3 references
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