Beast Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by ATS Labs
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Beast against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Beast is a dietary supplement by ATS Labs with 8 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for hormone replacement therapy, supporting fertility and early pregnancy (under medical care), irregular or absent menstrual periods.Based on those ingredients, 1,174 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Black Pepper extract, Bulbine Natalensis, Agmatine Sulfate. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Beast by ATS Labs
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Beast by ATS Labs — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Beast by ATS Labs
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
Beast contains eight ingredients, five of which we can identify. The active ingredients are agmatine sulfate (an amino acid derivative), black pepper extract (containing piperine), hawthorn (a botanical used traditionally for heart health), 6-keto-progesterone (a hormone-related compound), and Bulbine natalensis (a plant extract).
Three other ingredients are listed but we don't hold complete data on them. The product also contains inactive ingredients — vegetarian gelatin and rice flour — used as the capsule material and filler.
Does it work?
Couldn't assess
The evidence we hold does not establish effectiveness for any of the conditions listed in this product's data. Agmatine's uses — alcohol use disorder, Alzheimer disease, anxiety, athletic performance, autism spectrum disorder, and bipolar disorder — all carry insufficient reliable evidence ratings.
The same is true for black pepper (hay fever, asthma, athletic performance, headache, depression, diarrhea), hawthorn (angina, anxiety, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, cognitive function), the progesterone ingredient (amenorrhea, benzodiazepine withdrawal, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, postpartum depression, endometrial hyperplasia), and Bulbine natalensis (pruritus, wound healing, tinea corporis, seizures, exfoliative cheilitis). In short, we don't have solid evidence that this product works for its intended uses.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Short-term use of agmatine appears generally well tolerated, though long-term safety in humans hasn't been well studied. The most common side effects are diarrhea, indigestion, and nausea — mild to moderate cases appeared in a small number of trial participants within a few days and resolved when the ingredient was stopped.
Black pepper at food spice levels is safe; concentrated supplements should be used more cautiously. Orally it's well tolerated as a single dose, with occasional burning aftertaste, indigestion, or reduced taste perception — and rarely, allergic reactions in sensitive people.
Hawthorn is generally well tolerated in studies, but because it affects the heart and blood vessels, it needs medical supervision if you have heart conditions. Rare serious adverse effects include severe allergic reactions with organ involvement and acute kidney failure.
Progesterone is a hormone and must be used under medical supervision, not casually as a supplement; it commonly causes acne, rashes, altered menstrual cycles, breast discomfort, depression, and fluid retention. Bulbine natalensis lacks human safety data; animal studies suggest possible liver and kidney toxicity at higher doses, and the plant root can accumulate high levels of aluminum and iron, which may cause stomach upset, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
Regarding pregnancy: agmatine safety data are insufficient — avoid it. Black pepper is likely safe in pregnancy at normal dietary amounts but safety of supplement strength is unclear.
Hawthorn and Bulbine natalensis lack enough safety data — avoid both. The progesterone ingredient is rated possibly unsafe in pregnancy — avoid it.
For breastfeeding, agmatine, hawthorn, and Bulbine natalensis all lack safety data, so avoid them; black pepper is likely safe; progesterone safety while breastfeeding is not rated in our data.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Check with your pharmacist or doctor before taking Beast if you use any of these: nitrates or phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors like sildenafil (Major risk with hawthorn — severe blood pressure drop); blood pressure medications, diabetes drugs, or blood thinners (Moderate risks across multiple ingredients); heart rhythm or heart failure medications like digoxin; liver-processed drugs like propranolol, phenytoin, atorvastatin, or theophylline; testosterone replacement; or any hormone-based medication including estrogens. Bulbine natalensis may also speed up or slow down how your body processes common medications through multiple liver pathways.
No interactions are documented in our data for the three ingredients we could not check.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no assessable stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Beast is a complex supplement with interactions spanning over 1,100 medications and evidence gaps on effectiveness. If you take any blood pressure or blood sugar medications, nitrates, blood thinners, digoxin, testosterone, or medications processed by your liver, you need to check this product with your pharmacist or doctor first.
Women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or considering either should avoid it or talk with their doctor. Because several of these ingredients affect the heart and carry hormone activity, this isn't a casual over-the-counter choice — get professional guidance before starting.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 5 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Apr 23, 2020.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Beast, straight from the product label.
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Beast by ATS Labs, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Agmatine Sulfate | 0 NP | -- |
| Black Pepper extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Hawthorne | 0 NP | -- |
| 4'-Methoxy-5,7-Dihydroxyflavone | 0 NP | -- |
| Wet Mass Blend | 180 mg | -- |
| 17beta-(1-ketoethyl)-androstane-3-one, 17a-ol | 0 NP | -- |
| 6-Keto-Progesterone | 0 NP | -- |
| 17beta {3ketoethyl}-androsta-1, 4-diene-3-one,17a-ol | 0 NP | -- |
| Mass Matrix | 550 mg | -- |
| Bulbine Natalensis | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: Vegetarian Gelatin, Rice Flour
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation
Wet bulking agent
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Beast by ATS Labs label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Beast by ATS Labs
These are the 8 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container90 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Wet Mass Blend
- › 4'-Methoxy-5,7-Dihydroxyflavone
- › 17beta-(1-ketoethyl)-androstane-3-one, 17a-ol
- › 6-Keto-Progesterone
- › 17beta {3ketoethyl}-androsta-1, 4-diene-3-one,17a-ol
Mass Matrix
Other (inactive) ingredients: Vegetarian Gelatin, Rice Flour. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Beast by ATS Labs Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Beast by ATS Labs contains eight ingredients, and we've checked interaction data for five of them.
The product has documented interactions with a substantial number of medications.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Hawthorn carries the most serious interactions — Major severity — with nitrates (used for chest pain) and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors like sildenafil (Viagra). Both can cause additive blood vessel relaxation and a dangerous drop in blood pressure when combined with hawthorn.
Black pepper extract interacts with a range of medications at Moderate severity: propranolol, nevirapine, rifampin, phenytoin, cyclosporine, pentobarbital, atorvastatin, and theophylline. Its active compound, piperine, increases how your body absorbs and processes these drugs, which can raise their blood levels and side effects.
Agmatine sulfate interacts Moderately with blood pressure medications and diabetes drugs — it may lower blood pressure or blood sugar further, raising the risk of dizziness or low blood sugar. Bulbine natalensis interacts Moderately with several enzyme pathways in your liver (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP3A4 substrates), blood thinners, digoxin, and testosterone replacement.
It may speed up or slow down how your body processes these drugs. The progesterone ingredient (6-keto-progesterone) has Moderate interactions with estrogens and Minor interactions with paclitaxel.
We could not check three other ingredients — 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavone, 17beta-(1-ketoethyl)-androstane-3-one, 17a-ol, and 17beta {3ketoethyl}-androsta-1,4-diene-3-one,17a-ol — for interaction data. Altogether, these interactions span 1,159 individual medications.
Check your exact medications with the search tool on this page before you start.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Beast?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Beast interact with 1,174 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
5 of the 8 ingredients in Beast interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Black Pepper extract Bulbine Natalensis Agmatine Sulfate Hawthorne 6-Keto-Progesterone
AvanafilStendra
How Avanafil interacts with Beast — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
HawthornePhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Hawthorne + Avanafil interactionBlack Pepper ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Extract + Avanafil interactionBulbine NatalensisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis + Avanafil interactionFinasteride, TadalafilEntadfi
How Finasteride, Tadalafil interacts with Beast — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
HawthornePhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Hawthorne + Finasteride, Tadalafil interactionBulbine NatalensisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis + Finasteride, Tadalafil interactionBlack Pepper ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Extract + Finasteride, Tadalafil interactionGlyceryl TrinitrateNitronal
How Glyceryl Trinitrate interacts with Beast — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
HawthorneNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Hawthorne + Glyceryl Trinitrate interactionIsosorbide DinitrateAngitak, Cedocard Retard, Isoket, Isoket Retard, Isordil
How Isosorbide Dinitrate interacts with Beast — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
HawthorneNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Hawthorne + Isosorbide Dinitrate interactionIsosorbide Dinitrate, HydralazineBiDil
How Isosorbide Dinitrate, Hydralazine interacts with Beast — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
HawthorneNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Hawthorne + Isosorbide Dinitrate, Hydralazine interactionAgmatine SulfateAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, agmatine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Agmatine Sulfate + Isosorbide Dinitrate, Hydralazine interactionIsosorbide MononitrateAngeze, Angeze SR, Chemydur 60XL, Dynamin, Elantan, Elantan LA +13 more
How Isosorbide Mononitrate interacts with Beast — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
HawthorneNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Hawthorne + Isosorbide Mononitrate interactionMacitentan, TadalafilOpsynvi
How Macitentan, Tadalafil interacts with Beast — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
HawthornePhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Hawthorne + Macitentan, Tadalafil interactionAgmatine SulfateAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, agmatine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Agmatine Sulfate + Macitentan, Tadalafil interactionBulbine NatalensisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis + Macitentan, Tadalafil interactionBlack Pepper ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Extract + Macitentan, Tadalafil interactionNicorandilAprior, Dancor, Ikorel, Sigmart, Zynicor
How Nicorandil interacts with Beast — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
HawthorneNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Hawthorne + Nicorandil interactionNitroglycerinGonitro, Nitro Time, Nitro-Bid, Nitrocine Timecaps, Nitrogard, Nitrogard SR +7 more
How Nitroglycerin interacts with Beast — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
HawthorneNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Hawthorne + Nitroglycerin interactionPentaerythritol TetranitratePeritrate, Peritrate SA
How Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate interacts with Beast — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
HawthorneNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Hawthorne + Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate interactionSildenafilRevatio
How Sildenafil interacts with Beast — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
HawthornePhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Hawthorne + Sildenafil interactionBulbine NatalensisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis + Sildenafil interactionBlack Pepper ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Extract + Sildenafil interactionSildenafil CitrateViagra
How Sildenafil Citrate interacts with Beast — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
HawthornePhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Hawthorne + Sildenafil Citrate interactionBulbine NatalensisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis + Sildenafil Citrate interactionBlack Pepper ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Extract + Sildenafil Citrate interactionTadalafilCialis, Tadliq
How Tadalafil interacts with Beast — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
HawthornePhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Hawthorne + Tadalafil interactionBulbine NatalensisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis + Tadalafil interactionBlack Pepper ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Extract + Tadalafil interactionVardenafilLevitra, Staxyn
How Vardenafil interacts with Beast — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
HawthornePhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Hawthorne + Vardenafil interactionBlack Pepper ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Extract + Vardenafil interactionBulbine NatalensisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis + Vardenafil interactionAdo-trastuzumab EmtansineKadcyla
How Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interacts with Beast — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bulbine NatalensisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionBlack Pepper ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with Beast — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bulbine NatalensisAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining Bulbine natalensis leaf with drugs that have anticoagulant or antiplatelet activity might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis + Abciximab interactionBlack Pepper ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Black Pepper Extract + Abciximab interactionHawthorneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Hawthorne + Abciximab interactionAbemaciclibVerzenio
How Abemaciclib interacts with Beast — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Pepper ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Extract + Abemaciclib interactionBulbine NatalensisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis + Abemaciclib interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with Beast — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bulbine NatalensisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis + Abiraterone interactionBlack Pepper ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Extract + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with Beast — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Pepper ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionBulbine NatalensisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with Beast — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
HawthorneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Hawthorne + Abrocitinib interactionBulbine NatalensisCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis + Abrocitinib interactionBlack Pepper ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Black Pepper Extract + Abrocitinib interactionAcalabrutinibCalquence
How Acalabrutinib interacts with Beast — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bulbine NatalensisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, P-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis + Acalabrutinib interactionBlack Pepper ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, P-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with Beast — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Pepper ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Black Pepper Extract + Acarbose interactionAgmatine SulfateAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, agmatine might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Agmatine Sulfate + Acarbose interactionAcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with Beast — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Agmatine SulfateAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, agmatine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Agmatine Sulfate + Acebutolol interactionHawthorneBeta-blockers Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive effects on blood pressure and heart rate.
Read the full Hawthorne + Acebutolol interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with Beast — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
HawthorneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Hawthorne + Acenocoumarol interactionBulbine NatalensisAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining Bulbine natalensis leaf with drugs that have anticoagulant or antiplatelet activity might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis + Acenocoumarol interactionBlack Pepper ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Black Pepper Extract + Acenocoumarol interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with Beast — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bulbine NatalensisCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis + Acetaminophen interactionBlack Pepper ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Black Pepper Extract + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with Beast — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Pepper ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Black Pepper Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionBulbine NatalensisAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining Bulbine natalensis leaf with drugs that have anticoagulant or antiplatelet activity might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionHawthorneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Hawthorne + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Beast — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
HawthorneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Hawthorne + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionBlack Pepper ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Black Pepper Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionBulbine NatalensisCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Beast — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bulbine NatalensisCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBlack Pepper ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Black Pepper Extract + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital interacts with Beast — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bulbine NatalensisCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionBlack Pepper ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Black Pepper Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with Beast — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Pepper ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Black Pepper Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionBulbine NatalensisCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Beast with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Black Pepper extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to inhibit platelet aggregation. This has not been reported in humans.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, can reduce blood glucose levels. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of atorvastatin.
Animal research shows that taking piperine, a constituent of black pepper, 35 mg/kg can increase the maximum serum concentration of atorvastatin three-fold. This has not been reported in humans.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Theoretically, black pepper might increase the effects and side effects of cyclosporine.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases the bioavailability of cyclosporine. This has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research suggests that some constituents of black pepper inhibit CYP2D6. This has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research and pharmacokinetic simulation data suggest that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, as well as the pepper fruit seem to inhibit CYP3A4. This has not been reported in humans.
Lithium
Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of lithium due to its diuretic effects. The dose of lithium might need to be reduced.
Black pepper is thought to have diuretic properties.
Nevirapine (Viramune)
Black pepper might increase blood levels of nevirapine.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases the plasma concentration of nevirapine. However, no adverse effects were observed in this study.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to inhibit P-glycoprotein.
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Theoretically, black pepper might increase the sedative effects of pentobarbital.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases pentobarbital-induced sleeping time.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Black pepper might increase blood levels of phenytoin.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption, slow elimination, and increase levels of phenytoin. Taking a single dose of black pepper 1 gram along with phenytoin seems to double the serum concentration of phenytoin. Consuming a soup with black pepper providing piperine 44 mg/200 mL of soup along with phenytoin also seems to increase phenytoin levels when compared with consuming the same soup without black pepper.
Propranolol (Inderal)
Black pepper might increase blood levels of propranolol.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and slow elimination of propranolol.
Rifampin (Rifadin)
Black pepper might increase blood levels of rifampin.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and serum levels of rifampin.
Theophylline
Black pepper might increase blood levels of theophylline.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and slow elimination of theophylline.
Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox)
Theoretically, black pepper might increase the effects and side effects of amoxicillin.
Animal research shows that taking piperine, a constituent of black pepper, with amoxicillin increases plasma levels of amoxicillin. This has not been reported in humans.
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of carbamazepine, potentially increasing the effects and side effects of carbamazepine.
One clinical study in patients taking carbamazepine 300 mg or 500 mg twice daily shows that taking a single 20 mg dose of purified piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases carbamazepine levels. Piperine may increase carbamazepine absorption by increasing blood flow to the GI tract, increasing the surface area of the small intestine, or inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in the gut wall. Absorption was significantly increased by 7-10 mcg/mL/hour. The time to eliminate carbamazepine was also increased by 4-8 hours. Although carbamazepine levels were increased, this did not appear to increase side effects. In vitro research also shows that piperine can increase carbamazepine levels by 11% in a time-dependent manner.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research suggests that black pepper induces CYP1A2. This has not been reported in humans.
Bulbine Natalensis
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, combining Bulbine natalensis leaf with drugs that have anticoagulant or antiplatelet activity might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
In vitro research shows that Bulbine natalensis ground leaf extract inhibits platelet aggregation.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Bulbine natalensis stem extract slightly induces CYP1A2 mRNA expression and enzyme activity. Theoretically, this may increase the metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates; however, this has not been studied in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Bulbine natalensis stem extract induces CYP2C9 mRNA expression and enzyme activity. Theoretically, this may increase the metabolism of CYP2C9 substrates; however, this has not been studied in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Bulbine natalensis stem extract induces CYP3A4 mRNA expression and enzyme activity. Theoretically, this may increase the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates, but this has not been studied in humans.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might increase the risk of adverse effects and toxicity when taken with digoxin.
Bulbine natalensis stem may contain cardiac glycosides, although it is unclear if these chemicals are present in clinically relevant concentrations.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might increase the levels and clinical effects of p-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that Bulbine natalensis stem extract induces p-glycoprotein mRNA expression; however, effects on transporter expression were not evaluated.
Testosterone
Theoretically, using Bulbine natalensis stem with testosterone replacement therapy might increase the risk of adverse effects.
Animal research shows that Bulbine natalensis stem can increase testosterone levels.
Agmatine Sulfate
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, agmatine might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal and in vitro research suggest that agmatine has mild hypoglycemic effects.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, agmatine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research suggests that agmatine can modestly decrease heart rate and blood pressure.
Hawthorne
Nitrates
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure due to vasodilatory effects.
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Hawthorn might inhibit PDE-5 and cause vasodilation.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research shows that hawthorn can inhibit platelet aggregation. However, its effect in humans is unclear. One observational study shows that patients taking hawthorn shortly before undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery or valve replacement surgery have a 10% incidence of postoperative bleeding, compared with 1% in those who never consumed hawthorn extract. However, clinical research shows that taking a specific preparation of dried hawthorn leaves and flowers (Crataesor, Soria Natural Lab) 800 mg three times daily for 15 days does not affect platelet aggregation or levels of thromboxane B2, the metabolite of thromboxane A2, in healthy humans.
Beta-Blockers
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive effects on blood pressure and heart rate.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure and heart rate.
Calcium Channel Blockers
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilation and hypotensive effects.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure due to vasodilatory effects.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, hawthorn might potentiate the effects and adverse effects of digoxin.
Hawthorn appears to improve cardiac output; however, hawthorn does not appear to affect digoxin pharmacokinetics. Case reports suggest that at least one species of hawthorn root extract (Crataegus mexicana) may produce adverse effects similar to digoxin and can cross-react with digoxin assays, leading to falsely elevated plasma digoxin levels.
6-Keto-Progesterone
Estrogens
Theoretically, using estrogen along with progesterone supplements or non-prescription bioidentical progesterone products might alter the effects of estrogen.
Concomitant use of estrogen with prescription progesterone products can cause breast tenderness. Also, use of conjugated equine estrogens with oral micronized progesterone in postmenopausal patients seems to blunt the beneficial effects of estrogen on the lipoprotein profile, although it might not affect estrogen-induced reduction in plasma lipoprotein (a). It is unclear if this interaction would be clinically significant with the doses found in oral or topical progesterone supplements or non-prescription bioidentical products.
Paclitaxel (Abraxane, Onxol)
Theoretically, using paclitaxel along with progesterone supplements or non-prescription bioidentical progesterone products might increase paclitaxel levels and adverse effects.
Human research suggests that administering high-dose progesterone intravenously along with paclitaxel can increase plasma levels of paclitaxel without affecting neutrophil and platelet nadir counts. It is unclear if this interaction would be clinically significant with the doses found in oral or topical progesterone supplements or non-prescription bioidentical products.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Beast, from the product label.
Beast by ATS Labs: Common Questions
Does Beast by ATS Labs interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
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What are the most common side effects of agmatine?
Is black pepper in Beast the same as what I eat?
Why does Beast have hawthorn if it's not proven to work?
What is 6-keto-progesterone and why is it in a supplement?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Beast’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Progesterone
Interacts with 42 drugsProgesterone is a natural hormone, and prescription forms are used for fertility support, menstrual problems, and hormone therapy. Over-the-counter "natural" progesterone creams are not well...
Read the full Progesterone monograph → Herb & supplement monographAgmatine
Interacts with 258 drugsAgmatine is a compound your body makes from the amino acid arginine, and it is sold mainly as a workout and 'pump' supplement. Human evidence for most of its claimed benefits is limited and...
Read the full Agmatine monograph → Herb & supplement monographBlack Pepper
Interacts with 1,019 drugsBlack pepper is a common kitchen spice that is generally safe in the amounts used in food. Its extract, piperine, is mostly added to supplements to help the body absorb other ingredients (li...
Read the full Black Pepper monograph → Herb & supplement monographHawthorn
Interacts with 191 drugsHawthorn is a plant traditionally used for heart-related complaints, and some studies suggest it may modestly help symptoms of mild heart failure when added to standard care. However, the ev...
Read the full Hawthorn monograph → Herb & supplement monographBulbine Natalensis
Interacts with 919 drugsBulbine natalensis is a South African plant marketed mainly as a testosterone-boosting and libido supplement, but the human evidence is essentially absent and most claims come from animal st...
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Beast's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 86 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Agmatine 3 references
- Piletz JE, Aricioglu F, Cheng JT, et al. Agmatine: clinical applications after 100 years in translation. Drug Discov Today 2013;18(17-18):880-93. PubMed
- Keynan O, Mirovsky Y, Dekel S, Gilad VH, Gilad GM. Safety and efficacy of dietary agmatine sulfate in lumbar disc-associated radiculopathy. An open-label, dose-escalating study followed by a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pain Med 201 PubMed
- Shopsin B. The clinical antidepressant effect of exogenous agmatine is not reversed by parachlorophenylalanine: a pilot study. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2013;25(2):113-8. PubMed
Black Pepper 29 references
- Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Bano G, Amla V, Raina RK, et al. The effect of piperine on pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in healthy volunteers. Planta Med 1987;53:568-9. PubMed
- Bano G, et al. Effect of piperine on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of propranolol and theophylline in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1991;41;615-7. PubMed
- Cohle SD, Trestrail JD III, Graham MA, et al. Fatal pepper aspiration. Am J Dis Child 1988;142:633-6. PubMed
- Bhardwaj RK, Glaeser H, Becquemont L, et al. Piperine, a major constituent of black pepper, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;302:645-50. PubMed
- Velpandian T, Jasuja R, Bhardwaj RK, et al. Piperine in food: interference in the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2001;26:241-7. PubMed
- Pattanaik S, Hota D, Prabhakar S, et al. Pharmacokinetic interaction of a single dose of piperine with steady-state carbamazepine in epilepsy patients. Phytother Res 2009;23:1281-6.
- Munakata, M., Kobayashi, K., Niisato-Nezu, J., Tanaka, S., Kakisaka, Y., Ebihara, T., Ebihara, S., Haginoya, K., Tsuchiya, S., and Onuma, A. Olfactory stimulation using black pepper oil facilitates oral feeding in pediatric patients receiving long-term en
- Myers, B. M., Smith, J. L., and Graham, D. Y. Effect of red pepper and black pepper on the stomach. Am J Gastroenterol 1987;82(3):211-214.
- Raghavendra, R. H. and Naidu, K. A. Spice active principles as the inhibitors of human platelet aggregation and thromboxane biosynthesis. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 2009;81(1):73-78. PubMed
- Subehan, Usia, T., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Mechanism-based inhibition of human liver microsomal cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) by alkamides of Piper nigrum. Planta Med 2006;72(6):527-532.
- Kasibhatta, R. and Naidu, M. U. Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine under fasting conditions: a randomised, crossover, placebo-controlled study. Drugs R.D. 2007;8(6):383-391. PubMed
- Usia, T., Iwata, H., Hiratsuka, A., Watabe, T., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitory activities of Indonesian medicinal plants. Phytomedicine. 2006;13(1-2):67-73. PubMed
- Mujumdar, A. M., Dhuley, J. N., Deshmukh, V. K., Raman, P. H., Thorat, S. L., and Naik, S. R. Effect of piperine on pentobarbitone induced hypnosis in rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 1990;28(5):486-487.
- Panda, S. and Kar, A. Piperine lowers the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones, glucose and hepatic 5'D activity in adult male mice. Horm.Metab Res. 2003;35(9):523-526. PubMed
- Lawless, H. and Stevens, D. A. Effects of oral chemical irritation on taste. Physiol Behav. 1984;32(6):995-998. PubMed
- Hiwale, A. R., Dhuley, J. N., and Naik, S. R. Effect of co-administration of piperine on pharmacokinetics of beta-lactam antibiotics in rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 2002;40(3):277-281.
- Han, Y., Chin Tan, T. M., and Lim, L. Y. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the effects of piperine on P-gp function and expression. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 8-1-2008;230(3):283-289. PubMed
- Sharma, P., Varma, M. V., Chawla, H. P., and Panchagnula, R. In situ and in vivo efficacy of peroral absorption enhancers in rats and correlation to in vitro mechanistic studies. Farmaco 2005;60(11-12):874-883. PubMed
- Aher, S., Biradar, S., Gopu, C. L., and Paradkar, A. Novel pepper extract for enhanced P-glycoprotein inhibition. J Pharm.Pharmacol. 2009;61(9):1179-1186. PubMed
- Zutshi, R. K., Singh, R., Zutshi, U., Johri, R. K., and Atal, C. K. Influence of piperine on rifampicin blood levels in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis. J Assoc.Physicians India 1985;33(3):223-224.
- Marotta, R. B. and Floch, M. H. Diet and nutrition in ulcer disease. Med Clin North Am 1991;75(4):967-979. PubMed
- Subehan, Usia, T., Iwata, H., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 by Indonesian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 5-24-2006;105(3):449-455. PubMed
- Gimenez L, Zacharisen M. Severe pepper allergy in a young child. WMJ. 2011 Jun;110(3):138-9.
- Ren T, Yang M, Xiao M, Zhu J, Xie W, Zuo Z. Time-dependent inhibition of carbamazepine metabolism by piperine in anti-epileptic treatment. Life Sci. 2019;218:314-323. PubMed
- Thomas AB, Choudhary DC, Raje A, Nagrik SS. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic herb-drug interaction of piperine with atorvastatin in rats. J Chromatogr Sci 2021;59(4):371-80. PubMed
- Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
- Lin F, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Zhong D, Liu J. Predicting Food-Drug Interactions between Piperine and CYP3A4 Substrate Drugs Using PBPK Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2024;25(20):10955. PubMed
Hawthorn 25 references
- Tauchert M. Efficacy and safety of crataegus extract WS 1442 in comparison with placebo in patients with chronic stable New York Heart Association class-III heart failure. Am Heart J 2002;143:910-5. PubMed
- Pittler MH, Schmidt K, Ernst E. Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Med 2003;114:665-74.. PubMed
- Chang Q, Zuo Z, Harrison F, Chow MS. Hawthorn. J Clin Pharmacol 2002;42:605-12.
- Holubarsch CJ, Colucci WS, Meinertz T, et al. The efficacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in patients with heart failure: the SPICE trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:1255-63. PubMed
- Pittler MH, Guo R, and Ernst E. Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure. Cochrane.Database.Syst Rev 2008:CD005312. PubMed
- Zick SM, Vautaw BM, Gillespie B, Aaronson KD. Hawthorn Extract Randomized Blinded Chronic Heart Failure (HERB CHF) trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11:990-99. PubMed
- Werner NS, Duschek S, and Schandry R. D-camphor-crataegus berry extract combination increases blood pressure and cognitive functioning in the elderly - a randomized, placebo controlled double blind study. Phytomedicine. 2009;16:1077-82. PubMed
- Dalli E, Colomer E, Tormos MC, et al. Crataegus laevigata decreases neutrophil elastase and has hypolipidemic effect: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytomedicine. 6-15-2011;18:769-75. PubMed
- Maek-a-nantawat W, Phonrat B, Dhitavat J, et al. Safety and efficacy of CKBM-A01, a Chinese herbal medicine, among asymptomatic HIV patients. Southeast Asian J Trop.Med Public Health 2009;40:494-501.
- Asher GN, Viera AJ, Weaver MA, et al. Effect of hawthorn standardized extract on flow mediated dilation in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults: a randomized, controlled cross-over trial. BMC.Complement Altern.Med 2012;12:26. PubMed
- Walker AF, Marakis G, Simpson E, et al. Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Gen.Pract 2006;56:437-43.
- Daniele C, Mazzanti G, Pittler MH, et al. Adverse-event profile of Crataegus spp.: a systematic review. Drug Saf 2006;29:523-35. PubMed
- Tankanow R, Tamer HR, Streetman DS, et al. Interaction study between digoxin and a preparation of hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha). J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2003;43:637-42. DOI
- Tauchert, M., Gildor, A., and Lipinski, J. [High-dose Crataegus extract WS 1442 in the treatment of NYHA stage II heart failure]. Herz 1999;24(6):465-474.
- Horoz, M., Gok, E., Genctoy, G., Ozcan, T., Olmaz, R., Akca, M., Kiykim, A., and Gurses, I. Crataegus orientalis associated multiorgan hypersensitivity reaction and acute renal failure. Intern.Med 2008;47(23):2039-2042. PubMed
- Dalli, E., Valles, J., Cosin-Sales, J., Santos, M. T., Moscardo, A., Milara, J., and Sotillo, J. F. Effects of hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata) on platelet aggregation in healthy volunteers. Thromb.Res 2011;128(4):398-400. PubMed
- Rogov VD. [Toxiderma due to the fruits of the hawthorn]. Vestn Dermatol Venerol 1984;7(7):46-47.
- Loew D, Albrecht M, and Podzuweit H. Efficacy and tolerability of a Hawthorn preparation in patients with heart failure Stage I and II according to NYHA - a surveillance study. Phytomedicine 1996;3(Suppl 1):92.
- Rababa'h AM, Altarabsheh SE, Haddad O, Deo SV, Obeidat Y, Al-Azzam S. Hawthorn Herb Increases the Risk of Bleeding after Cardiac Surgery: An Evidence-Based Approach. Heart Surg Forum 2016;19(4):E175-9. PubMed
- Shatoor AS, Soliman H, Al-Hashem F, Gamal BE, Othman A, El-Menshaw N. Effect of hawthorn (Crataegus aronia syn. Azarolus (L)) on platelet function in albino wistar rats. Thromb Res 2012;130(1):75-80. PubMed
- Vibes J, Lasserre B, Gleye J, Declume C. Inhibition of thromboxane A2 biosynthesis in vitro by the main components of Crataegus oxyacantha (hawthorn) flower heads. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1994;50(4):173-5. PubMed
- Rogers KL, Grice ID, Griffiths LR. Inhibition of platelet aggregation and 5-HT release by extracts of Australian plants used traditionally as headache treatments. Eur J Pharm Sci 2000;9(4):355-63. PubMed
- Zhou CC, Huang XX, Gao PY, et al. Two new compounds from Crataegus pinnatifida and their antithrombotic activities. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2014;16(2):169-74.
- Palmer KG, Lebin JA, Cronin MT, Mazor SS, Burns RA. Crataegus mexicana (Tejocote) Exposure Associated with Cardiotoxicity and a Falsely Elevated Digoxin Level. J Med Toxicol. 2019;15(4):295-298. PubMed
- Espinosa J, Bassett R, Lucerna A, Finn D. Hawthorne root (Crataegus mexicana) toxicity. Am J Emerg Med. 2024;78:242.e5-242.e6. PubMed
Progesterone 21 references
- McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
- Leonetti HB, Longo S, Anasti JN. Transdermal progesterone cream for vasomotor symptoms and postmenopausal bone loss. Obstet Gynecol 1999;94:225-8. DOI
- Greendale GA, Reboussin BA, Hogan P, et al. Symptom relief and side effects of postmenopausal hormones: results from the Postmenopausal Interventions Trial. Obstet Gynecol 1998;92:982-8.
- Young DS. Effects of Drugs on Clinical Laboratory Tests 4th ed. Washington: AACC Press, 1995.
- Burnham TH, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons, Updated Monthly. Facts and Comparisons, St. Louis, MO.
- Chen FP, Lee N, Soong YK. Changes in the lipoprotein profile in postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy. Effects of natural and synthetic progesterone. J Reprod Med 1998;43:568-74.
- Espeland MA, Marcovina SM, Miller V, et al. Effect of postmenopausal hormone therapy on lipoprotein(a) concentration. Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Investigators. Circulation 1998;97:979-86. DOI
- Freeman EW, Weinstock L, Rickels K, et al. A placebo-controlled study of effects of oral progesterone on performance and mood. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1992;33:293-8. PubMed
- Pouly JL, Bassil S, Frydman R, et al. Luteal support after in-vitro fertilization: Crinone 8%, a sustained release vaginal progesterone gel, versus Utrogestan, an oral micronized progesterone. Hum Reprod 1996;11:2085-9.
- Aebi S, Schnider T W, Los G, et al. A phase II/pharmacokinetic trial of high-dose progesterone in combination with paclitaxel. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 1999;44(3):259-265. PubMed
- de, Wit H., Schmitt, L., Purdy, R., and Hauger, R. Effects of acute progesterone administration in healthy postmenopausal women and normally-cycling women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2001;26(7):697-710. PubMed
- Soderpalm, A. H., Lindsey, S., Purdy, R. H., Hauger, R., and Wit, de H. Administration of progesterone produces mild sedative-like effects in men and women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2004;29(3):339-354. PubMed
- Crammer, J. L. Premenstrual depression, cortisol and oestradiol treatment. Psychol.Med. 1986;16(2):451-455. PubMed
- Magill, P. J. Investigation of the efficacy of progesterone pessaries in the relief of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. progesterone Study Group. Br.J.Gen.Pract. 1995;45(400):589-593.
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