Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 11 of 16 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Super Reds Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Essante Organics

Super Reds label
See full label image
Powder Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Super Reds against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Super Reds is a dietary supplement by Essante Organics with 16 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for general antioxidant support, eye health, immune support.Based on those ingredients, 1,263 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Goji, Pomegranate, Grape seed extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Super Reds by Essante Organics

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Super Reds by Essante Organics — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Super Reds by Essante Organics

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 14 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (6 Gram(s)) without saying how much of each component you get.

Super Reds is a powder blend of 14 ingredients, with a proprietary blend of red and purple fruits at its core. The active ingredients are goji, noni, blueberry, mangosteen, papaya, grape seed extract, pomegranate, cranberry, blackberry, and acai — all chosen for their antioxidant and phytonutrient content.

The blend also contains fiber, stevia (a sweetener), and salt. We weren't able to check raspberry for interactions, as we hold no data on it.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • The label markets general wellness (“Antioxidant support and general wellness”), not a specific health condition, so there is no single claim to grade against clinical-evidence data.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) — rated "Possibly Effective" (Grape) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Hypertension — rated "Possibly Effective" (Pomegranate) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Periodontitis — rated "Possibly Effective" (Mangosteen) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) — rated "Possibly Effective" (Cranberry) (Natural Medicines).

The effectiveness evidence for Super Reds' individual ingredients is limited. For goji, the data shows insufficient evidence to rate it for cardiovascular health, blood pressure, weight loss, or sun protection.

Noni, blueberry, mangosteen, papaya, grape seed, pomegranate, cranberry, and acai all similarly lack reliable evidence for their marketed uses — ranging from heart health to anti-aging to athletic performance. Pomegranate shows possibly ineffective evidence for cholesterol management, and blueberry is rated possibly ineffective for high blood pressure.

In short, while these fruits are nutrient-rich foods, clinical proof that this supplement works for any particular health claim is not established in the data we hold.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Goji Noni Blueberry Mangosteen Papaya Grape Pomegranate Cranberry

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 9 of the 11 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 11 of 11.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 11 of 11.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Most of these ingredients are generally well tolerated when eaten as whole foods. Goji, noni, and papaya carry rare but serious safety concerns: goji and noni have been linked to isolated cases of liver injury, and papaya can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive people.

Noni's high potassium content is a particular risk if you take heart or blood pressure medications. Blueberry, grape seed, pomegranate, and cranberry may cause mild gastrointestinal upset — constipation, diarrhea, nausea — in some people, especially at higher doses.

Mangosteen extract has caused tiredness, headache, and dizziness in trial participants, though causation is unclear. For pregnancy, goji and papaya should be avoided due to traditional reports of uterine effects and limited safety data; noni is traditionally used to cause abortion and must be avoided.

Blueberry, pomegranate, cranberry, and grape seed lack adequate pregnancy safety data for concentrated supplements, so food amounts are safer. Breastfeeding data is similarly thin for most ingredients.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Goji Noni Blueberry Mangosteen Papaya Grape Pomegranate Cranberry

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 10 of the 11 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Pomegranate, Grape, Papaya, Stevia, Noni, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,264 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check these medication types before taking Super Reds. Goji poses a Major risk with warfarin (blood thinner), increasing bleeding and INR.

Noni, papaya, pomegranate, grape seed, and cranberry all interact with blood thinners at Moderate severity — warfarin users need particular caution. Noni, pomegranate, and stevia affect blood pressure meds; noni's high potassium also interacts with ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and potassium-sparing diuretics at Moderate severity.

Papaya, noni, goji, blueberry, acai, and stevia interact with diabetes medications. Grape seed and pomegranate affect multiple drug-metabolizing enzymes and cholesterol medications.

If you take any of these classes, run your exact medications through the checker below.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Super Reds is a multi-ingredient supplement with substantial medication interactions, particularly with blood thinners, heart drugs, blood pressure meds, and diabetes medications. If you take any prescription medication — especially warfarin, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or diuretics — check your specific drugs against the interaction tool on this page before starting.

The product is not established to be effective for any particular health claim. Pregnant or nursing?

Talk to your pharmacist or doctor first; several ingredients are not safe in these periods.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 11 of 14 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 20, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Super Reds, straight from the product label.

Brand Essante Organics
Net contents 30 Sachet(s); 227 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 20, 2024
DSLD ID 313783
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Organic, Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Super Reds by Essante Organics, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
6 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
6 Gram(s)
Servings per container
30
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories5 Calorie(s)--
Proprietary Blend6 Gram(s)--
Cholesterol0 Gram(s)--
Total Fat0 Gram(s)--
Protein1 Gram(s)2%
Salt0 Gram(s)--
Raspberry0 NP--
Goji0 NP--
Noni0 NP--
Sugars3 Gram(s)--
Fiber1 Gram(s)4%
Blueberry0 NP--
Mangosteen0 NP--
Carbohydrates5 Gram(s)2%
Papaya0 NP--
Grape seed extract0 NP--
Pomegranate0 NP--
Cranberry0 NP--
Blackberry0 NP--
Stevia0 NP--
Acai0 NP--

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Mix 1 sachet in 1 ounce to 8 ounces of water or other liquid. Take once daily. Have fun by adding Super Reds to: Almond milk Oatmeal Cereal Pancakes Muffins Fruit Yogurt Cottage Cheese Desserts Fruit Pops

Storage

Storage: Store in a cool dry place. No refrigeration required.

Formulation

Certified to USDA Organic Standards by Oregon Tilth

Dietary Supplement Sachets Supports: Heart Cholesterol, triglycerides DNA telomere health Joints, swelling Blood sugar, insulin Blood pressure Detoxification Metabolism Immunity Sex organs (incl. prostate) Muscles Bones Cell growth/replication Testosterone & libido Bladder, liver & kidneys Histamines, respiration Eyes & brain Anti-aging (incl. skin) Digestion Benefits: No heat dehydration Ionically charged ORAC up to 202,000

Vegan

No-GMOs No pesticides

Alkalizing/pH blanced

Certified Organic

Super Reds delivers the world's most antioxidant rich, organic superfoods.

Dietary Supplement Sachets

Organic Whole Superfoods

No heat dehydration ensures vitamins, minerals, OPC's, phytonutrients, xanthones, enzymes adaptogens, electrolytes & antioxidants remain intact

USDA Organic

Vegan

Gluten free Soy free No GMOs

High ORAC up to 202,000 ORAC value (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) Low GI PH Balanced

No heat dehydration ensures vitamins, minerals, OPC's, phytonutrients, xanthones, enzymes, adaptogens, electrolytes, & antioxidants remain intact

Formula

Antioxidants Vitamins Minerals Phytonutrients Xanthones Adaptogens OPC's Enzymes Amino acids Fatty acids Electrolytes

Super Reds delivers the world's most antioxidant rich, organic superfoods.

Fun fact: Goji berry contains over 40 plant based vitamins and minerals, 18 amino acids, and 53% protein.

Super Reds 5.5 lbs. of fruit nutrition per sachet

Precautions

Consult your health care professional prior to taking this or any other dietary supplement. Do not use if seal is broken.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

The Food and Drug Administration has not evaluated these statements. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Seals/Symbols

USDA Organic Vegan

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

General Statements

How long would it take & how much would it cost to fill a grocery cart daily with 5.5 lbs. of organic fruit & prep it?

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Super Reds by Essante Organics label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Super Reds label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Super Reds by Essante Organics

These are the 16 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size6 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Proprietary Blend

6 Gram(s) per serving

Protein

1 Gram(s) per serving

Salt

0 Gram(s) per serving

Fiber

1 Gram(s) per serving

Carbohydrates

5 Gram(s) per serving
Interaction report

Super Reds by Essante Organics Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Super Reds?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,263Drugs
2 Major 1,260 Moderate 1 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Goji 1,000
Pomegranate 922
Grape seed extract 910
Cranberry 712
Noni 542

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Super Reds interact with 1,263 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

10 of the 16 ingredients in Super Reds interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Goji Pomegranate Grape seed extract Cranberry Noni Stevia Mangosteen Papaya Blueberry Acai

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Super Reds with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Goji8 drug types · 1,000 drugs

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Goji can increase the effects of warfarin and possibly increase the risk of bleeding.
There are at least 5 case reports of increased international normalized ratio (INR) in patients stabilized on warfarin who began drinking goji juice, concentrated goji tea, or goji wine. Goji may inhibit the metabolism of warfarin by cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9).

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of goji root bark, but not goji fruit, with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects.
Animal and in vitro research suggest that goji root bark has hypotensive effects. However, goji fruit juice does not appear to reduce systolic or diastolic blood pressure in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2C19 and reduce metabolism of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research shows that goji berry tincture and juice inhibit CYP2C19 enzymes. Concomitant use with goji may decrease metabolism and increase levels of CYP2C19 substrates. However, this has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2C9 and reduce metabolism of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that goji berry tincture and juice inhibit CYP2C9 enzymes. Additionally, multiple case reports suggest that goji berry concentrated tea and juice inhibit the metabolism of warfarin, a CYP2C9 substrate. Concomitant use with goji may decrease metabolism and increase levels of CYP2C9 substrates.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2D6 and reduce metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates.
In vitro research shows that goji berry juice inhibits CYP2D6 enzymes. Concomitant use with goji may decrease metabolism and increase levels of CYP2D6 substrates. However, this has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that goji berry juice inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes. Concomitant use with goji may decrease metabolism and increase levels of CYP3A4 substrates. However, this has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Flecainide (Tambocor)

Theoretically, goji berry might increase the levels and clinical effects of flecainide.
In one case report, a 75-year-old patient stable on flecainide and warfarin presented to the emergency room with fainting and pleomorphic arrhythmia caused by flecainide toxicity. Flecainide toxicity was attributed to drinking 1-2 glasses of concentrated goji tea daily for 2 weeks. Theoretically, goji may have inhibited the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) metabolism of flecainide.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of goji fruit polysaccharides or goji root bark with antidiabetes drugs might have additive effects.
Animal and in vitro research show that goji root bark and fruit polysaccharides might have hypoglycemic effects. However, clinical research has only shown that taking goji fruit polysaccharides with or without antidiabetes drugs modestly reduces postprandial glucose when compared with control, with no reports of hypoglycemia.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Goji full monograph & interactions

Pomegranate9 drug types · 922 drugs

Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Theoretically, taking pomegranate with ACEIs might increase the risk of adverse effects.
Pomegranate juice is thought to have ACE inhibitor-like effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking pomegranate with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Consuming pomegranate juice can modestly lower blood pressure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro, pomegranate juice inhibits CYP2D6. However, the clinical significance of this potential interaction in humans is not known.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Rosuvastatin (Crestor)

Theoretically, taking pomegranate with rosuvastatin might increase the risk of adverse effects.
In one case, a patient taking rosuvastatin 5 mg every other day in combination with ezetimibe 10 mg daily developed rhabdomyolysis after drinking pomegranate juice 200 mL twice weekly for 3 weeks. This patient had a history of elevated creatine kinase levels while not receiving any statin treatment. This suggests a possible underlying myopathy and predisposition to rhabdomyolysis.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, pomegranate might increase warfarin levels and increase the risk of bleeding. Also, discontinuing regular consumption of pomegranate juice might decrease warfarin levels.
In one case report, a patient had a stable, therapeutic bleeding time, as measured by international normalized ratio (INR), while taking warfarin in combination with pomegranate juice 2-3 times per week. The patient became subtherapeutic within about 10 days after discontinuing pomegranate juice, which required a warfarin dose increase. In another case report, a patient with a stable INR for over one year presented with an INR of 14. The patient noted no changes to medications or diet but did report consuming around 3 liters of pomegranate juice over the previous week. The patient's INR stabilized upon moderation of pomegranate juice consumption. The mechanism of this potential interaction is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Theoretically, taking pomegranate with carbamazepine might increase the risk of adverse effects, although research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Animal research shows that pomegranate juice may inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) metabolism of carbamazepine and increase levels of carbamazepine by 1.5 times without prolonging the elimination half-life. This suggests that pomegranate juice inhibits intestinal CYP3A4, but might not inhibit hepatic CYP3A4. However, some human research suggests that pomegranate does not significantly inhibit CYP3A4 drug metabolism in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Some animal and in vitro research shows that pomegranate juice inhibits intestinal, but not hepatic, CYP2C9 isoenzyme activity. However, clinical research shows that neither pomegranate juice nor pomegranate extract have a significant effect on CYP2C9 activity in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Pomegranate contains several polyphenols that have individually been shown to inhibit CYP3A4. However, there is contradictory evidence about the effect of whole pomegranate juice on CYP3A4 activity. In vitro, pomegranate juice significantly inhibits the CYP3A4 enzyme, with comparable inhibition to grapefruit juice. In an animal model, pomegranate juice inhibits CYP3A4 metabolism of carbamazepine and increases levels of carbamazepine by 1.5 times; however, in human volunteers, drinking a single glass of pomegranate juice 240 mL or taking 200 mL daily for 2 weeks does not significantly affect levels of the CYP3A4 substrate midazolam after oral or intravenous administration. Another study in healthy volunteers shows that consuming pomegranate juice 300 mL three times daily for three days also does not significantly affect levels of simvastatin, a CYP3A4 substrate This suggests that pomegranate is unlikely to significantly affect levels of CYP3A4 substrates in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Tolbutamide (Orinase)

Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of tolbutamide, although research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Animal research shows that pomegranate juice inhibits the cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) metabolism of tolbutamide. Pomegranate juice increased tolbutamide levels by 1.2 times without prolonging the elimination half-life. This suggests that pomegranate juice inhibits intestinal CYP2C9, but might not inhibit hepatic CYP2C9. Despite this evidence, clinical research shows that neither pomegranate juice nor pomegranate extract have a significant effect on CYP2C9 activity in humans. This interaction does not appear to be clinically significant in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Pomegranate full monograph & interactions

Grape seed extract9 drug types · 910 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that grape extracts might decrease platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Ingesting grape juice with cyclosporine can reduce cyclosporine absorption.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy young adults shows that intake of purple grape juice 200 mL along with cyclosporine can decrease the absorption of cyclosporine by up to 30% when compared with water. Separate doses of grape juice and cyclosporine by at least 2 hours to avoid this interaction.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, grape juice might reduce the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy adults shows that ingestion of 200 mL of grape juice decreases phenacetin plasma levels. This is thought to be due to induction of CYP1A2.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, grape seed extract may increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
In vitro evidence suggests that grape seed extract might inhibit CYP2D6 enzymes. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates

Theoretically, grape seed extract might increase the levels of CYP2E1 substrates.
In vitro and animal research suggests that grape seed proanthocyanidin extract inhibits CYP2E1 enzymes. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
In vitro evidence suggests that grape seed extract might inhibit CYP3A4 enzymes. However, evidence from animal research shows that grape seed extract may induce CYP3A4 in the liver. So far, these interactions have not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Midazolam (Versed)

Theoretically, long-term intake of grape seed extract might decrease the effects of midazolam.
Animal research shows that subchronic ingestions of grape seed extract can increase the elimination of intravenous midazolam by increasing hepatic CYP3A4 activity. Single doses of grape seed extract do not appear to affect midazolam elimination.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenacetin

Grape juice might decrease phenacetin absorption.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy adults shows that ingestion of 200 mL of grape juice decreases phenacetin plasma levels. This is thought to be due to induction of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2).

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

It is unclear if grape juice or grape seed extract inhibits CYP2C9; research is conflicting.
In vitro evidence shows that grape seed extract or grape juice might inhibit CYP2C9 enzymes. However, a small pharmacokinetic study in healthy adults shows that drinking 8 ounces of grape juice once does not affect the clearance of flurbiprofen, a probe-drug for CYP2C9 metabolism. The effects of continued grape juice consumption are unclear.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Grape seed extract full monograph & interactions

Cranberry6 drug types · 712 drugs

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Theoretically, cranberry might increase levels and adverse effects of atorvastatin.
In one case report, a patient taking atorvastatin experienced upper back pain, rhabdomyolysis, and abnormal liver function after drinking cranberry juice 16 ounces daily for 2 weeks. Theoretically, this may have been caused by inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes by cranberry juice, as atorvastatin is a CYP3A4 substrate. Creatinine kinase and liver enzymes normalized within 2 weeks of stopping cranberry juice. Patients taking atorvastatin should avoid large quantities of cranberry juice.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
A case of upper back pain, rhabdomyolysis, and abnormal liver function has been reported for a patient taking atorvastatin, a CYP3A4 substrate, in combination with cranberry juice 16 ounces daily for 2 weeks. Creatinine kinase and liver enzymes normalized within 2 weeks of stopping cranberry juice. Also, animal research suggests that cranberry juice, administered intraduodenally 30 minutes prior to nifedipine, a CYP3A4 substrate, inhibits nifedipine metabolism and increases the area under the concentration-time curve by 1.6-fold compared to control.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Nifedipine (Procardia)

Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of nifedipine.
Animal research suggests that cranberry juice, administered intraduodenally 30 minutes prior to nifedipine treatment, inhibits nifedipine metabolism and increases the area under the concentration-time curve by 1.6-fold compared to control. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of warfarin. However, research is conflicting.
There is contradictory evidence about the effect of cranberry juice on warfarin. Case reports have linked cranberry juice consumption to increases in the international normalized ratio (INR) in patients taking warfarin, resulting in severe spontaneous bleeding and excessive postoperative bleeding. Daily consumption of cranberry sauce for one week has also been linked to an increase in INR in one case report. In a small study in healthy young males, taking a high dose of 3 grams of cranberry juice concentrate capsules, equivalent to 57 grams of fruit daily, for 2 weeks produced a 30% increase in the area under the INR-time curve after a single 25-mg dose of warfarin. However, 3 very small clinical studies in patients stabilized on warfarin reported that cranberry juice 250 mL once or twice daily for 7 days (27% cranberry juice or pure cranberry juice) or 240 mL once daily for 14 days does not significantly increase INR or affect plasma warfarin levels. The reasons for these discrepant findings are unclear. It is possible that the form and dose of cranberry may play a role, as cranberry extracts and juices contain different constituents. Additionally, an in vitro study evaluating 5 different cranberry juices found varying effects, with only a cranberry concentrate, and not diluted cranberry juices, inhibiting CYP2C9. However, this concentrate did not inhibit CYP2C9 activity in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C9 substrates. However, research is conflicting.
There is contradictory evidence about the effect of cranberry on CYP2C9 enzymes. In vitro evidence suggests that flavonoids in cranberry inhibit CYP2C9 enzymes. However, clinical research shows that cranberry juice does not significantly affect the levels, metabolism, or elimination of the CYP2C9 substrates flurbiprofen or diclofenac. Also, in patients stabilized on warfarin, drinking cranberry juice 250 mL daily for 7 days does not significantly increase the anticoagulant activity of warfarin, a CYP2C9 substrate. Additional pharmacokinetic research shows that cranberry juice does not increase peak plasma concentrations or area under the concentration-time curve of warfarin.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Diclofenac (Voltaren, Others)

Theoretically, cranberry might modestly increase the levels and adverse effects of diclofenac.
In vitro evidence suggests that cranberry juice inhibits diclofenac metabolism by human liver microsomes. However, drinking cranberry juice does not seem to affect diclofenac metabolism in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Cranberry full monograph & interactions

Noni8 drug types · 542 drugs

Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Theoretically, combining noni and ACE inhibitors might increase the risk of hyperkalemia.
Noni juice contains significant amounts of potassium, about 6 mEq/100 mL juice. This may increase the risk for hyperkalemia when used in conjunction with ACE inhibitors, which can also increase potassium levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Arbs)

Theoretically, combining noni and ARBs might increase the risk of hyperkalemia.
Noni juice contains significant amounts of potassium, about 6 mEq/100 mL juice. This may increase the risk for hyperkalemia when used in conjunction with ARBs, which can also increase potassium levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, noni may increase the risk of hypotension when used in combination with antihypertensive drugs.
Preliminary clinical research suggests that drinking noni juice can reduce blood pressure in individuals with hypertension.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
There is concern that noni might cause hepatotoxicity in some patients. Advise patients against combining noni with potentially hepatotoxic drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Theoretically, taking noni fruit juice concomitantly with phenytoin may lower phenytoin levels and increase the risk of seizures.
In one case report, an adult taking phenytoin for partial seizures experienced low serum phenytoin levels while taking noni juice 90-200 mL daily. Serum phenytoin levels increased after decreasing noni juice consumption; similarly, serum phenytoin levels decreased after increasing noni juice consumption. Some researchers believe noni juice may induce cytochrome P450 2C9 enzymes, which would decrease phenytoin levels, but this has not been well studied. Patients may need additional monitoring when starting or stopping noni juice supplementation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Theoretically, combing noni and a potassium-sparing diuretic might increase the risk of hyperkalemia.
Noni juice contains significant amounts of potassium, about 6 mEq/100 mL juice. This may increase the risk for hyperkalemia when used in conjunction with potassium-sparing diuretics, which can also increase potassium levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, taking noni juice concomitantly with warfarin might decrease the effectiveness of warfarin.
In one case, a 41-year-old patient stabilized on warfarin had a decreased international normalized ratio (INR) following consumption of a specific commercial noni juice product (Noni juice 4 Everything). While the patient was still taking noni juice, an increase in warfarin dose did not produce an increase in INR. However, it should be noted that this particular product contained extracts and derivatives from more than 115 components, many of which contained vitamin K. Furthermore, vitamin K was listed as a separate ingredient of the product, suggesting that the product was possibly fortified with vitamin K. It has not been verified that noni fruit alone contains a significant amount of vitamin K or interacts with warfarin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Ranitidine (Zantac)

Taking noni fruit with ranitidine might increase the levels and clinical effects of ranitidine.
Clinical evidence shows that taking an aqueous extract of noni fruit 30 minutes prior to taking a single oral dose of ranitidine can increase the rate of absorption and plasma concentration of ranitidine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Noni full monograph & interactions

Stevia3 drug types · 259 drugs

Lithium

Theoretically, stevia might decrease clearance and increase levels of lithium.
Animal research suggests that stevia extracts might have diuretic activity. Theoretically, increased reabsorption of lithium along with sodium might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, stevia might increase the risk for hypoglycemia when combined with antidiabetes drugs.
Preliminary clinical research in patients with type 2 diabetes suggests that taking a single dose of stevia extract 1000 mg reduces postprandial blood glucose levels when taken with a meal. However, other clinical research in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes suggests that taking stevioside 250 mg three times daily does not significantly affect blood glucose levels or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) after three months of treatment.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, combining stevia or stevia constituents with antihypertensive agents might increase the risk of hypotension.
Stevia extract and stevioside might lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension. However, other clinical research suggests that stevioside does not significantly lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Stevia full monograph & interactions

Mangosteen2 drug types · 125 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of mangosteen with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs may increase the risk of bleeding.
In vitro and animal research shows that gamma-mangostin, a constituent of mangosteen, is a potent and competitive antagonist of the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor. Antagonism of the 5-HT2A receptor is believed to reduce platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Donepezil (Aricept)

Theoretically, concomitant use of mangosteen with donepezil might increase the effects of donepezil.
Animal research shows that concomitant use of an aqueous extract of mangosteen pericarp with donepezil increases brain concentrations of donepezil at 4 hours by 64% without associated effects on systemic exposure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Mangosteen full monograph & interactions

Papaya4 drug types · 92 drugs

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

Theoretically, papaya extract may increase the levels and clinical effects of amiodarone.
Animal research in rats shows that a single oral dose of papaya extract, as well as multiple doses of papaya extract daily over 14 days, prior to a single dose of amiodarone delays the time to maximum amiodarone concentration. However, only the 14-day papaya extract regimen increases systemic amiodarone exposure by 60% to 70%. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Concomitant use of antidiabetic drugs with fermented papaya can produce additive effects. It is unclear if other forms of papaya have the same effect.
A small low-quality clinical study in patients with type 2 diabetes who are taking glibenclamide shows that taking a fermented papaya preparation 3 grams daily for 2 months decreases fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels when compared to baseline. Additionally, of the 25 patients in the study, 9 required a reduction in glibenclamide dose.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)

Theoretically, consuming large quantities of papaya fruit can reduce the clinical effects of levothyroxine.
In one case-report, a 37-year-old male with a history of thyroidectomy who was stabilized on levothyroxine for 5 years presented with hypothyroidism after consuming 5-6 papaya fruits daily for 14 days during vacation. In a controlled re-challenge test involving 5-6 papayas daily, the patient remained euthyroid for 7 days, but developed mild hypothyroidism after 14 days. Both times, thyroid levels normalized 40-45 days after discontinuing papaya.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, concomitant use of warfarin with papain-containing papaya extract might increase the effects and side effects of warfarin.
In one case report, a patient previously stable on warfarin was found to have an international normalization ratio (INR) of 7.4, which was attributed to ingestion of a supplement containing papain from papaya extract.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Papaya full monograph & interactions

Blueberry3 drug types · 88 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, blueberries or blueberry leaf extracts might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal and in vitro research suggests that blueberry and/or blueberry leaf extracts can lower blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Buspirone (Buspar)

Theoretically, blueberry juice might increase blood levels of buspirone.
In vitro research shows that blueberry juice can inhibit the metabolism of buspirone, possibly by inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) enzymes. However, pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that drinking 300 mL of blueberry juice 30 minutes before taking buspirone hydrochloride 10 mg does not significantly affect the concentration or clearance of buspirone.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Flurbiprofen (Ansaid, Others)

Theoretically, blueberry juice might increase blood levels of flurbiprofen.
In vitro research shows that blueberry juice can inhibit the metabolism of flurbiprofen, possibly by inhibiting cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) enzymes. However, pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that drinking 300 mL of blueberry juice 30 minutes before taking flurbiprofen 100 mg does not significantly affect the concentration or clearance of flurbiprofen.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Blueberry full monograph & interactions

Acai1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking acai with antidiabetes drugs might interfere with glycemic control.
Preliminary clinical research in healthy adults has shown that taking acai may increase or decrease levels of fasting blood glucose.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Acai full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Super Reds, from the product label.

Essante Organics

See all Essante Organics products
Name
Essante Organics
Street Address
11001 N. 24th Ave.
City
Phoenix
State
AZ
ZipCode
85029
Phone Number
(602) 595-7560
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Super Reds by Essante Organics: Common Questions

Does Super Reds by Essante Organics interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Super Reds has a known interaction with 1,263 medications, including 2 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Super Reds contains 16 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm on warfarin?
Not without checking first. Goji, noni, papaya, pomegranate, and cranberry in this product all interact with warfarin and can increase bleeding risk or change how well it works. Use the medication checker on this page with your exact dose, and talk to your pharmacist or doctor before starting.
What's actually in the proprietary blend?
The formula lists goji, noni, blueberry, mangosteen, papaya, grape seed extract, pomegranate, cranberry, blackberry, and acai as the red and purple fruits. It also contains fiber, stevia, and salt. The exact amounts of each ingredient in the proprietary blend aren't broken out on the label.
Can I take this while pregnant?
Not safely, based on the data we have. Goji and papaya should be avoided — they've been traditionally used to affect the uterus, and safety data is limited. Noni is traditionally used to cause abortion and must be avoided. Other ingredients lack adequate pregnancy safety data for supplement doses. Talk to your obstetrician or pharmacist if you're thinking about this product.
Will this help my blood pressure or cholesterol?
The evidence doesn't support that claim. Pomegranate is rated possibly ineffective for cholesterol. Goji, blueberry, and most other ingredients have insufficient evidence to rate them for heart health or blood pressure. While these are nutritious fruits as foods, this supplement is not proven to treat or prevent any condition.
Are there any common side effects?
Mostly mild. Blueberry, pomegranate, and cranberry can cause diarrhea, constipation, or nausea in some people, especially at higher doses. Noni and goji carry rare but serious risks of liver injury. Mangosteen has caused tiredness and headache in studies. Most side effects are digestive and mild.
What if I'm taking a diabetes medication?
Several ingredients in this blend interact with diabetes drugs. Goji, noni, blueberry, acai, and stevia all theoretically lower blood sugar and could add to your medication's effect. Talk to your pharmacist or doctor before starting, especially if your blood sugar is already well controlled.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Super Reds label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Super Reds’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Goji

Interacts with 1,000 drugs

Goji berries are a nutritious fruit rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and plant polysaccharides, and they are safe for most people as a food. While they are popular for eye health, immune supp...

Read the full Goji monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Noni

Interacts with 542 drugs

Noni is a tropical fruit used widely in folk medicine and sold mostly as a juice or supplement, but solid human evidence for its many claimed benefits is limited. While moderate juice intake...

Read the full Noni monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Blueberry

Interacts with 88 drugs

Blueberries are a nutritious fruit rich in antioxidants called anthocyanins, and eating them as part of a balanced diet is healthy and safe for most people. Concentrated supplements are mark...

Read the full Blueberry monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Mangosteen

Interacts with 125 drugs

Mangosteen is a tropical fruit whose rind is rich in plant compounds called xanthones that act as antioxidants. While it is popular in juices and supplements for inflammation, immune support...

Read the full Mangosteen monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Papaya

Interacts with 92 drugs

Papaya is a tropical fruit that is nutritious and generally safe to eat as food, and it contains an enzyme called papain used as a digestive aid and meat tenderizer. Papaya leaf extract is b...

Read the full Papaya monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Grape

Interacts with 910 drugs

Grapes and grape products like grape seed extract contain antioxidant compounds such as resveratrol and proanthocyanidins that may support heart and blood vessel health. While the food is he...

Read the full Grape monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Pomegranate

Interacts with 922 drugs

Pomegranate is a nutrient-rich fruit that is high in antioxidants and is widely enjoyed as food and juice. Early research suggests it may support heart health and blood pressure, but the evi...

Read the full Pomegranate monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Cranberry

Interacts with 712 drugs

Cranberry is best known for helping to prevent repeated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in some people, and the evidence here is moderate but mixed. It is not a reliable treatment for an act...

Read the full Cranberry monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Blackberry

Blackberry is a common edible berry that is safe and nutritious as a food, rich in vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidant plant compounds. The leaves and root have a long history of traditional u...

Read the full Blackberry monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Stevia

Interacts with 259 drugs

Stevia is a plant-based, calorie-free sweetener that is widely used as a sugar alternative and is considered safe in normal food amounts by major regulators. Purified stevia extracts have a...

Read the full Stevia monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Acai

Interacts with 86 drugs

Acai is a nutritious Amazonian berry rich in antioxidants and healthy fats, and it is fine to enjoy as a food. However, strong human evidence is lacking for the bold health claims often atta...

Read the full Acai monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Super Reds's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 164 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Goji 14 references
  1. Huang KC. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1999.
  2. Lam AY, Elmer GW, Mohutsky MA. Possible interaction between warfarin and Lycium Barbarum. Ann Pharmacother 2001;35:1199-201.
  3. Leung H, Hung A, Hui AC, Chan TY. Warfarin overdose due to the possible effects of Lycium barbarum L. Food Chem Toxicol 2008;46:1860-2. PubMed
  4. Amagase H, Nance DM. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical study of the general effects of a standardized Lycium barbarum (goji) juice, GoChi. J Altern Complement Med 2008;14:403-12.
  5. Rivera, C. A., Ferro, C. L., Bursua, A. J., and Gerber, B. S. Probable interaction between Lycium barbarum (goji) and warfarin. Pharmacotherapy 2012;32(3):e50-e53.
  6. Monzon, Ballarin S., Lopez-Matas, M. A., Saenz, Abad D., Perez-Cinto, N., and Carnes, J. Anaphylaxis associated with the ingestion of Goji berries (Lycium barbarum). J.Investig.Allergol.Clin.Immunol. 2011;21(7):567-570.
  7. Franco, M., Monmany, J., Domingo, P., and Turbau, M. [Autoimmune hepatitis triggered by consumption of Goji berries]. Med.Clin.(Barc.) 9-22-2012;139(7):320-321.
  8. Jiménez-Encarnación E, Ríos G, Muñoz-Mirabal A, Vilá LM. Euforia-induced acute hepatitis in a patient with scleroderma. BMJ Case Rep 2012;2012. PubMed
  9. Larramendi CH, García-Abujeta JL, Vicario S, García-Endrino A, López-Matas MA, García-Sedeño MD, et al. Goji berries (Lycium barbarum): Risk of allergic reactions in individuals with food allergy. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2012;22(5):345-50.
  10. Cai H, Liu F, Zuo P, Huang G, Song Z, Wang T, et al. Practical application of antidiabetic efficacy of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide in patients with type 2 diabetes. Med Chem. 2015;11(4):383-90.
  11. Potterat O. Goji (Lycium barbarum and L. chinense): Phytochemistry, pharmacology and safety in the perspective of traditional uses and recent popularity. Planta Med 2010;76(1):7-19.
  12. Guzmán CE, Guzmán-Moreno CG, Assad-Morell JL, Edgar Francisco Carrizales-Sepúlveda EF. Flecainide toxicity associated with the use of goji berries: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep. 2021;5(6):ytab204. PubMed
  13. Liu R, Tam TW, Mao J, et al. In vitro activity of Lycium barbarum (Goji) against major human phase I metabolism enzymes. Complement Integr Med. 2016;13(3):257-265.
  14. Zhang J, Tian L, Xie B. Bleeding due to a probable interaction between warfarin and Gouqizi (Lycium Barbarum L.). Toxicol Rep. 2015;2:1209-1212. PubMed

See these in context on the Goji monograph →

Noni 16 references
  1. Mueller BA, Scott MK, Sowinski KM, Prag KA. Noni juice (Morinda citrifolia): hidden potential for hyperkalemia? Am J Kidney Dis 2000;35:310-2. PubMed
  2. Millonig G, Stadlmann S, Vogel W. Herbal hepatotoxicity: acute hepatitis caused by a Noni preparation (Morinda citrifolia). Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;17:445-7. PubMed
  3. Stadlbauer V, Fickert P, Lackner C, et al. Hepatotoxicity of NONI juice: report of two cases. World J Gastroenterol 2005;11:4758-60. PubMed
  4. Carr ME, Klotz J, Bergeron M. Coumadin resistance and the vitamin supplement "Noni". Am J Hematol 2004;77:103. PubMed
  5. Jensen CJ, Westendorf J, Wang MY, Wadsworth DP. Noni juice protects the liver. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;18:575-7. PubMed
  6. Yuce B, Gulberg V, Diebold J, Gerbes AL. Hepatitis induced by noni juice from morinda citrifolia: a rare cause of hepatotoxicity or the tip of the iceberg? Digestion 2006;73:167-70.
  7. Koch E, Biber A. Treatment of rats with the Pelargonium sidoides extract EPs 7630 has no effect on blood coagulation parameters or on the pharmacokinetics of warfarin. Phytomedicine 2007;14 Suppl 6:40-5. PubMed
  8. Yu EL, Sivagnanam M, Ellis L, Huang JS. Acute hepatotoxicity after ingestion of Morinda citrifolia (noni berry) juice in a 14-year-old boy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011;52:222-4.
  9. Stadlbauer V, Weiss S, Payer F, Stauber RE. Herbal does not at all mean innocuous: the sixth case of hepatotoxicity associated with morinda citrifolia (noni). Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:2406-7. PubMed
  10. López-Cepero Andrada JM, Lerma Castilla S, Fernández Olvera MD, Amaya Vidal A. [Hepatotoxicity caused by a noni (Morinda citrifolia) preparation]. [Article in Spanish] Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2007;99:179-81.
  11. Nima S, Kasiwong S, Ridtitid W, et al. Gastrokinetic activity of Morinda citrifolia aqueous fruit extract and its possible mechanism of action in human and rat models. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012;142(2):354-61. PubMed
  12. Issell, B. F., Gotay, C. C., Pagano, I., and Franke, A. A. Using quality of life measures in a Phase I clinical trial of noni in patients with advanced cancer to select a Phase II dose. J.Diet.Suppl 2009;6(4):347-359. PubMed
  13. Palu AK, Santiago RA West B Kaluhiokalani N Jensen J. The Effects of Morillda citrifolia L. Noni on High Blood Pressure: A Mechanistic Investigation and Case Study. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 993 2008;
  14. Jiménez-Encarnación E, Ríos G, Muñoz-Mirabal A, Vilá LM. Euforia-induced acute hepatitis in a patient with scleroderma. BMJ Case Rep 2012;2012. PubMed
  15. Bussmann RW, Hennig L, Giannis A, Ortwein J, Kutchan TM, Feng X. Anthraquinone Content in Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:208378.
  16. Yu-Chan Kang, Ming-Hong Chen, Shung-Lon Lai. Potentially Unsafe Herb-drug Interactions Between a Commercial Product of Noni Juice and Phenytoin- A Case Report. Acta Neurol Taiwan. 2015 Jun;24(2):43-6.

See these in context on the Noni monograph →

Blueberry 7 references
  1. Cignarella A, Nastasi M, Cavalli E, Puglisi L. Novel lipid-lowering properties of Vaccinium myrtillus L. leaves, a traditional antidiabetic treatment, in several models of rat dyslipidaemia: a comparison with ciprofibrate. Thromb Res 1996;84:311-22. PubMed
  2. Wang SY, Lin HS. Antioxidant activity in fruits and leaves of blackberry, raspberry, and strawberry varies with cultivar and developmental stage. J Agric Food Chem 2000;48:140-6.. PubMed
  3. Martineau, L. C., Couture, A., Spoor, D., Benhaddou-Andaloussi, A., Harris, C., Meddah, B., Leduc, C., Burt, A., Vuong, T., Mai, Le P., Prentki, M., Bennett, S. A., Arnason, J. T., and Haddad, P. S. Anti-diabetic properties of the Canadian lowbush bluebe
  4. Vuong, T., Martineau, L. C., Ramassamy, C., Matar, C., and Haddad, P. S. Fermented Canadian lowbush blueberry juice stimulates glucose uptake and AMP-activated protein kinase in insulin-sensitive cultured muscle cells and adipocytes. Can J Physiol Pharma
  5. Hanley MJ, Masse G, Harmatz JS, Cancalon PF, Dolnikowski GG, Court MH, Greenblatt DJ. Effect of blueberry juice on clearance of buspirone and flurbiprofen in human volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Apr;75(4):1041-52. PubMed
  6. Basu A, Du M, Leyva MJ, et al. Blueberries decrease cardiovascular risk factors in obese men and women with metabolic syndrome. J Nutr 2010;140(9):1582-7. PubMed
  7. Basu A, Feng D, Planinic P, Ebersole JL, Lyons TJ, Alexander JM. Dietary blueberry and soluble fiber supplementation reduces risk of gestational diabetes in women with obesity in a randomized controlled trial. J Nutr 2021;151(5):1128-38. PubMed

See these in context on the Blueberry monograph →

Mangosteen 6 references
  1. Chairungsrilerd N, Furukawa K, Ohta T, et al. Histaminergic and serotonergic receptor blocking substances from the medicinal plant Garcinia mangostana. Planta Med 1996;62:471-2.
  2. Wong LP, Klemmer PJ. Severe lactic acidosis associated with juice of the mangosteen fruit Garcinia mangostana. Am J Kidney Dis 2008;51:829-33. PubMed
  3. Furukawa, K., Chairungsrilerd, N., Ohta, T., Nozoe, S., and Ohizumi, Y. [Novel types of receptor antagonists from the medicinal plant Garcinia mangostana]. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 1997;110 Suppl 1:153P-158P. PubMed
  4. Chairungsrilerd, N., Furukawa, K., Tadano, T., Kisara, K., and Ohizumi, Y. Effect of gamma-mangostin through the inhibition of 5-hydroxy-tryptamine2A receptors in 5-fluoro-alpha-methyltryptamine-induced head-twitch responses of mice. Br J Pharmacol. 1998
  5. Suthammarak W, Numpraphrut P, Charoensakdi R, et al. Antioxidant-enhancing property of the polar fraction of mangosteen pericarp extract and evaluation of its safety in humans. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016;2016:1293036. PubMed
  6. Bae M, Han SY, Kim ES, et al. Effect of Water Extract of Mangosteen Pericarp on Donepezil Pharmacokinetics in Mice. Molecules 2021;26(17):5246. PubMed

See these in context on the Mangosteen monograph →

Papaya 14 references
  1. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  2. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  3. Shaw D, Leon C, Kolev S, Murray V. Traditional remedies and food supplements: a 5-year toxicological study (1991-1995). Drug Saf 1997;17:342-56.
  4. Mansfield LE, Ting S, Haverly RW, Yoo TJ. The incidence and clinical implications of hypersensitivity to papain in an allergic population, confirmed by blinded oral challenge. Ann Allergy 1985;55:541-3.
  5. Blanco C, Diaz-Perales A, Collada C, et al. Class I chitinases as potential panallergens involved in the latex-fruit syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103(3 Pt 1):507-13. PubMed
  6. Diaz-Perales A, Collada C, Blanco C, et al. Cross-reactions in the latex-fruit syndrome: A relevant role of chitinases but not of complex asparagine-linked glycans. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:681-7. PubMed
  7. Castillo, R., Delgado, J., Quiralte, J., Blanco, C., and Carrillo, T. Food hypersensitivity among adult patients: epidemiological and clinical aspects. Allergol.Immunopathol.(Madr.) 1996;24(3):93-97.
  8. Oderinde, O., Noronha, C., Oremosu, A., Kusemiju, T., and Okanlawon, O. A. Abortifacient properties of aqueous extract of Carica papaya (Linn) seeds on female Sprague-Dawley rats. Niger.Postgrad.Med J 2002;9(2):95-98. DOI
  9. Danese, C., Esposito, D., D'Alfonso, V., Cirene, M., Ambrosino, M., and Colotto, M. Plasma glucose level decreases as collateral effect of fermented papaya preparation use. Clin Ter. 2006;157(3):195-198.
  10. Iliev, D. and Elsner, P. Generalized drug reaction due to papaya juice in throat lozenges. Dermatology 1997;194(4):364-366. PubMed
  11. Andersen HA, Bernatz PE, Grindlay JH. Perforation of the esophagus after use of a digestant agent: report of case and experimental study. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1959;68:890-6. PubMed
  12. Deiana L, Marini S, Mariotti S. Ingestion of large amounts of papaya fruit and impaired effectiveness of levothyroxine therapy. Endocr Pract 2012;18(1):98-100. PubMed
  13. Rodrigues M, Alves G, Francisco J, Fortuna A, Falcão A. Herb-drug pharmacokinetic interaction between Carica papaya extract and amiodarone in rats. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014;17(3):302-15. PubMed
  14. Rajapakse S, de Silva NL, Weeratunga P, Rodrigo C, Sigera C, Fernando SD. Carica papaya extract in dengue: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019;19(1):265. PubMed

See these in context on the Papaya monograph →

Grape 34 references
  1. Kiesewetter H, Koscielny J, Kalus U, et al. Efficacy of orally administered extract of red vine leaf AS 195 (folia vitis viniferae) in chronic venous insufficiency (stages I-II). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arzneimittelforschung
  2. Xiao Dong S, Zhi Ping Z, Zhong Xiao W, et al. Possible enhancement of the first-pass metabolism of phenacetin by ingestion of grape juice in Chinese subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999;48:638-40. PubMed
  3. Vaswani SK, Hamilton RG, Carey RN, et al. Anaphylaxis recurrent urticaria and angioedema from grape hypersensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;101:S31.
  4. Chevallier A. The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. London, UK: Dorling Kindersley, Ltd., 1996.
  5. Bernstein DI, Bernstein CK, Deng C, et al. Evaluation of the clinical efficacy and safety of grapeseed extract in the treatment of fall seasonal allergic rhinitis: a pilot study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;88:272-8.. PubMed
  6. Greenblatt DJ, von Moltke LL, Perloff ES, et al. Interaction of flurbiprofen with cranberry juice, grape juice, tea, and fluconazole: in vitro and clinical studies. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006;79:125-33. PubMed
  7. Ward NC, Hodgson JM, Croft KD, et al. The combination of vitamin C and grape-seed polyphenols increases blood pressure: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Hypertens 2005;23:427-34.. PubMed
  8. Ray, S. D., Parikh, H., Hickey, E., Bagchi, M., and Bagchi, D. Differential effects of IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract and a DNA repair modulator 4-aminobenzamide on liver microsomal cytochrome 4502E1-dependent aniline hydroxylation. Mol Cell B PubMed
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Pomegranate 27 references
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Cranberry 33 references
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See these in context on the Cranberry monograph →

Blackberry 1 reference
  1. Antioxidants: In Depth — NIH NCCIH Source

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Stevia 10 references
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  2. Melis MS. A crude extract of Stevia rebaudiana increases the renal plasma flow of normal and hypertensive rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 1996;29:669-75.
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Acai 2 references
  1. Udani JK, Singh BB, Singh VJ, Barrett ML. Effects of acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) berry preparation on metabolic parameters in a healthy overweight population: a pilot study. Nutr J 2011;10:45.
  2. de Liz S, Cardoso AL, Copetti CLK, et al. Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) juices improved HDL-c levels and antioxidant defense of healthy adults in a 4-week randomized cross-over study. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(12):3629-3636. PubMed

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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