Herb & supplement monograph

Swamp Milkweed Drug Interactions, Uses, Safety & More

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Swamp Milkweed Drug Interactions: The Bottom Line

From the HelloPharmacist Editorial Team · Updated July 2026

Based on the available evidence, the overall risk of a clinically significant Swamp Milkweed drug interaction is moderate for most people, largely because the plant contains natural compounds that act on the heart much like digoxin. None of the listed interactions are minor; nearly all are rated moderate, and a few major concerns involve heart medications.

Interactions deserving the most attention

The clearest concern is with digoxin, since swamp milkweed's heart-active compounds could add to its effects and raise the risk of toxicity, and this interaction has the strongest documentation. Quinine also stands out because it may slow the body's clearance of these compounds. Medicines that can lower potassium, including potassium-depleting diuretics, long-term corticosteroids, and overused stimulant laxatives, matter too, because low potassium makes these plant compounds more toxic. Certain antibiotics may also increase how much of them the body absorbs.

What the rest of the list means

Although the list of medications is long, nearly every entry traces back to one shared concern: the plant's digoxin-like compounds. Most interactions are rated only possible, meaning they rest on theory or laboratory findings rather than effects proven in people, so appearing on the list does not mean a combination has actually caused harm.

Check your medications against Swamp Milkweed

Based on HelloPharmacist’s Swamp Milkweed interaction data and reviewed under our editorial standards.

Interaction report

Drugs that interact with Swamp Milkweed

156 medications have a known interaction with Swamp Milkweed, graded by severity. Select any drug for the full evidence-based detail.

3 major interactions. These combinations can be clinically significant — best avoided, or used only with close professional supervision. Always check with your pharmacist before combining them with Swamp Milkweed.

2,830 drugs
DigoxinDigitek, Lanoxicaps, Lanoxin› QuinineQualaquin› Quinine SulfateQuinamm, Quinine Sulfate› Acetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual› Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength PMS, Pamprin, Pamprin ES› AcetazolamideAk-Zol, Diamox› Amiloride, HydrochlorothiazideAmil-Co, Amilzide, Moduret 25, Moduretic› Ammonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride› Amphotericin, TetracyclineMysteclin-F› ArmodafinilNuvigil› Atenolol, ChlortalidoneAtenixCo, Tenoret 50, Totaretic› Atenolol, ChlorthalidoneTenoretic› Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone PropionateDymista› Azilsartan, ChlorthalidoneEdarbyclor› AzithromycinAzasite, Zithromax, Zmax› Beclometasone DipropionateBecotide› BeclomethasoneBeclovent, Vanceril› Beclomethasone DipropionateQNASL, Qvar› Benazepril, HydrochlorothiazideLotensin HCT› BendroflumethiazideAprinox, Naturetin, Neo-NaClex› Bendroflumethiazide, NadololCorzide› Bendroflumethiazide, PotassiumCentyl K, Neo-NaClex-K› Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia SerpentinaRauzide› BenzthiazideExna› BetamethasoneCelestone, Diprolene AF, Diprosone› Betamethasone DipropionateSernivo› Betamethasone Dipropionate, CalcipotrieneEnstilar, Wynzora› Betamethasone ValerateLuxiq› BisacodylDulcolax, Gentlax› Bisacodyl, DocusateDulcolax Laxative Tabs›
Read The List Like a Pharmacist

What Severity, Likelihood & Evidence Mean

Severity — How Serious It Can Be

  • Major. Clinically significant; generally best avoided, or used only under direct professional supervision.
  • Moderate. May need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separating the times you take each one.
  • Minor. Generally not clinically significant, but still worth noting and mentioning to your pharmacist.
  • No known interaction. Checked against our sources with nothing documented — not the same as proven safety.

Likelihood — How Well It’s Documented

  • Likely. Well-controlled human studies have demonstrated the likely existence of this interaction
  • Probable. Interaction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
  • Possible. Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists
  • Unlikely. Interaction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans.

Where This Data Comes From

  • Interaction records are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database (TRC Healthcare), the same reference used by pharmacists and hospitals.
  • Each drug listed above links to the full report for that exact Swamp Milkweed combination — clinical detail, likelihood, evidence level, and citations.
  • Content is reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists — see our data sources and editorial standards.
The big picture

The kinds of drugs Swamp Milkweed affects

Every type of medication (drug category) Swamp Milkweed is known to interact with. Open any category for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

All 7 drug categories Swamp Milkweed interacts with
Digoxin (lanoxin)QuinineCorticosteroidsDiuretic DrugsMacrolide AntibioticsStimulant LaxativesTetracycline Antibiotics
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, swamp milkweed might increase the risk of adverse effects and toxicity when taken with digoxin.
Swamp milkweed contains cardioactive steroids known as cardenolides that may have digitalis-like activity.

Likelihood Likely Evidence D
Quinine

Theoretically, quinine might increase the risk of toxicity from cardioactive steroids in swamp milkweed.
Swamp milkweed contains cardioactive steroids known as cardenolides that may have digitalis-like activity. Quinine may reduce the clearance of oral digoxin. Theoretically, concomitant use of quinine might reduce the clearance of cardenolides found in swamp milkweed and increase the risk of adverse effects.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Corticosteroids

Theoretically, taking swamp milkweed with prolonged corticosteroid therapy might increase the risk of toxicity.
Swamp milkweed contains cardioactive steroids known as cardenolides that may have digitalis-like activity. Long-term corticosteroid use can lead to potassium depletion and electrolyte imbalance, which can increase the risk of cardenolide toxicity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, potassium depleting diuretics might increase the risk of toxicity with swamp milkweed.
Swamp milkweed contains cardioactive steroids known as cardenolides that may have digitalis-like activity. Potassium depletion can increase the risk of cardenolide toxicity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Macrolide Antibiotics

Theoretically, macrolide antibiotics might increase the risk of toxicity from cardioactive steroids in swamp milkweed.
Swamp milkweed contains cardioactive steroids known as cardenolides that may have digitalis-like activity. Macrolide antibiotics appear to increase the gastrointestinal absorption of oral digoxin. Theoretically, concomitant use of macrolide antibiotics might increase the absorption of the cardenolides found in swamp milkweed and increase the risk of adverse effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Stimulant Laxatives

Theoretically, excessive use of stimulant laxatives with swamp milkweed might increase the risk of toxicity.
Swamp milkweed contains cardioactive steroids known as cardenolides that may have digitalis-like activity. Excessive use of stimulant laxatives can cause diarrhea, resulting in potassium depletion. This might increase the risk of toxicity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, tetracycline antibiotics might increase the risk of toxicity from cardioactive steroids in swamp milkweed.
Swamp milkweed contains cardioactive steroids known as cardenolides that may have digitalis-like activity. Tetracycline antibiotics appear to increase the gastrointestinal absorption of oral digoxin. Theoretically, concomitant use of tetracycline antibiotics might increase the absorption of the cardenolides found in swamp milkweed and increase the risk of adverse effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Monograph

Swamp Milkweed: Uses, Safety & Side Effects

The bottom line

Swamp Milkweed is a native North American wetland plant best known today as a butterfly and pollinator garden plant, not a proven medicine. It contains toxic milky sap with cardiac glycoside-like compounds, and there is very little reliable human research to support any health use. Because of its potential toxicity, it should not be used as a supplement without professional guidance.

Scientific name
Asclepias incarnata
Family
Apocynaceae
Part used
Root, and historically other parts of the plant
Common forms
Dried root, tinctures, and traditional decoctions (rarely sold as a commercial supplement)
People commonly use it for
  • Traditional digestive remedy
  • Diuretic (increasing urine)
  • Cough and respiratory complaints
  • Worm or parasite remedy (folk use)
  • Pollinator/garden plant rather than medicine

Popular and traditional uses — not proof it works. See “Uses & effectiveness” below for the evidence.

Safety at a glance
OverallUse caution

The plant contains toxic sap and cardiac glycoside-like compounds; it is not a well-studied or clearly safe supplement.

PregnancyLikely Unsafe

When used orally due to presence of cardioactive steroids; avoid using.

Read the full pregnancy detail
BreastfeedingLikely Unsafe

When used orally due to presence of cardioactive steroids; avoid using.

Read the full breastfeeding detail

Pregnancy & breastfeeding ratings are from Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center). Safety guidance is general; always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor for your situation.

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Overview

Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) is a flowering perennial plant native to North America. As its name suggests, it grows in wet places like marshes, swamps, riverbanks, and damp meadows. It produces clusters of pink to mauve flowers in summer and is a member of the milkweed family.

Today, Swamp Milkweed is most widely grown as a garden and pollinator plant. It is an important food source for monarch butterfly caterpillars and attracts bees and other beneficial insects. Like other milkweeds, it has a milky sap that gives the plant its common name.

Historically, some Indigenous peoples and early herbalists used the root of milkweed plants for various folk remedies. However, Swamp Milkweed is not a common modern dietary supplement, and high-quality products and research are lacking.

Uses & effectiveness

People have traditionally used milkweed roots as a digestive aid, a diuretic (to increase urine), and a treatment for coughs, swelling, and intestinal worms. These uses come from folk and historical sources, not from modern clinical trials.

The evidence for any health benefit of Swamp Milkweed is very limited. There are no reliable, well-designed human studies showing that it safely treats any condition. Most information comes from traditional use and from laboratory studies of related milkweed compounds.

Because of the lack of evidence and the plant's known toxicity, Swamp Milkweed cannot be recommended as a treatment for any health condition. Its main practical value today is ecological — supporting butterflies and pollinators in gardens.

How it works

Milkweed plants, including Swamp Milkweed, contain a group of compounds called cardiac glycosides (cardenolides). These are similar in structure to substances that affect the heart. The plant's milky sap also contains other irritating compounds.

In theory, cardiac glycosides can influence heart rhythm and the way cells handle sodium and potassium. These same properties are what make the plant potentially toxic if too much is consumed. Any proposed diuretic or other effects are based largely on these compounds and on traditional observation.

It is important to understand that most of this information comes from laboratory study of related compounds and not from controlled research in people. The active levels in any home preparation are unpredictable.

Safety & precautions

Swamp Milkweed should be treated with caution because of its toxic potential. The milky sap and the cardiac glycoside-like compounds it contains can be harmful if eaten in larger amounts. The sap can also irritate the skin and eyes when handling the plant.

People with heart conditions, kidney problems, or those taking heart or blood pressure medicines should be especially careful and avoid using it. Children and pets should not be allowed to eat any part of the plant.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Avoid Swamp Milkweed during pregnancy and while breastfeeding. There is no good safety information, and the plant's toxic compounds make it a poor choice during these times.

Always talk with a pharmacist or doctor before using any milkweed product. If you grow it in the garden, wash your hands after handling and keep the sap away from your eyes.

Side effects

Eating milkweed plants can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach pain. The sap can cause skin rash or irritation, and getting it in the eyes can be painful.

More serious effects are possible with larger amounts because of the cardiac glycoside-like compounds. These can include changes in heart rhythm, weakness, confusion, and in severe poisoning cases, dangerous heart effects. If someone swallows a significant amount or develops these symptoms, seek medical help right away or contact a poison control center.

Swamp Milkweed: Reported Adverse Effects

Documented safety reports on Swamp Milkweed from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database, shown word-for-word from the licensed record.

Orally, swamp milkweed contains cardiac glycosides, which can cause serious adverse effects.

Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):

Orally: Swamp milkweed contains toxic cardiac glycosides that may cause cardiac arrhythmia and death.

Reports by condition
Arrhythmia Cardiovascular

Orally, the cardiac glycosides in swamp milkweed may cause cardiac arrhythmias.

  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
Cluster headache Neurologic/CNS

Orally, the cardiac glycosides in swamp milkweed may cause headache and stupor. Visual color disturbances may also occur.

  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
Nausea and vomiting Gastrointestinal

Orally, large amounts of swamp milkweed can cause vomiting.

  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
DISCLAIMER: This tool is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Patients should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions.

Adverse-effects data: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center

Dosing

There is no established safe or standardized dose for Swamp Milkweed. It is not a mainstream supplement, and reliable products with verified content are not generally available.

Because of the plant's toxicity and the lack of research, we cannot recommend any specific amount. If you are considering any milkweed product, follow the product label exactly and check with a pharmacist or doctor first. For most people, the safest approach is to enjoy Swamp Milkweed as a garden plant rather than to consume it.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

Swamp Milkweed & Pregnancy

Likely Unsafe

When used orally due to presence of cardioactive steroids; avoid using.

  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.

Swamp Milkweed & Breastfeeding

Likely Unsafe

When used orally due to presence of cardioactive steroids; avoid using.

  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
DISCLAIMER: This tool is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Patients should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions.

© 2026 Therapeutic Research Center

Pregnancy & lactation ratings: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center

References & further reading

The 3 references that drive our Swamp Milkweed monograph and interaction data, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Citations with a link open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

  1. Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
  2. Ellenhorn MJ, et al. Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnoses and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1997.
  3. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
Keep reading

This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Swamp Milkweed: Common Questions

Does Swamp Milkweed interact with prescription medications?
Yes. We list 156 medications with a known interaction with Swamp Milkweed, including 3 rated major. Use the checker above to see how Swamp Milkweed interacts with a specific drug.
How are Swamp Milkweed interactions rated?
Each interaction is graded major, moderate, or minor based on how clinically significant it is and the strength of the evidence behind it. Major interactions are the most serious and are best avoided, or used only under close professional supervision.
Is it safe to take Swamp Milkweed with my medications?
It depends on the specific medication. Some combinations are fine, while others call for monitoring, timing changes, or should be avoided. Check your exact drug above and confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or changing anything.
Where does this Swamp Milkweed interaction information come from?
Our interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database — an evidence-graded reference for vitamins, herbs, and supplements — and is reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists, who may add clinical context.
Is Swamp Milkweed safe to eat or take as a supplement?
It is not considered a safe supplement. The plant contains toxic sap and cardiac glycoside-like compounds, and eating it can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and potentially serious heart effects. Talk to a healthcare professional before using any milkweed product.
What is Swamp Milkweed mainly used for?
Today it is mostly grown as a garden and pollinator plant that supports monarch butterflies and bees. Historically, milkweed roots were used in folk remedies, but there is no strong evidence it works for any health condition.
Can I use Swamp Milkweed during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
No. Avoid it during pregnancy and breastfeeding because of its toxic compounds and the lack of safety information.
Is the milky sap dangerous?
The sap can irritate the skin and is especially painful if it gets in the eyes. It also contains toxic compounds, so keep it away from children and pets and wash your hands after handling the plant.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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