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Chromium Drug Interactions, Uses, Effectiveness, Safety & More

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Reviewed by licensed pharmacists Sourced from Natural Medicines

Chromium Drug Interactions: The Bottom Line

From the HelloPharmacist Editorial Team · Updated July 2026

Based on the available evidence, the overall risk of a clinically significant Chromium drug interaction appears low for most people. None of the listed interactions are rated major, and the moderate ones rest largely on theoretical or early evidence rather than proven harm in people.

Interactions deserving the most attention

The best-documented interaction involves levothyroxine. Human research shows chromium can bind this thyroid medication in the gut and noticeably lower the amount absorbed, so taking the two close together may make thyroid treatment less effective. We also pay attention to diabetes medications and insulin, because chromium may lower blood sugar and improve insulin sensitivity, which could add to their effect. That risk is theoretical, but blood sugar is a closely watched target, so it matters most in people whose diabetes control is being fine-tuned.

What the rest of the list means

Chromium appears alongside a long list of medications, but a long list does not mean every combination is harmful. Many entries, such as those with aspirin and other anti-inflammatory pain relievers, come from animal research suggesting small changes in how much chromium the body absorbs, not from proven problems in people. In practice, only a handful of these pairings call for real attention.

Check your medications against Chromium

Based on HelloPharmacist’s Chromium interaction data and reviewed under our editorial standards.

Interaction report

Drugs that interact with Chromium

178 medications have a known interaction with Chromium, graded by severity. Select any drug for the full evidence-based detail.

2,830 drugs
AcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose› AcetohexamideDymelor› AlbiglutideTanzeum› AlogliptinNesina› Alogliptin, MetforminKazano› Alogliptin, PioglitazoneOseni› Antidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) InhibitorGlyxambi› CanagliflozinInvokana› Canagliflozin, MetforminInvokamet› Canagliflozin, Metformin HydrochlorideInvokamet XR› ChlorpropamideChlorpropam, Diabinese› DapagliflozinFarxiga› Dapagliflozin Propanediol, MetforminXigduo XR› Dapagliflozin Propanediol, Saxagliptin HydrochlorideQtern› Dapagliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride, Saxagliptin HydrochlorideQternmet XR› Dasiglucagon HydrochlorideZegalogue› DulaglutideTrulicity› EmpagliflozinJardiance› Empagliflozin, Linagliptin, Metformin HydrochlorideTrijardy XR› Empagliflozin, MetforminSynjardy› Empagliflozin, Metformin HydrochlorideSynjardy XR› ErtugliflozinSteglatro› Ertugliflozin, Metformin HydrochlorideSegluromet› ExenatideBydureon, Byetta› Exenatide SyntheticBydureon BCISE› GliclazideDiamicron› GlimepirideAmaryl› GlipizideGlucotrol, Glucotrol XL› Glipizide, MetforminMetaglip› GlucagonBaqsimi, Glucagon›
Read The List Like a Pharmacist

What Severity, Likelihood & Evidence Mean

Severity — How Serious It Can Be

  • Major. Clinically significant; generally best avoided, or used only under direct professional supervision.
  • Moderate. May need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separating the times you take each one.
  • Minor. Generally not clinically significant, but still worth noting and mentioning to your pharmacist.
  • No known interaction. Checked against our sources with nothing documented — not the same as proven safety.

Likelihood — How Well It’s Documented

  • Likely. Well-controlled human studies have demonstrated the likely existence of this interaction
  • Probable. Interaction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
  • Possible. Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists
  • Unlikely. Interaction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans.

Where This Data Comes From

  • Interaction records are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database (TRC Healthcare), the same reference used by pharmacists and hospitals.
  • Each drug listed above links to the full report for that exact Chromium combination — clinical detail, likelihood, evidence level, and citations.
  • Content is reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists — see our data sources and editorial standards.
The big picture

The kinds of drugs Chromium affects

Every type of medication (drug category) Chromium is known to interact with. Open any category for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

All 5 drug categories Chromium interacts with
Antidiabetes DrugsInsulinLevothyroxine (synthroid, Others)AspirinNonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (nsaids)
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, chromium may have additive effects with antidiabetic agents and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Some research shows that taking chromium might lower blood glucose levels, especially in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Insulin

Theoretically, concomitant use of chromium and insulin might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
In clinical research, chromium has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity,

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)

Chromium might bind levothyroxine in the intestinal tract and decrease levothyroxine absorption.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that taking chromium picolinate 1000 mcg with levothyroxine 1 mg decreases serum levels of levothyroxine by 17% when compared to taking levothyroxine alone. Advise patients to take levothyroxine at least 30 minutes before or 3-4 hours after taking chromium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Aspirin

Theoretically, aspirin might increase chromium absorption.
Animal research suggests that aspirin may increase chromium absorption and chromium levels in the blood.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (Nsaids)

NSAIDs might increase chromium levels in the body.
Drugs that are prostaglandin inhibitors, such as NSAIDs, seem to increase chromium absorption and retention.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Monograph

Chromium: Uses, Safety & Side Effects

The bottom line

Chromium is an essential trace mineral involved in how the body handles sugar and fat. Some studies suggest it may modestly help blood sugar control in certain people with type 2 diabetes, but results are mixed and the effect on weight loss is small and uncertain. For most healthy people who eat a varied diet, supplements are not needed; check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting.

Chromium
Part used
Trace mineral (not a plant)
Common forms
Capsules, tablets, gummies; common salt forms include chromium picolinate, chromium chloride, and chromium polynicotinate
People commonly use it for
  • Blood sugar support in type 2 diabetes
  • Weight loss and appetite control
  • Insulin sensitivity
  • Cholesterol and lipid support
  • General nutritional supplement

Popular and traditional uses — not proof it works. See “Uses & effectiveness” below for the evidence.

Safety at a glance
OverallUse caution

Usually well tolerated at typical supplement doses, but high or long-term doses may pose risks for some people.

PregnancyLikely Safe

When used orally and appropriately in amounts not exceeding adequate intake (AI) levels. The AI for pregnancy is 28 mcg daily for those 14-18 years of...

Read the full pregnancy detail
BreastfeedingLikely Safe

When used orally and appropriately in amounts not exceeding adequate intake (AI) levels. The AI for lactation is 44 mcg daily for those 14-18 years of...

Read the full breastfeeding detail

Pregnancy & breastfeeding ratings are from Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center). Safety guidance is general; always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor for your situation.

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Overview

Chromium is a trace mineral that your body needs in very small amounts. It is found naturally in many foods, including whole grains, broccoli, green beans, nuts, meats, and some fruits. Because it is a mineral, it does not come from a single plant or herb.

The form of chromium used in supplements (such as chromium picolinate) is different from the industrial form known as hexavalent chromium, which is toxic. Supplement chromium is the trivalent form, which is the type found in food.

People take chromium supplements most often hoping to help with blood sugar control and weight loss. It is sold on its own and is also added to many multivitamins and "metabolism" or "blood sugar support" products.

How it works

Chromium is thought to help the hormone insulin work more effectively. Insulin helps move sugar from the blood into your cells for energy. Chromium may support a small protein sometimes called chromodulin that helps insulin do its job.

By possibly improving how the body responds to insulin, chromium might help with the way the body uses carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

It is important to know that much of this understanding comes from laboratory and animal research, and the exact role of chromium in human health is still not fully clear. Severe chromium deficiency is rare in people who eat a normal diet.

Effectiveness

Does Chromium work?

Evidence overview · 21 uses evaluated
1 Likely effective 1 Possibly effective 3 Leans ineffective 16 Insufficient evidence
How to read these evidence grades

Natural Medicines’ 7-point scale. We show each rating’s label word-for-word.

1EffectiveStrong, consistent evidence it works.
2Likely EffectiveGood evidence, though not yet conclusive.
3Possibly EffectiveSome evidence suggests a benefit.
4Possibly IneffectiveSome evidence it may not help.
5Likely IneffectiveFairly strong evidence it doesn’t help.
6IneffectiveStrong evidence it doesn’t work.
7Insufficient Reliable Evidence to RateToo little research to say either way.
Likely Effective Chromium deficiency
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Oral or parenteral chromium is effective for the treatment and prevention of chromium deficiency.

Possibly Effective Diabetes
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Oral chromium seems to be modestly beneficial for improving glycemic control in diabetes, especially when used in doses greater than 200 mcg daily and in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. It is unclear if chromium helps to prevent the development of diabetes.

Possibly Ineffective Hypertension
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Meta-analyses of small clinical trials suggest that oral chromium does not lower blood pressure by a clinically meaningful amount.

Possibly Ineffective Impaired glucose tolerance (Prediabetes)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Oral chromium does not seem to improve glycemic indices in patients with prediabetes.

Possibly Ineffective Schizophrenia
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Oral chromium does not seem to improve psychological measures in patients with schizophrenia.

Also studied for 16 conditions — evidence insufficient to rate
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Antiretroviral-induced insulin resistance
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral chromium is beneficial for preventing antiretroviral-induced insulin resistance.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Athletic performance
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if chromium enhances athletic performance, although some research suggests that it may improve body composition when used in conjunction with exercise.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Atypical depression
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral chromium is beneficial in patients with atypical depression.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Beta blocker-induced dyslipidemia
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral chromium is beneficial in patients with dyslipidemia due to beta-blocker use.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Binge eating disorder
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral chromium is beneficial in patients with binge eating disorder.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Bipolar disorder
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral chromium is beneficial in patients with treatment-resistant bipolar disorder.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Cognitive impairment
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral chromium prevents or treats cognitive impairment.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Hyperlipidemia
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Small clinical studies suggest that oral chromium may modestly reduce lipid levels in patients with hyperlipidemia.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Hypoglycemia
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral chromium helps to reverse or prevent hypoglycemia.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral chromium slows progression of MASLD, previously called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Metabolic syndrome
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral chromium is beneficial in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Myocardial infarction (MI)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral chromium helps to prevent MI.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Obesity
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although some research suggests that oral chromium may increase weight loss, this effect is not likely to be considered clinically relevant.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral chromium improves symptoms of PCOS.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if chromium is beneficial for RA.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Turner syndrome
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral chromium is beneficial in patients with this condition.

Source & disclaimer. Effectiveness ratings and evidence summaries are provided by Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) and shown as licensed. Where Natural Medicines hasn’t rated a use, HelloPharmacist’s pharmacists may add their own reviewed rating and evidence (each such entry is labeled). This is educational information, not medical advice — talk with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or changing a supplement.

Safety & precautions

At the low amounts typically found in food and standard supplements, chromium is generally considered safe for most adults. Still, taking high doses or using it for a long time may carry risks, and some case reports have linked very high intakes to kidney or liver problems.

People with kidney disease or liver disease should be especially careful and talk to a doctor before using chromium. People with diabetes should monitor their blood sugar closely, since chromium may affect blood sugar levels.

For pregnancy and breastfeeding, getting chromium from a balanced diet or a standard prenatal vitamin is generally considered acceptable, but extra supplement doses have not been well studied. To be safe, avoid additional chromium supplements during pregnancy and breastfeeding unless your doctor specifically recommends them.

Side effects

Chromium is usually well tolerated at common doses. When side effects occur, they may include headache, dizziness, nausea, stomach upset, or mood changes.

Because chromium may lower blood sugar, some people could notice symptoms of low blood sugar (shakiness, sweating, confusion), especially if they also take diabetes medicine.

Rare but more serious problems, such as kidney or liver injury, have been reported mostly with high doses. Stop the supplement and seek medical care if you notice signs like dark urine, severe stomach pain, yellowing of the skin or eyes, or a skin rash.

Chromium: Reported Adverse Effects

Documented safety reports on Chromium from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database, shown word-for-word from the licensed record.

Orally, chromium is generally well tolerated.

Most Common Adverse Effects:

Orally: Gastrointestinal irritation, headaches, insomnia, irritability, mood changes.

Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):

Orally: Rare cases of kidney and liver damage, rhabdomyolysis, and thrombocytopenia have been reported.

Reports by condition
Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) Dermatologic

Orally, chromium-containing supplements may cause acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, skin rashes, and urticaria. Also, chromium picolinate or chromium chloride may cause systemic contact dermatitis when taken orally, especially in patients with contact allergy to chromium. In one clinical study, a patient taking chromium nicotinate 50 mcg daily reported itchy palms that improved after the intervention was discontinued. It is unclear of this effect was due to the chromium or another factor.

Topically, hexavalent chromium, which can be present in some cement, leather products, or contaminated soil, may cause allergic contact dermatitis.

A case of lichen planus has been reported for a patient following long-term occupational exposure to chromium.

  1. Young P, Turiansky G, Bonner M, and et al. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by chromium picolinate. J.Am Acad.Dermatol. 1999;41(5 Pt 2):820-823.
  2. Krol, E., Krejpcio, Z., Byks, H., Bogdanski, P., and Pupek-Musialik, D. Effects of chromium brewer's yeast supplementation on body mass, blood carbohydrates, and lipids and minerals in type 2 diabetic patients. Biol.Trace Elem.Res. 2011;143(2):726-737.
  3. Yazaki Y, Faridi Z, Ma Y, et al. A pilot study of chromium picolinate for weight loss. J Altern Complement Med 2010;16:291-9.
  4. Fowler JF Jr. Systemic contact dermatitis caused by oral chromium picolinate. Cutis 2000;65:116.
  5. De Marchi S, Cecchin E, De Marchi SU. Systemic allergic dermatitis resulting from oral administration of chromium with a food supplement. Contact Dermatitis 2014;70(2):123-5.
  6. Guimarães MM, Carvalho AC, Silva MS. Effect of chromium supplementation on the glucose homeostasis and anthropometry of type 2 diabetic patients: Double blind, randomized clinical trial: Chromium, glucose homeostasis and anthropometry. J Trace Elem Med Bi
  7. Bagdon RE and Hazen RE. Skin permeation and cutaneous hypersensitivity as a basis for making risk assessments of chromium as a soil contaminant. Environ.Health Perspect. 1991;92:111-119.
  8. Proctor, D. M., Fredrick, M. M., Scott, P. K., Paustenbach, D. J., and Finley, B. L. The prevalence of chromium allergy in the United States and its implications for setting soil cleanup: a cost-effectiveness case study. Regul.Toxicol Pharmacol 1998;28(1
  9. Hedberg YS, Gumulka M, Lind ML, Matura M, Lidén C. Severe occupational chromium allergy despite cement legislation. Contact Dermatitis. 2014;70(5):321-3.
  10. Thyssen JP, Jellesen MS, Møller P, Menné T, Johansen JD. Allergic chromium dermatitis from wearing 'chromium-free' footwear. Contact Dermatitis 2014;70(3):185-7.
  11. Alinaghi F, Thyssen JP, Zachariae C, Johansen JD. No immediate effect of regulatory reduction of chromium in leather among adult patients with chromium allergy. Contact Dermatitis 2021;85(5):514-522.
  12. Noda, S., Asano, Y., and Sato, S. Lichen planus in a patient with long-term exposure to chrome. Eur.J.Dermatol. 2011;21(3):417-418.
Anemia Hematologic

Anemia, hemolysis, and thrombocytopenia were reported in a 33 year-old female taking chromium picolinate 1200-2400 mcg daily for 4-5 months. The patient received supportive care, blood product transfusions, and hemodialysis and was stabilized and discharged a few days later. Lab values were normal at a one-year follow-up.

  1. Cerulli J, Grabe DW, Gauthier I, et al. Chromium picolinate toxicity. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:428-31.
Anemia Other

Another form of chromium, called hexavalent chromium, is unsafe. This type of chromium is a by-product of some manufacturing processes. Chronic exposure can cause liver, kidney, or cardiac failure, pulmonary complications, anemia, and hemolysis. Occupational inhalation of hexavalent chromium can cause ulceration of the nasal mucosa and perforation of the nasal septum, and has been associated with pneumoconiosis, allergic asthma, cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, and increased susceptibility to respiratory tract cancer and even stomach and germ cell cancers. Although rare, cases of interstitial pneumonia associated with chromium inhalation have been reported. Symptoms resolved with corticosteroid treatment.

  1. Lanca S, Alves A, Vieira AI, et al. Chromium-induced toxic hepatitis. Eur J Intern Med 2002;13:518-20.
  2. Food Standards Agency. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals. Available at: http://cot.food.gov.uk/sites/default/files/vitmin2003.pdf.
  3. Gibb, H. J., Lees, P. S., Pinsky, P. F., and Rooney, B. C. Lung cancer among workers in chromium chemical production. Am J Ind.Med 2000;38(2):115-126.
  4. Gibb, H. J., Lees, P. S., Pinsky, P. F., and Rooney, B. C. Clinical findings of irritation among chromium chemical production workers. Am J Ind.Med 2000;38(2):127-131.
  5. Xiang, J., Sun, Z., and Huan, J. N. Intensive chromic acid burns and acute chromium poisoning with acute renal failure. Chin Med.J.(Engl.) 7-5-2011;124(13):2071-2073.
  6. Hisatomi, K., Ishii, H., Hashiguchi, K., Seki, M., Ide, M., Sugiyama, K., Ishimoto, H., Nakayama, S., Mukae, H., and Kohno, S. Interstitial pneumonia caused by inhalation of fumes of nickel and chrome. Respirology. 2006;11(6):814-817.
Burns Renal

Orally, chromium picolinate has been associated with at least one report of chronic interstitial nephritis and two reports of acute tubular necrosis. Laboratory evidence suggests that chromium does not cause kidney tissue damage even after long-term, high-dose exposure; however, patient- or product-specific factors could potentially increase the risk of chromium-related kidney damage. More evidence is needed to determine what role, if any, chromium has in potentially causing kidney damage.

Intravenously, chromium is associated with decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in children who receive long-term chromium-containing total parenteral nutrition - TPN.

Topically, burns caused by chromic acid, a hexavalent form of chromium, have been associated with acute chromium poisoning with acute renal failure. Early excision of affected skin and dialysis are performed to prevent systemic toxicity.

  1. Cerulli J, Grabe DW, Gauthier I, et al. Chromium picolinate toxicity. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:428-31.
  2. Wasser WG, Feldman NS, D'Agati VD. Chronic renal failure after ingestion of over-the-counter chromium picolinate. [letter]. Ann Intern Med 1997;126:410.
  3. Wani S, Weskamp C, Marple J, Spry L. Acute tubular necrosis associated with chromium picolinate-containing dietary supplement. Ann Pharmacother 2006;40:563-6.
  4. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  5. Mouser JF, Hak EB, Helms RA, et al. Chromium and zinc concentrations in pediatric patients receiving long-term parenteral nutrition. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999;56:1950-6.
  6. Xiang, J., Sun, Z., and Huan, J. N. Intensive chromic acid burns and acute chromium poisoning with acute renal failure. Chin Med.J.(Engl.) 7-5-2011;124(13):2071-2073.
Cancer Gastrointestinal

Orally, chromium in the form of chromium picolinate, chromium polynicotinate, chromium-containing brewer's yeast, or chromium-containing milk powder may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite, constipation, flatulence, or gastrointestinal upset.

Long-term exposure to heavy metals, including chromium, has been associated with increased risk of gallbladder disease and cancer.

  1. Kleefstra N, Houweling ST, Jansman FG, et al. Chromium treatment has no effect in patients with poorly controlled, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes in an obese Western population: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Care 2006;29:
  2. Pittler, M. H. and Ernst, E. Dietary supplements for body-weight reduction: a systematic review. Am.J.Clin Nutr. 2004;79(4):529-536.
  3. Pei, D., Hsieh, C. H., Hung, Y. J., Li, J. C., Lee, C. H., and Kuo, S. W. The influence of chromium chloride-containing milk to glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Metabolism 2
  4. Kleefstra, N., Houweling, S. T., Bakker, S. J., Verhoeven, S., Gans, R. O., Meyboom-de Jong, B., and Bilo, H. J. Chromium treatment has no effect in patients with type 2 diabetes in a Western population: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled tri
  5. Parsons, A., Ingram, J., Inglis, J., Aveyard, P., Johnstone, E., Brown, K., Franklin, M., and Bermudez, I. A proof of concept randomised placebo controlled factorial trial to examine the efficacy of St John's wort for smoking cessation and chromium to pr
  6. Krol, E., Krejpcio, Z., Byks, H., Bogdanski, P., and Pupek-Musialik, D. Effects of chromium brewer's yeast supplementation on body mass, blood carbohydrates, and lipids and minerals in type 2 diabetic patients. Biol.Trace Elem.Res. 2011;143(2):726-737.
  7. Unisa, S., Jagannath, P., Dhir, V., Khandelwal, C., Sarangi, L., and Roy, T. K. Population-based study to estimate prevalence and determine risk factors of gallbladder diseases in the rural Gangetic basin of North India. HPB (Oxford) 2011;13(2):117-125.
  8. Chhabra, D., Oda, K., Jagannath, P., Utsunomiya, H., Takekoshi, S., and Nimura, Y. Chronic heavy metal exposure and gallbladder cancer risk in India, a comparative study with Japan. Asian Pac.J.Cancer Prev. 2012;13(1):187-190.
Cluster headache Neurologic/CNS

Orally, chromium picolinate may cause headache, paresthesia, insomnia, dizziness, and vertigo. Vague cognitive symptoms, slowed thought processes, and difficulty driving occurred on three separate occasions in a healthy 35-year-old male after oral intake of chromium picolinate 200-400 mcg. Transient increases in dreaming have been reported in three patients with dysthymia treated with chromium picolinate in combination with sertraline. A specific combination product (Hydroxycut) containing chromium, caffeine, and ephedra has been associated with seizures. But the most likely causative agent in this case is ephedra.

  1. Trent LK, Thieding-Cancel D. Effects of chromium picolinate on body composition. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1995;35:273-80.
  2. Davidson JR, Abraham K, Connor KM, McLeod MN. Effectiveness of chromium in atypical depression: a placebo-controlled trial. Biol Psychiatry 2003;53:261-4..
  3. Kleefstra N, Houweling ST, Jansman FG, et al. Chromium treatment has no effect in patients with poorly controlled, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes in an obese Western population: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Care 2006;29:
  4. Pittler, M. H. and Ernst, E. Dietary supplements for body-weight reduction: a systematic review. Am.J.Clin Nutr. 2004;79(4):529-536.
  5. Huszonek, J. Over-the-counter chromium picolinate. Am J Psychiatry 1993;150(10):1560-1561.
  6. McLeod MN, Gaynes BN, Golden RN. Chromium potentiation of antidepressant pharmacotherapy for dysthymic disorder in 5 patients. J Clin Psych 1999;60:237-40.
  7. Kockler DR, McCarthy MW, Lawson CL. Seizure activity and unresponsiveness after hydroxycut ingestion. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21:647-51..
Hepatitis Hepatic

Liver damage has been reported for a 33-year-old female taking chromium picolinate 1200 mcg daily for 4-5 months. Also, acute hepatitis has been reported in a patient taking chromium polynicotinate 200 mcg daily for 5 months. Symptoms resolved when the product was discontinued. Two cases of hepatotoxicity have been reported in patients who took a specific combination product (Hydroxycut), which also contained chromium polynicotinate in addition to several herbs.

  1. Cerulli J, Grabe DW, Gauthier I, et al. Chromium picolinate toxicity. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:428-31.
  2. Lanca S, Alves A, Vieira AI, et al. Chromium-induced toxic hepatitis. Eur J Intern Med 2002;13:518-20.
  3. Stevens T, Qadri A, Zein NN. Two patients with acute liver injury associated with use of the herbal weight-loss supplement hydroxycut. Ann Intern Med 2005;142:477-8.
Hypoglycemia Endocrine

Orally, cases of hypoglycemia have been reported for patients taking chromium picolinate 200-1000 mcg daily alone or 200-300 mcg two or three times weekly in combination with insulin. Chromium picolinate has also been associated with weight gain in young females who do not exercise and in those following a weight-lifting program.

  1. Bharmal, S. V., Moyes, V., Ahmed, S., and Grossman, A. Hypoglycaemia: possible mediation by chromium salt medication. Hormones.(Athens.) 2010;9(2):181-183.
  2. Bunner S and McGinnis R. Chromium-induced hypoglycemia. Psychosomatics 1998;39(3):298-299.
  3. Mohamedshah FY, Moser-Veillon PB, Yamini S, et al. Distribution of a stable isotope of chromium (53Cr) in serum, urine, and breast milk in lactating women. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;67:1250-5.
Muscle breakdown Musculoskeletal

Acute rhabdomyolysis has been reported for a previously healthy 24-year-old female who ingested chromium picolinate 1200 mcg over a 48-hour time period. Also, chromium polynicotinate has been associated with leg pain and paresthesia in patients taking the supplement to prevent weight gain during smoking cessation.

  1. Martin, W. R. and Fuller, R. E. Suspected chromium picolinate-induced rhabdomyolysis. Pharmacotherapy 1998;18(4):860-862.
  2. Parsons, A., Ingram, J., Inglis, J., Aveyard, P., Johnstone, E., Brown, K., Franklin, M., and Bermudez, I. A proof of concept randomised placebo controlled factorial trial to examine the efficacy of St John's wort for smoking cessation and chromium to pr
Smoking cessation Genitourinary
Smoking cessation Psychiatric

Orally, chromium picolinate has been associated with irritability and mood changes in patients taking the supplement to lose weight, while chromium polynicotinate has been associated with agitation and mood changes in patients taking the supplement to prevent weight gain during smoking cessation.

  1. Trent LK, Thieding-Cancel D. Effects of chromium picolinate on body composition. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1995;35:273-80.
  2. Parsons, A., Ingram, J., Inglis, J., Aveyard, P., Johnstone, E., Brown, K., Franklin, M., and Bermudez, I. A proof of concept randomised placebo controlled factorial trial to examine the efficacy of St John's wort for smoking cessation and chromium to pr
DISCLAIMER: This tool is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Patients should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions.

Adverse-effects data: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center

Dosing

There is no single agreed-upon "best" dose of chromium as a supplement, and needs vary from person to person. Health authorities describe general daily intake amounts for adults to prevent deficiency, but these are not the same as the higher doses sometimes used in studies.

Because products and strengths differ, it is best to follow the directions on the product label and not exceed the recommended amount.

Talk to your pharmacist or doctor before starting chromium, especially if you have diabetes, kidney or liver problems, or take other medications. They can help you decide if it is appropriate and at what dose.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

Chromium & Pregnancy

Likely Safe

When used orally and appropriately in amounts not exceeding adequate intake (AI) levels. The AI for pregnancy is 28 mcg daily for those 14-18 years of age and 30 mcg daily for those 19-50 years of age.

  1. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
Possibly Safe

When used orally in amounts exceeding the adequate intake (AI) levels. There is some evidence that patients with gestational diabetes can safely use chromium in doses of 4-8 mcg/kg; however, patients should not take chromium supplements during pregnancy without medical supervision.

  1. Anderson RA. Chromium, glucose intolerance and diabetes. J Am Coll Nutr 1998;17:548-55.

Chromium & Breastfeeding

Likely Safe

When used orally and appropriately in amounts not exceeding adequate intake (AI) levels. The AI for lactation is 44 mcg daily for those 14-18 years of age and 45 mcg daily for those 19-50 years of age. Chromium supplements do not seem to increase normal chromium concentration in human breast milk. There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of chromium when used in higher amounts while breast-feeding.

  1. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  2. Urberg M, Zemel MB. Evidence for synergism between chromium and nicotinic acid in the control of glucose tolerance in elderly humans. Metabolism 1987;36:896-9.
DISCLAIMER: This tool is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Patients should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions.

© 2026 Therapeutic Research Center

Pregnancy & lactation ratings: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center

References & further reading

The 53 references that drive our Chromium monograph and interaction data, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Citations with a link open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

  1. Cerulli J, Grabe DW, Gauthier I, et al. Chromium picolinate toxicity. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:428-31. PubMed
  2. Urberg M, Zemel MB. Evidence for synergism between chromium and nicotinic acid in the control of glucose tolerance in elderly humans. Metabolism 1987;36:896-9. PubMed
  3. Mohamedshah FY, Moser-Veillon PB, Yamini S, et al. Distribution of a stable isotope of chromium (53Cr) in serum, urine, and breast milk in lactating women. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;67:1250-5. PubMed
  4. Wasser WG, Feldman NS, D'Agati VD. Chronic renal failure after ingestion of over-the-counter chromium picolinate. [letter]. Ann Intern Med 1997;126:410. PubMed
  5. Mertz W. Interaction of chromium with insulin: a progress report. Nutr Rev 1998;56:174-7. PubMed
  6. Anderson RA. Chromium, glucose intolerance and diabetes. J Am Coll Nutr 1998;17:548-55. PubMed
  7. McLeod MN, Gaynes BN, Golden RN. Chromium potentiation of antidepressant pharmacotherapy for dysthymic disorder in 5 patients. J Clin Psych 1999;60:237-40. PubMed
  8. Fowler JF Jr. Systemic contact dermatitis caused by oral chromium picolinate. Cutis 2000;65:116. DOI
  9. Trent LK, Thieding-Cancel D. Effects of chromium picolinate on body composition. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1995;35:273-80.
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  11. Rabinovitz H, Friedensohn A, Leibovitz A, et al. Effect of chromium supplementation on blood glucose and lipid levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus elderly patients. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2004;74:178-82. PubMed
  12. Lanca S, Alves A, Vieira AI, et al. Chromium-induced toxic hepatitis. Eur J Intern Med 2002;13:518-20. PubMed
  13. Kockler DR, McCarthy MW, Lawson CL. Seizure activity and unresponsiveness after hydroxycut ingestion. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21:647-51.. PubMed
  14. Davidson JR, Abraham K, Connor KM, McLeod MN. Effectiveness of chromium in atypical depression: a placebo-controlled trial. Biol Psychiatry 2003;53:261-4.. PubMed
  15. Food Standards Agency. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals. Available at: http://cot.food.gov.uk/sites/default/files/vitmin2003.pdf.
Keep reading

This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Product directory

Supplement products with Chromium

16,745 products in our database contain Chromium. Open any to see its full ingredient list and every drug interaction we check.

1,000 mg Vitamin C Super Orange by Emergen-C Powder 30 Packet(s) · 9.6 Ounce(s) · 273 Gram(s) View ingredients & interactions 1,000 mg Vitamin C Tangerine by Emergen-C Powder 0.33 oz. · 9.4 Gram(s) View ingredients & interactions 1,000 mg Vitamin C Tangerine by Emergen-C Powder 10 Packet(s) · 0.33 Oz(s) · 9.4 Gram(s) View ingredients & interactions 1,000 mg Vitamin C Tangerine by Emergen-C Powder 10 Packet(s) · 3.3 Ounce(s) · 94 Gram(s) View ingredients & interactions 1,000 mg Vitamin C Tangerine by Emergen-C Powder 90 Packet(s) · 29.7 Ounce(s) · 846 Gram(s) View ingredients & interactions 1,000 mg Vitamin C Tangerine by Emergen-C Powder 30 Packet(s) · 9.9 Oz(s) · 282 Gram(s) View ingredients & interactions 1,000 mg Vitamin C Tangerine by Emergen-C Powder 0.3 oz. · 9.4 g View ingredients & interactions 1,000 mg Vitamin C Tropical by Emergen-C Powder 0.3 OZ/Packet · 9 G/Packet · 30 Packet(s) View ingredients & interactions 1,000 MG Vitamin C Tropical by Emergen-C Powder 0.3 oz. · 9 g View ingredients & interactions 1,000 mg Vitamin C Tropical by Emergen-C Powder 30 Packet(s) · 9.6 Ounce(s) · 276 Gram(s) View ingredients & interactions 1,000 mg Vitamin C Tropical by Emergen-C Powder 90 Packet(s) · 28.8 Oz(s) · 825 Gram(s) View ingredients & interactions 1,000 mg Vitamin C Tropical by Emergen-C Powder 30 Packet(s) · 9.6 Gram(s) · 276 Gram(s) View ingredients & interactions 1:1 Fats + Protein Rich Chocolate by PlantFusion Powder 11.11 Oz(s) · 315 Gram(s) View ingredients & interactions 100% Isolate Chocolate Milkshake by IMSOALPHA Powder 907 Gram(s) · 32 Ounce(s) View ingredients & interactions 100% Organic Spirulina 500 mg by VitaCeutical Labs Tablet Or Pill 100 Vegetarian Tablet(s) View ingredients & interactions 100% Plant-Based Protein Nutritional Shake Very Berry by Purely Inspired Powder 1.5 lbs · 680 Gram(s) View ingredients & interactions 100% Pure Garcinia Cambogia 1000 mg by tnvitamins Capsule 60 Capsule(s) View ingredients & interactions 100% Pure Garcinia Cambogia 500 mg by tnvitamins Capsule 60 Capsule(s) View ingredients & interactions 100% Vegan Complete MultiVitamin by Purely Inspired Tablet Or Pill 90 Vegan Tablet(s) View ingredients & interactions 100% Whole Food Prenatal by Whole Body Research Capsule 120 Vegetarian Capsule(s) View ingredients & interactions 10X Life by Max Drive Nutrition Capsule 60 Capsule(s) View ingredients & interactions 10x Pure Ultimate Multi-Vitamin & Mineral Supplement by CTFO Changing The Future Outcome Capsule 60 Capsule(s) View ingredients & interactions 2 Shredded by Beast Sports Nutrition Capsule 60 Vegetable Capsule(s) View ingredients & interactions 2 Shredded by Beast Capsule 120 Capsule(s) View ingredients & interactions
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Chromium: Common Questions

What is Chromium used for, and does it work?
People use Chromium for many reasons, but the evidence varies by use. According to the Natural Medicines database, there is at least some clinical evidence supporting Chromium for Chromium deficiency and Diabetes. For most other uses it has been studied for, the evidence is currently insufficient to rate. See the graded list on this page, and always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor.
Does Chromium interact with prescription medications?
Yes. We list 178 medications with a known interaction with Chromium. Use the checker above to see how Chromium interacts with a specific drug.
How are Chromium interactions rated?
Each interaction is graded major, moderate, or minor based on how clinically significant it is and the strength of the evidence behind it. Major interactions are the most serious and are best avoided, or used only under close professional supervision.
Is it safe to take Chromium with my medications?
It depends on the specific medication. Some combinations are fine, while others call for monitoring, timing changes, or should be avoided. Check your exact drug above and confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or changing anything.
Where does this Chromium interaction information come from?
Our interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database — an evidence-graded reference for vitamins, herbs, and supplements — and is reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists, who may add clinical context.
What is Chromium used for?
People most often take Chromium hoping to support blood sugar control and weight loss. The evidence is mixed and not strong, so it should not replace proven treatments or a healthy diet.
Is Chromium safe to take?
At typical supplement doses, Chromium is generally well tolerated by most healthy adults. High or long-term doses may carry risks, so it is best to follow the label and check with your pharmacist or doctor.
Can Chromium help me lose weight?
Research on Chromium for weight loss is weak and inconsistent, and any effect appears to be very small. It is not a reliable substitute for healthy eating and regular exercise.
Do I need a Chromium supplement?
Most people who eat a varied diet with whole grains, vegetables, nuts, and meats get enough Chromium from food. True deficiency is rare, so supplements are usually not necessary.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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