Herb & supplement monograph

1,3-dmaa Drug Interactions, Uses, Effectiveness, Safety & More

Medically reviewed by Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS ·Updated July 2026

What is this page for?

First and foremost: how 1,3-dmaa interacts with medications. The heart of this page is the interaction list — every drug 1,3-dmaa is known to interact with, and how serious each one is.

But these pages have grown well beyond that into a full monograph — what 1,3-dmaa is, what people use it for and how strong the evidence is, its safety and side effects, and answers to the questions we’re asked most — written and reviewed by the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases, not medical advice, and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

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1,3-dmaa Drug Interactions: The Bottom Line

From the HelloPharmacist Editorial Team · Updated July 2026

Based on the available evidence, the overall risk of a clinically significant 1,3-dmaa drug interaction appears low for most people, though this stimulant has not been well studied with medications. None of the listed interactions are rated major, and all of them rest on lab research or theoretical concerns rather than documented problems in people.

Interactions deserving the most attention

The main concern is combining 1,3-dmaa with other stimulant drugs, since adding stimulants together could in theory strain the heart and raise blood pressure, although one small study found no added cardiovascular effect when it was taken with caffeine. The other flag involves medications cleared by an enzyme that 1,3-dmaa blocked in lab tests, which includes codeine, methadone, and certain antidepressants; in theory, levels of these drugs could rise. Neither effect has been confirmed in people.

What the rest of the list means

The long list of interacting medications comes almost entirely from that single lab finding about how the body clears certain drugs, not from reports of actual harm. Most of these combinations are theoretical, and the one predicted effect tested in people did not produce meaningful changes.

Check your medications against 1,3-dmaa

Based on HelloPharmacist’s 1,3-dmaa interaction data and reviewed under our editorial standards.

Interaction report

Drugs that interact with 1,3-dmaa

321 medications have a known interaction with 1,3-dmaa, graded by severity. Select any drug for the full evidence-based detail.

Don’t want to scroll the list? Just ask.

Tell us the medications you take and we’ll check each one against 1,3-dmaa using our pharmacist-reviewed interaction data.

AI summaries are generated from our 1,3-dmaa interaction data for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI

2,830 drugs

Read The List Like a Pharmacist

What Severity, Likelihood & Evidence Mean

Severity — How Serious It Can Be

Major. Clinically significant; generally best avoided, or used only under direct professional supervision.
Moderate. May need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separating the times you take each one.
Minor. Generally not clinically significant, but still worth noting and mentioning to your pharmacist.
No known interaction. Checked against our sources with nothing documented — not the same as proven safety.

Likelihood — How Well It’s Documented

Likely. Well-controlled human studies have demonstrated the likely existence of this interaction
Probable. Interaction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
Possible. Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists
Unlikely. Interaction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans.

Where This Data Comes From

Interaction records are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database (TRC Healthcare), the same reference used by pharmacists and hospitals.
Each drug listed above links to the full report for that exact 1,3-dmaa combination — clinical detail, likelihood, evidence level, and citations.
Content is reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists — see our data sources and editorial standards.

The big picture

The kinds of drugs 1,3-dmaa affects

Every type of medication (drug category) 1,3-dmaa is known to interact with. Open any category for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

All 2 drug categories 1,3-dmaa interacts with

Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) SubstratesStimulant Drugs

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

1,3-DMAA strongly inhibits cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzymes in vitro. Theoretically, 1,3-DMAA can increase levels of CYP2D6 substrates. Some of drugs that are CYP2D6 substrates include amitriptyline (Elavil), clozapine (Clozaril), codeine, desipramine (Norpramin), donepezil (Aricept), fentanyl (Duragesic), flecainide (Tambocor), fluoxetine (Prozac), meperidine (Demerol), methadone (Dolophine), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL), olanzapine (Zyprexa), ondansetron (Zofran), tramadol (Ultram), trazodone (Desyrel), and others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Stimulant Drugs

1,3-DMAA is thought to have stimulant effects. There is concern that taking 1,3-DMAA with stimulant drugs might increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular effects. Some preliminary research shows that taking 1,3-DMAA 50 mg daily in combination with caffeine 250 mg daily does not increase respiratory rate, blood pressure, or other cardiovascular outcomes compared to taking caffeine alone in healthy men. However, a number of cardiovascular side effects have been reported for patients taking 1,3-DMAA in combination with other stimulants including caffeine. Theoretically, combining 1,3-DMAA with stimulant drugs might increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular effects. Some stimulant drugs include amphetamine, caffeine, diethylpropion (Tenuate), methylphenidate, phentermine (Ionamin), pseudoephedrine (Sudafed, others), and many others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Monograph

1,3-dmaa: Uses, Safety & Side Effects

Medically reviewed by Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS · Reviewed July 2026 ·

The bottom line

DMAA (1,3-dimethylamylamine) is a synthetic stimulant that was sold in pre-workout and weight-loss supplements but has been linked to serious harm, including high blood pressure, heart problems, strokes, and deaths. The U.S. FDA and regulators in many countries have declared it illegal and unsafe in dietary supplements, so it should be avoided.

Part used: Synthetic compound (not a true plant part); sometimes claimed to come from geranium
Common forms: Capsules, tablets, pre-workout powders (often as a hidden ingredient)

People commonly use it for

Energy and stimulation
Pre-workout performance
Weight loss
Appetite suppression
Focus and concentration

Popular and traditional uses — not proof it works. See “Uses & effectiveness” below for the evidence.

Safety at a glance

OverallBest avoided

DMAA is banned in supplements in many countries and tied to serious cardiovascular harm.

PregnancyInsufficient reliable information

Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.

Read the full pregnancy detail

BreastfeedingInsufficient reliable information

Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.

Read the full breastfeeding detail

Pregnancy & breastfeeding ratings are from Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center). Safety guidance is general; always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor for your situation.

Jump to a section

Overview

1,3-Dimethylamylamine (DMAA) is a man-made stimulant chemical. It is also called dimethylamylamine, methylhexanamine, or by brand-style names like Geranamine. It was once added to some pre-workout powders, energy products, and weight-loss supplements.

Some companies claimed DMAA came naturally from geranium plants. However, independent testing has not reliably found it in geranium, and most experts consider it a synthetic chemical rather than a natural herb.

Because of safety concerns, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and regulators in countries such as Canada, the U.K., Australia, and New Zealand have taken action to remove DMAA from the market. It is not a legal dietary supplement ingredient in the United States.

How it works

DMAA is chemically similar to amphetamine and other stimulant drugs. It is thought to act on the body's sympathetic nervous system — the "fight or flight" system — by increasing the release and activity of chemicals like norepinephrine.

This can narrow blood vessels, raise blood pressure, and speed up the heart rate. These effects may feel like extra energy or alertness, but they also strain the heart and blood vessels.

Much of what is known about its actions comes from its chemical structure and limited studies. The same mechanisms that produce a stimulant effect are also responsible for its dangerous side effects.

Effectiveness

Does 1,3-dmaa work?

Here’s what the research actually shows for each use — graded by Natural Medicines and reviewed by Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD.

Evidence overview · 1 use evaluated

1 Insufficient evidence

How to read these evidence grades

Natural Medicines’ 7-point scale. We show each rating’s label word-for-word.

1EffectiveStrong, consistent evidence it works.

2Likely EffectiveGood evidence, though not yet conclusive.

3Possibly EffectiveSome evidence suggests a benefit.

4Possibly IneffectiveSome evidence it may not help.

5Likely IneffectiveFairly strong evidence it doesn’t help.

6IneffectiveStrong evidence it doesn’t work.

7Insufficient Reliable Evidence to RateToo little research to say either way.

For 1,3-dmaa, current evidence isn’t strong enough to rate any specific use. The conditions it has been studied for are listed below.

Also studied for 1 condition — evidence insufficient to rate

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Obesity

Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Preliminary clinical research suggests a specific combination product, containing 1,3-DMAA, caffeine, and other ingredients (OxyELITE Pro, USPLabs), could potentially affect weight or body fat loss. Taking a single 2-capsule dose seems to significantly increase calorie expenditure and markers of lipolysis within 1-2 hours compared to placebo in a small sample of healthy, exercise trained men and women. However, in an 8-week trial, taking this supplement did not significantly reduce weight or increase fat loss compared to placebo.

Sources Ref 17906 Ref 17907

Source & disclaimer. Effectiveness ratings and evidence summaries are provided by Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) and shown as licensed. Where Natural Medicines hasn’t rated a use, HelloPharmacist’s pharmacists may add their own reviewed rating and evidence (each such entry is labeled). This is educational information, not medical advice — talk with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or changing a supplement.

Safety & precautions

DMAA is considered unsafe. It has been linked to serious problems including very high blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, heart attacks, strokes, liver injury, and deaths — including in young, otherwise healthy adults, sometimes after exercise.

The FDA has warned that DMAA can be especially risky when combined with caffeine or intense physical activity. Anyone with heart disease, high blood pressure, or other health conditions should not use it — and neither should healthy people, given the dangers.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Avoid DMAA completely. There is no safety information, and its strong stimulant effects could harm both the parent and the baby.

Be aware that DMAA is sometimes hidden in products under different names. Check supplement labels carefully and talk to a pharmacist if you are unsure about an ingredient.

Side effects

Reported side effects include increased blood pressure, racing or irregular heartbeat, chest tightness, shortness of breath, headache, nausea, and trouble sleeping.

More serious and sometimes life-threatening problems have been reported, including heart attack, stroke, seizures, liver damage, and sudden death. Because these can happen suddenly, the risk is considered unacceptable.

If you have taken a product containing DMAA and feel chest pain, severe headache, a pounding heartbeat, or shortness of breath, seek emergency medical care right away.

1,3-dmaa: Reported Adverse Effects

Documented safety reports on 1,3-dmaa from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database, shown word-for-word from the licensed record.

Orally, taking 1,3-DMAA combination products (OxyELITE Pro, AmphetaLean, or Jack3d, USPlabs) has been reported to cause cardiac arrest, atrial fibrillation, chest pressure, angina, tachycardia, palpitations, hypertension, hypotension, myocardial infarction, and acute coronary syndrome. Increased heart rate and blood pressure have also been reported. Other reported adverse effects associated with the use of 1,3-DMAA-containing products have included life-threatening lactic acidosis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, urinary changes, liver injury, anaphylaxis, muscle symptoms such as spasm or weakness, neurological symptoms including tremors, insomnia, sweating, tiredness, confusion, headache, and chills, hemorrhagic stroke, pupil dilation or tinnitus, psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, agitation, paranoia, and aggression, or rapid breathing. The dose of 1,3-DMAA at which such adverse effects occur is not clear.

Death has occurred in some cases following organ failure and cardiac arrest.

Topically, rubbing an eye while mixing a drink with a 1,3-DMAA-containing combination product (Jack3d) has caused pupil dilation.

Adverse Event Report. Jack3d. Natural MedWatch, May 28, 2011.
Smith TB, Staub BA, Natarajan GM, et al. Acute myocardial infarction associated with dietary supplements containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine and Citrus aurantium. Tex Heart Inst J 2014;41(1):70-2.
Archer JR, Dargan PI, Lostia AM, van der Walt J, Henderson K, Drake N, Sharma S, Wood DM, Walker CJ, Kicman AT. Running an unknown risk: a marathon death associated with the use of 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA). Drug Test Anal. 2015 May;7(5):433-8.
Armstrong M. Atrial Fibrillation with Rapid Ventricular Response following use of Dietary Supplement Containing 1,3 Dimethylamylamine and Caffeine. J Spec Oper Med. 2012 Winter;12(4):1-4.
Brown JA, Buckley NA. Toxicity from bodybuilding supplements and recreational use of products containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine. Med J Aust. 2013 May 6;198(8):414-5.
Eliason MJ, Eichner A, Cancio A, Bestervelt L, Adams BD, Deuster PA. Case reports: Death of active duty soldiers following ingestion of dietary supplements containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA). Mil Med. 2012 Dec;177(12):1455-9.
Forrester M. Exposures to 1,3-dimethylamylamine-containing products reported to Texas poison centers. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2013 Jan;32(1):18-23.
Van Hout MC, Hearne E. "Plant or poison": A netnographic study of recreational use of 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA). Int J Drug Policy. 2015 Dec;26(12):1279-81.
Gee P, Jackson S, Easton J. Another bitter pill: a case of toxicity from DMAA party pills. N Z Med J 2010;123:124-7.
McCarthy C, Canale RE, Alleman RJ, et al. Biochemical and anthropometric effects of a weight loss dietary supplement in health men and women. Nutr Metab Insights 2012;5:13-22.
Farney TM, McCarthy C, Canale RE, et al. Hemodynamic and hematologic profile of health adults ingesting dietary supplements containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine and caffeine. Nutr Metab Insights 2012;5:1-12.
Dolan SB, Gatch MB. Abuse liability of the dietary supplement dimethylamylamine. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015 Jan 1;146:97-102.
Dunn M. Have prohibition policies made the wrong decision? A critical review of studies investigating the effects of DMAA. Int J Drug Policy. 2017 Feb;40:26-34.
Young C, Oladipo O, Frasier S, et al. Hemorrhagic stroke in young healthy male following use of sports supplement Jack3d. Mil Med 2012;177(12):1450-4.
Removal of the dietary supplement DMAA. Army Medicine, Office of the Surgeon General, 2011. Available at: http://humanperformanceresourcecenter.org/dietary-supplements/files/dmaa-pdf. (Accessed 4 January 2012).
Palmer PG Jr. Deadly dimethylamylamine: "health" supplements are killing consumers while current regulations impede FDA action. J Leg Med. 2014;35(2):311-36.

Reports by condition

Angina Cardiovascular

Due to the stimulant effects of 1,3-DMAA, there is concern that it might increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events similar to synephrine from bitter orange or ephedrine from ephedra. Cardiovascular outcomes have rarely been assessed in patients taking 1,3-DMAA alone. Most adverse effects are linked to 1,3-DMAA-containing combination products. Palpitations and tachycardia are some of the most common side effects reported for adults and children taking 1,3-DMAA-containing combination products. Other less common adverse effects have included chest pressure, angina, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, hypotension, myocardial infarction, and acute coronary syndrome.

There is inconsistent data about the effects of 1,3-DMAA on heart rate and blood pressure. For example, some research suggests that taking specific 1,3-DMAA-containing combination products (OxyELITE Pro or Jack3d, USPlabs) significantly increases systolic blood pressure and increases heart rate within 1-2 hours of taking a dose. These increases appear to be dose dependent. However, in an 8-week study, heart rate was significantly increased, but blood pressure was not. Other research shows that neither acute nor chronic intake of 1,3-DMAA increases heart rate or blood pressure. Overall, it seems that oral intake of a single dose of a 1,3-DMAA-containing product is more likely to increase systolic blood pressure. Resting blood pressure is less likely to remain increased following chronic use. Higher doses are more likely to increase heart rate and blood pressure. Although most sports supplements contain 25-65 mg/dose, some contain as much as 285 mg/dose.

In case reports of healthy young adults taking 1,3-DMAA-containing combination products prior to exercise, cardiac arrest causing death has occurred.

Adverse Event Report. Jack3d. Natural MedWatch, May 28, 2011.
Smith TB, Staub BA, Natarajan GM, et al. Acute myocardial infarction associated with dietary supplements containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine and Citrus aurantium. Tex Heart Inst J 2014;41(1):70-2.
Brown JA, Buckley NA. Toxicity from bodybuilding supplements and recreational use of products containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine. Med J Aust. 2013 May 6;198(8):414-5.
Forrester M. Exposures to 1,3-dimethylamylamine-containing products reported to Texas poison centers. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2013 Jan;32(1):18-23.
Armstrong M. Atrial Fibrillation with Rapid Ventricular Response following use of Dietary Supplement Containing 1,3 Dimethylamylamine and Caffeine. J Spec Oper Med. 2012 Winter;12(4):1-4.
Van Hout MC, Hearne E. "Plant or poison": A netnographic study of recreational use of 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA). Int J Drug Policy. 2015 Dec;26(12):1279-81.
Dunn M. Have prohibition policies made the wrong decision? A critical review of studies investigating the effects of DMAA. Int J Drug Policy. 2017 Feb;40:26-34.
McCarthy C, Farney TM, Canale RE, et al. A finished dietary supplement stimulates lipolysis and metabolic rate in young men and women. Nutr Metab Insights 2012;5:23-31.
McCarthy C, Canale RE, Alleman RJ, et al. Biochemical and anthropometric effects of a weight loss dietary supplement in health men and women. Nutr Metab Insights 2012;5:13-22.
Farney TM, McCarthy C, Canale RE, et al. Hemodynamic and hematologic profile of health adults ingesting dietary supplements containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine and caffeine. Nutr Metab Insights 2012;5:1-12.
Bloomer RJ, Farney TM, Harvey IC, Alleman RJ. Safety profile of caffeine and 1,3-dimethylamylamine supplementation in healthy men. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2013 Nov;32(11):1126-36.
Schilling BK, Hammond KG, Bloomer RJ, Presley CS, Yates CR. Physiological and pharmacokinetic effects of oral 1,3-dimethylamylamine administration in men. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2013 Oct 4;14:52.
Whitehead PN, Schilling BK, Farney TM, Bloomer RJ. Impact of a dietary supplement containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine on blood pressure and bloodborne markers of health: a 10-week intervention study. Nutr Metab Insights. 2012 Feb 2;5:33-9.
Archer JR, Dargan PI, Lostia AM, van der Walt J, Henderson K, Drake N, Sharma S, Wood DM, Walker CJ, Kicman AT. Running an unknown risk: a marathon death associated with the use of 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA). Drug Test Anal. 2015 May;7(5):433-8.
Eliason MJ, Eichner A, Cancio A, Bestervelt L, Adams BD, Deuster PA. Case reports: Death of active duty soldiers following ingestion of dietary supplements containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA). Mil Med. 2012 Dec;177(12):1455-9.

Anxiety Psychiatric

Orally, taking 1,3-DMAA-containing combination products has been reported to cause feelings of anxiety, suicidal behavior, agitation or irritability, paranoia, depression, panic, and aggression or combativeness.

McCarthy C, Canale RE, Alleman RJ, et al. Biochemical and anthropometric effects of a weight loss dietary supplement in health men and women. Nutr Metab Insights 2012;5:13-22.
Brown JA, Buckley NA. Toxicity from bodybuilding supplements and recreational use of products containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine. Med J Aust. 2013 May 6;198(8):414-5.
Forrester M. Exposures to 1,3-dimethylamylamine-containing products reported to Texas poison centers. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2013 Jan;32(1):18-23.
Van Hout MC, Hearne E. "Plant or poison": A netnographic study of recreational use of 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA). Int J Drug Policy. 2015 Dec;26(12):1279-81.
Adverse Event Report. Jack3d. Natural MedWatch, May 28, 2011.

Cluster headache Neurologic/CNS

Orally, taking specific 1,3-DMAA-containing combination products (OxyELITE Pro or Jack3d, USPlabs) has been reported to cause feelings of jitters, sleeplessness, shakiness, chills, sweating, fatigue, tingling, and lack of focus in clinical trials. Other adverse effects reported for products containing 1,3-DMAA have included headache, dizziness, tremor, numbness, flushing, seizure, blacking out, visual disturbances, confusion, and lethargy. In a case report, a 26 year old male reported with a hemorrhagic stroke linked to taking the supplement Jack3d, which contains 1,3-DMAA, schizandrol A, caffeine, beta-alanine, creatine, and L-arginine alpha-ketoglutarate. In another report, a patient experienced a hemorrhagic stroke after taking two tablets of a product containing 1,3-DMAA 278 mg each along with caffeine 150 mg and a can of beer.

McCarthy C, Canale RE, Alleman RJ, et al. Biochemical and anthropometric effects of a weight loss dietary supplement in health men and women. Nutr Metab Insights 2012;5:13-22.
Adverse Event Report. Jack3d. Natural MedWatch, May 28, 2011.
Farney TM, McCarthy C, Canale RE, et al. Hemodynamic and hematologic profile of health adults ingesting dietary supplements containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine and caffeine. Nutr Metab Insights 2012;5:1-12.
Brown JA, Buckley NA. Toxicity from bodybuilding supplements and recreational use of products containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine. Med J Aust. 2013 May 6;198(8):414-5.
Dunn M. Have prohibition policies made the wrong decision? A critical review of studies investigating the effects of DMAA. Int J Drug Policy. 2017 Feb;40:26-34.
Forrester M. Exposures to 1,3-dimethylamylamine-containing products reported to Texas poison centers. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2013 Jan;32(1):18-23.
Van Hout MC, Hearne E. "Plant or poison": A netnographic study of recreational use of 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA). Int J Drug Policy. 2015 Dec;26(12):1279-81.
Young C, Oladipo O, Frasier S, et al. Hemorrhagic stroke in young healthy male following use of sports supplement Jack3d. Mil Med 2012;177(12):1450-4.
Gee P, Jackson S, Easton J. Another bitter pill: a case of toxicity from DMAA party pills. N Z Med J 2010;123:124-7.

Diarrhea Gastrointestinal

Orally, taking 1,3-DMAA-containing combination products has been reported to cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, vomiting blood, and abdominal pain.

McCarthy C, Canale RE, Alleman RJ, et al. Biochemical and anthropometric effects of a weight loss dietary supplement in health men and women. Nutr Metab Insights 2012;5:13-22.
Farney TM, McCarthy C, Canale RE, et al. Hemodynamic and hematologic profile of health adults ingesting dietary supplements containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine and caffeine. Nutr Metab Insights 2012;5:1-12.
Brown JA, Buckley NA. Toxicity from bodybuilding supplements and recreational use of products containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine. Med J Aust. 2013 May 6;198(8):414-5.
Forrester M. Exposures to 1,3-dimethylamylamine-containing products reported to Texas poison centers. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2013 Jan;32(1):18-23.
Van Hout MC, Hearne E. "Plant or poison": A netnographic study of recreational use of 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA). Int J Drug Policy. 2015 Dec;26(12):1279-81.
Gee P, Jackson S, Easton J. Another bitter pill: a case of toxicity from DMAA party pills. N Z Med J 2010;123:124-7.

Liver transplant Hepatic

Acute liver injury, in some cases requiring a liver transplant, has been reported following oral intake of 1,3-DMAA-containing products.

Stroke Other

There are at least two reports of death in US Army soldiers who took 1,3-DMAA supplements and suffered heat stroke and related complications following physical fitness training.

Removal of the dietary supplement DMAA. Army Medicine, Office of the Surgeon General, 2011. Available at: http://humanperformanceresourcecenter.org/dietary-supplements/files/dmaa-pdf. (Accessed 4 January 2012).

Tinnitus Ocular/Otic

Orally, dimethylamine-containing products have caused tinnitus and pupil dilation. Pupil dilation also occurred after rubbing an eye while mixing a drink with the specific product Jack3d, containing 1,3-DMAA.

Urinary retention Genitourinary

Urinary hesitancy, urinary retention, and uncontrolled urination, have been reported following ingestion of 1,3-DMAA-containing combination products.

DISCLAIMER: This tool is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Patients should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions.

Adverse-effects data: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center

Dosing

There is no safe or established dose of DMAA. It is not approved as a dietary supplement ingredient, and we do not recommend taking it in any amount.

Because DMAA may be hidden in some products, the safest approach is to avoid pre-workout or weight-loss supplements that list ingredients like dimethylamylamine, methylhexanamine, or Geranamine. If you find one of these on a label, do not use the product and ask a pharmacist for guidance.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

1,3-dmaa & Pregnancy

Insufficient reliable information

Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.

1,3-dmaa & Breastfeeding

Insufficient reliable information

Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.

Pregnancy & lactation ratings: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center

References & further reading

The 21 references that drive our 1,3-dmaa monograph and interaction data, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Citations with a link open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Adverse Event Report. Jack3d. Natural MedWatch, May 28, 2011.
Gee P, Jackson S, Easton J. Another bitter pill: a case of toxicity from DMAA party pills. N Z Med J 2010;123:124-7.
Removal of the dietary supplement DMAA. Army Medicine, Office of the Surgeon General, 2011. Available at: http://humanperformanceresourcecenter.org/dietary-supplements/files/dmaa-pdf. (Accessed 4 January 2012).
McCarthy C, Farney TM, Canale RE, et al. A finished dietary supplement stimulates lipolysis and metabolic rate in young men and women. Nutr Metab Insights 2012;5:23-31. PubMed
McCarthy C, Canale RE, Alleman RJ, et al. Biochemical and anthropometric effects of a weight loss dietary supplement in health men and women. Nutr Metab Insights 2012;5:13-22.
Farney TM, McCarthy C, Canale RE, et al. Hemodynamic and hematologic profile of health adults ingesting dietary supplements containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine and caffeine. Nutr Metab Insights 2012;5:1-12.
Young C, Oladipo O, Frasier S, et al. Hemorrhagic stroke in young healthy male following use of sports supplement Jack3d. Mil Med 2012;177(12):1450-4. PubMed
Smith TB, Staub BA, Natarajan GM, et al. Acute myocardial infarction associated with dietary supplements containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine and Citrus aurantium. Tex Heart Inst J 2014;41(1):70-2. PubMed
Liu Y, Santillo MF. Cytochrome P450 2D6 and 3A4 enzyme inhibition by amine stimulants in dietary supplements. Drug Test Anal. 2016;8(3-4):307-10. PubMed
Archer JR, Dargan PI, Lostia AM, van der Walt J, Henderson K, Drake N, Sharma S, Wood DM, Walker CJ, Kicman AT. Running an unknown risk: a marathon death associated with the use of 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA). Drug Test Anal. 2015 May;7(5):433-8. PubMed
Armstrong M. Atrial Fibrillation with Rapid Ventricular Response following use of Dietary Supplement Containing 1,3 Dimethylamylamine and Caffeine. J Spec Oper Med. 2012 Winter;12(4):1-4. PubMed
Bloomer RJ, Farney TM, Harvey IC, Alleman RJ. Safety profile of caffeine and 1,3-dimethylamylamine supplementation in healthy men. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2013 Nov;32(11):1126-36. PubMed
Brown JA, Buckley NA. Toxicity from bodybuilding supplements and recreational use of products containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine. Med J Aust. 2013 May 6;198(8):414-5. PubMed
Dolan SB, Gatch MB. Abuse liability of the dietary supplement dimethylamylamine. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015 Jan 1;146:97-102. PubMed
Dunn M. Have prohibition policies made the wrong decision? A critical review of studies investigating the effects of DMAA. Int J Drug Policy. 2017 Feb;40:26-34. PubMed
Eliason MJ, Eichner A, Cancio A, Bestervelt L, Adams BD, Deuster PA. Case reports: Death of active duty soldiers following ingestion of dietary supplements containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA). Mil Med. 2012 Dec;177(12):1455-9. PubMed
Forrester M. Exposures to 1,3-dimethylamylamine-containing products reported to Texas poison centers. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2013 Jan;32(1):18-23. PubMed
Palmer PG Jr. Deadly dimethylamylamine: "health" supplements are killing consumers while current regulations impede FDA action. J Leg Med. 2014;35(2):311-36. PubMed
Schilling BK, Hammond KG, Bloomer RJ, Presley CS, Yates CR. Physiological and pharmacokinetic effects of oral 1,3-dimethylamylamine administration in men. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2013 Oct 4;14:52. PubMed
Van Hout MC, Hearne E. "Plant or poison": A netnographic study of recreational use of 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA). Int J Drug Policy. 2015 Dec;26(12):1279-81. PubMed
Whitehead PN, Schilling BK, Farney TM, Bloomer RJ. Impact of a dietary supplement containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine on blood pressure and bloodborne markers of health: a 10-week intervention study. Nutr Metab Insights. 2012 Feb 2;5:33-9. PubMed

Keep reading

This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

Brand directory

Brands that make products with 1,3-dmaa

40 brands in our database make a supplement containing 1,3-dmaa.

8WeeksOut 12 products AMMO American Muscle Mass Optimization 10 products Anarchy Labs 2 products ATS Labs 19 products Aviva Nutrition 3 products BCS Labs 2 products Betancourt Nutrition 28 products Blackmarket 8 products Blackstone Labs 83 products BS Supplements 1 product Cellucor 473 products Centurion Labz 15 products Chaotic-Labz 37 products DBI Distribution 11 products Epic Labs 1 product EST Engineered Sports Technology 5 products First Choice Supplements 1 product Formutech Nutrition 5 products Gaspari Nutrition 284 products GenOne Laboratories 4 products Hi-Tech Pharmaceuticals 106 products Innovative 2 products Innovative Bio-Labs 2 products Innovative Laboratories 5 products

Product directory

Supplement products with 1,3-dmaa

94 products in our database contain 1,3-dmaa. Open any to see its full ingredient list and every drug interaction we check.

Pharmacist Counseling Corner

1,3-dmaa: Common Questions

What is 1,3-dmaa used for, and does it work?

People use 1,3-dmaa for a range of reasons, but according to the Natural Medicines database the current clinical evidence is insufficient to confirm it works for the specific conditions it has been studied for. See the graded list on this page, and talk to your pharmacist or doctor before relying on it for any condition.

Does 1,3-dmaa interact with prescription medications?

Yes. We list 321 medications with a known interaction with 1,3-dmaa. Use the checker above to see how 1,3-dmaa interacts with a specific drug.

How are 1,3-dmaa interactions rated?

Each interaction is graded major, moderate, or minor based on how clinically significant it is and the strength of the evidence behind it. Major interactions are the most serious and are best avoided, or used only under close professional supervision.

Is it safe to take 1,3-dmaa with my medications?

It depends on the specific medication. Some combinations are fine, while others call for monitoring, timing changes, or should be avoided. Check your exact drug above and confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or changing anything.

Where does this 1,3-dmaa interaction information come from?

Our interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database — an evidence-graded reference for vitamins, herbs, and supplements — and is reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists, who may add clinical context.

Is DMAA legal?

No. In the United States, the FDA has declared DMAA illegal in dietary supplements, and many other countries have banned or restricted it because of safety concerns.

Does DMAA really come from geranium plants?

Most experts consider DMAA a synthetic chemical. Independent testing has not reliably confirmed that it occurs naturally in geranium, despite some product claims.

Why is DMAA considered dangerous?

It is a powerful stimulant that can raise blood pressure and heart rate, and it has been linked to heart attacks, strokes, and deaths, sometimes in young, healthy people.

Can I take DMAA while pregnant or breastfeeding?

No. There is no safety data, and its strong stimulant effects could harm you or your baby. Avoid it entirely.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Keep exploring

Products that contain 1,3-dmaa

A rotating sample of real supplements in our database that list 1,3-dmaa — open any to see its full ingredients and every drug interaction we check.

See all 94 products with 1,3-dmaa →

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1,3-dmaa Drug Interactions, Uses, Effectiveness, Safety & More

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1,3-dmaa Drug Interactions: The Bottom Line

Drugs that interact with 1,3-dmaa

Don’t want to scroll the list? Just ask.

What Severity, Likelihood & Evidence Mean

Severity — How Serious It Can Be

Likelihood — How Well It’s Documented

Where This Data Comes From

The kinds of drugs 1,3-dmaa affects

1,3-dmaa: Uses, Safety & Side Effects

Overview

How it works

Does 1,3-dmaa work?

Safety & precautions

Side effects

1,3-dmaa: Reported Adverse Effects

Dosing

1,3-dmaa & Pregnancy

1,3-dmaa & Breastfeeding

References & further reading

Brands that make products with 1,3-dmaa

Supplement products with 1,3-dmaa

1,3-dmaa: Common Questions

Related supplements & herbs

Products that contain 1,3-dmaa

Have a question about 1,3-dmaa?