What Supplements Interact with Minocycline?

What it is: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (often labeled L.

Theoretically, taking Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L.

What it is: Lactiplantibacillus pentosus is a 'friendly' probiotic bacterium found in many fermented foods and used in some supplements for gut and immu...

Theoretically, taking Lactiplantibacillus pentosus with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L.

What it is: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is a 'friendly' bacterium (probiotic) found in fermented foods and many supplements, studied mainly for digest...

Theoretically, taking Lactiplantibacillus plantarum with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L.

What it is: Lactobacillus acidophilus is a 'friendly' bacterium used as a probiotic to support gut and vaginal health.

Theoretically, taking Lactobacillus acidophilus with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L.

What it is: Lactobacillus crispatus is a 'good' bacterium that naturally dominates a healthy vaginal microbiome and is sold as a probiotic, mainly for v...

Theoretically, taking Lactobacillus crispatus with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L.

What it is: Lactobacillus delbrueckii is a 'friendly' bacterium used in food fermentation and sold as a probiotic, often as part of multi-strain product...

Theoretically, taking Lactobacillus delbrueckii with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L.

What it is: Lactobacillus gasseri is a 'friendly' probiotic bacterium found naturally in the human gut, mouth, and vaginal tract, and in some fermented...

Theoretically, taking Lactobacillus gasseri with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L.

What it is: Lactobacillus helveticus is a lactic acid bacterium used as a probiotic, often combined with other strains in mood, gut, and general wellnes...

Theoretically, taking Lactobacillus helveticus with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L.

What it is: Lactobacillus jensenii is one of the natural 'good' bacteria found in a healthy vagina, and it is sometimes added to probiotic products mark...

Theoretically, taking Lactobacillus jensenii with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L.

What it is: Lactobacillus johnsonii is a probiotic bacterium found naturally in the human gut and in some fermented foods, and it is used mainly for dig...

Theoretically, taking Lactobacillus johnsonii with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L.

What it is: Latilactobacillus sakei is a probiotic bacterium found in fermented foods like kimchi and certain meats, studied mostly for nasal sinus prob...

Theoretically, taking Latilactobacillus sakei with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L.

What it is: Levilactobacillus brevis (formerly Lactobacillus brevis) is a lactic acid bacterium found in fermented foods like sauerkraut, pickles, and k...

Theoretically, taking Levilactobacillus brevis with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L.

What it is: Ligilactobacillus salivarius (formerly called Lactobacillus salivarius) is a probiotic bacterium found naturally in the mouth and gut of hum...

Theoretically, taking Ligilactobacillus salivarius with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L.

What it is: Limosilactobacillus fermentum (formerly Lactobacillus fermentum) is a probiotic bacterium found in fermented foods and the human body, used...

Theoretically, taking Limosilactobacillus fermentum with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L.

What it is: Limosilactobacillus reuteri (formerly Lactobacillus reuteri) is a probiotic bacterium found in the human gut and certain fermented foods.

Theoretically, taking Limosilactobacillus reuteri with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L.

What it is: Magnesium is an essential mineral your body needs for muscles, nerves, blood pressure, and many other functions, and supplements are useful...

Magnesium decreases absorption of tetracyclines.

What it is: Manganese is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for bone formation, metabolism, and antioxidant defense, and most p...

Theoretically, manganese might reduce the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics.

What it is: Masterwort (Heracleum sphondylium), a plant in the carrot family, has a long folk-medicine history for digestion, nerves, and skin.

The use of masterwort in conjunction with photosensitizing drugs is contraindicated due to the potential for additive photosensitizing effects.

What it is: Probiotics are live 'friendly' microbes that may help certain digestive conditions, such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea and some cases of...

Theoretically, taking antibiotic drugs with certain probiotics might decrease the effectiveness of probiotics.

What it is: Strontium is a mineral that has been studied mainly for bone health and osteoporosis.

Theoretically, strontium might decrease the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics.

What it is: Whey protein is a high-quality, complete protein made from cow's milk that can help people meet protein needs and support muscle growth when...

Theoretically, whey protein might decrease tetracycline absorption.

What it is: Wild carrot is a traditional herb (the wild ancestor of the garden carrot) used mostly for urinary, digestive, and menstrual complaints.

Theoretically, concomitant use might result in increased photosensitivity.

What it is: Willow bark is a traditional plant remedy that contains salicin, a compound related to aspirin, and is most often used for pain and inflamma...

Theoretically, willow bark might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Yogurt is a fermented dairy food that often contains live bacteria (probiotics) and provides protein, calcium, and other nutrients.

Taking yogurt with tetracycline antibiotics seems to reduce the levels and clinical effects of tetracycline antibiotics.

What it is: Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell.

Zinc might reduce levels of tetracycline antibiotics.

What it is: Aconite is a highly poisonous plant, and even small amounts of the raw or improperly processed root can cause severe, life-threatening react...

Theoretically, combining aconite with other antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.

What it is: Alfalfa is a nutrient-rich legume that people use for high cholesterol, menopause symptoms, and general wellness, but solid human evidence f...

Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.

What it is: Allspice is a popular cooking spice from a Caribbean evergreen tree that has long been used in folk medicine for digestion, pain, and infect...

Theoretically, combining allspice with an antiplatelet or anticoagulant drug might increase the risk of bleeding.

What it is: Aloe vera gel is widely used on the skin for minor burns and irritation, and some research suggests it may help.

Theoretically, aloe gel might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is an antioxidant made naturally by the body and found in small amounts in foods.

Theoretically, alpha-lipoic acid may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Andrographis is a bitter Asian herb traditionally used for colds, flu, and infections, and some studies suggest it may ease cold symptoms an...

Theoretically, andrographis might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Angelica archangelica is a tall aromatic herb used traditionally for digestive complaints, poor appetite, and to flavor foods and liqueurs.

Angelica archangelica, whether ingested or applied to the skin, has the potential to induce photosensitivity reactions.

What it is: Aristolochia contains aristolochic acid, a potent toxin linked to severe kidney damage and cancer, and it is not safe to take.

Aristolochia is nephrotoxic.

What it is: Arrach (Chenopodium vulvaria) is a strong-smelling European herb that has been used in traditional folk medicine, mainly for menstrual and n...

Theoretically, concomitant use of arrach can increase risk of adverse effects, as unspecified Chenopodium species are associated with photosensitivity.

What it is: Asafoetida is a strong-smelling plant resin used widely as a spice and in traditional medicine, mainly for digestive complaints.

Theoretically, asafoetida might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Ashwagandha is an Ayurvedic herb most often taken to help with stress, anxiety, and sleep, and some small studies suggest it may help, thoug...

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.

What it is: Atractylodes is a root used for centuries in traditional Chinese, Japanese, and Thai medicine, mostly for digestive complaints and fatigue,...

Theoretically, atractylodes might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Babassu comes from a Brazilian palm tree, and its oil and mesocarp flour are used in foods, cosmetics, and traditional remedies.

Evidence from animal research suggests that babassu has antithrombotic effects.

What it is: Baikal skullcap is a traditional Chinese herb (Huang Qin) used for inflammation, allergies, and infections, with active compounds like baica...

Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Basil is a popular cooking herb that is generally safe in the amounts used in food.

Theoretically, basil might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Bear's garlic is a wild relative of garlic enjoyed mainly as a mild-tasting food.

In vitro research shows that bear's garlic and some of its constituents can inhibit platelet aggregation.

What it is: Berberine is a yellow plant compound that has shown promise for lowering blood sugar and cholesterol in some studies, but the quality of res...

Theoretically, berberine might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Bilberry is a blueberry-like fruit rich in antioxidant plant compounds called anthocyanins, and it has a long history of traditional use for...

Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Bishop's Weed (Ammi majus) is a flowering plant whose seeds contain natural light-sensitizing compounds called psoralens, which have been st...

Bishop's weed constituents seem to cause photosensitivity.

What it is: Bismuth is a metallic element used in medicine mostly as bismuth subsalicylate (the active ingredient in some well-known stomach remedies) t...

Theoretically, use of bismuth subgallate or other bismuth salts might reduce the effects of anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Bitter melon is a tropical fruit eaten as food and used in traditional medicine, most often for blood sugar control.

Theoretically, bitter melon might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.

What it is: Black cohosh is a North American plant most often used to ease menopause symptoms like hot flashes, but the research is mixed and far from s...

Theoretically, taking black cohosh with hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of liver damage.

What it is: Black currant is a nutritious berry that is rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, and its seed oil contains the omega-6 fatty acid GLA.

Theoretically, black currant seed oil might increase the risk of bleeding if used in combination with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Black Hellebore is a highly toxic plant that was used in old folk medicine but has no proven, safe modern use.

Theoretically, concomitant use of tetracyclic antibiotics and black hellebore might increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.

What it is: Black pepper is a common kitchen spice that is generally safe in the amounts used in food.

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.

What it is: Black seed (Nigella sativa) is a traditional spice and remedy that has been studied for asthma, blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure...

Theoretically, black seed may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Black tea is a popular caffeinated drink made from the fully oxidized leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant, and it contains caffeine and an...

Theoretically, black tea may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Blood Irradiation Therapy is a medical procedure—not a dietary supplement or herb—in which blood is exposed to ultraviolet or laser light, e...

Preliminary clinical research suggests that blood irradiation therapy might reduce platelet aggregation.

What it is: Boldo is a South American shrub whose leaves are traditionally used for digestive and gallbladder complaints, but good human evidence is ver...

Theoretically, taking boldo with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatic injury and disease.

What it is: Borage is a Mediterranean herb whose seed oil is rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid studied mostly for skin condition...

Theoretically, borage seed oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Breadfruit is a starchy tropical fruit eaten as a staple food, and its leaves are used in traditional medicine for conditions like high bloo...

Theoretically, concomitant use with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.

What it is: Bromelain is a group of protein-digesting enzymes from pineapple that people take mainly for inflammation, swelling, and sinus problems.

Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Buchu is a fragrant South African shrub whose leaves are traditionally used for urinary and bladder complaints and as a diuretic.

Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.

What it is: Bulbine natalensis is a South African plant marketed mainly as a testosterone-boosting and libido supplement, but the human evidence is esse...

Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might increase the levels and clinical effects of p-glycoprotein substrates.

What it is: Bupleurum (Chai Hu) is a root used in traditional Chinese medicine, usually as part of multi-herb formulas, for liver, digestive, and fever-...

Theoretically, bupleurum might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Burdock is a traditional herb most often used for skin problems and as a so-called 'blood purifier,' but high-quality human studies are lack...

Theoretically, taking burdock with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.

What it is: Caffeine is a natural stimulant found in coffee, tea, and many other plants and products.

Theoretically, caffeine may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Camphor is a strong-smelling compound from the camphor tree (or made synthetically) that is used in many topical rub-on products for muscle...

Theoretically, concomitant use of camphor with other hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.

What it is: Canadian Fleabane is a common North American weed used in traditional medicine for diarrhea, minor bleeding, and urinary issues, but high-qu...

Theoretically, Canadian fleabane might cause additive effects and side effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Cannabis contains many active compounds, mainly THC (which causes a 'high') and CBD (which does not).

Theoretically, cannabis might alter levels of drugs that are substrates of P-glycoprotein (P-gp).

What it is: Capsicum (chili pepper) contains capsaicin, which is best known and best studied as a topical treatment for certain types of pain.

Theoretically, capsicum may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Carrageenan is a fiber-like substance taken from red seaweed and is mostly used as a thickener and gelling agent in foods.

Theoretically, carrageenan may increase the risk of bleeding in patients taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Cassia cinnamon is the common, inexpensive cinnamon used in cooking, and it is also taken as a supplement, most often for blood sugar suppor...

Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.

What it is: Cat's claw is a South American vine traditionally used for inflammation, joint pain, and immune support.

Theoretically, cat's claw may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Celery is a common vegetable that is also taken as a seed extract or oil supplement, mainly for blood pressure, fluid retention, and joint d...

Theoretically, celery root might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Ceylon Leadwort (Plumbago zeylanica) is a plant long used in Ayurvedic and other traditional medicine systems, mainly for digestion, skin pr...

There is some concern that Ceylon leadwort might potentiate the effects of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs and possibly increase the risk of bleeding.

What it is: Chaga is a fungus that grows mostly on birch trees and is used as a tea or supplement, mainly for immune and antioxidant support.

Theoretically, chaga may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Chanca piedra is a tropical herb traditionally used as a 'stone breaker' for kidney and gallstones, and for liver and urinary health.

Theoretically, chanca piedra might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Chaparral is a desert shrub long used in traditional medicine, but there is no reliable proof it treats any condition.

Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.

What it is: Chlorella is a nutrient-rich freshwater green algae taken as a supplement for general wellness, immune support, and 'detox.' Some small stud...

Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.

What it is: Chokeberry (aronia) is a dark berry rich in antioxidants called polyphenols, and it's widely eaten as juice, jam, and supplements.

Theoretically, chokeberry might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Chrysin is a plant flavonoid sold mainly as a bodybuilding supplement claimed to raise testosterone or block estrogen, but human studies hav...

Theoretically, chrysin might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Cilantro is the leafy part of the Coriandrum sativum plant and is widely eaten as a food, where it is considered safe for most people.

Evidence from in vitro research suggests that coriandrin, a constituent of cilantro, has photosensitizing effects.

What it is: Cinchona bark is the natural source of quinine and has been used for centuries to treat malaria and fever, but the bark itself is not standa...

Theoretically, taking cinchona might increase the drug effects and risk of bleeding with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Cnidium is the dried fruit of an Asian plant long used in traditional Chinese medicine, mostly for skin problems and sexual health.

Laboratory research shows that osthol, a constituent of cnidium, inhibits blood clotting and the activity of platelets.

What it is: Cocoa is rich in plant compounds called flavanols that may modestly support blood vessel function and blood pressure, but most chocolate pro...

Theoretically, cocoa may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Cod liver oil supplies omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) along with vitamins A and D, and is popular for heart, joint, and general health su...

Theoretically, cod liver oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Codonopsis (often called 'dang shen') is a root long used in Traditional Chinese Medicine as a gentle energy and digestive tonic, frequently...

Theoretically, codonopsis liquor might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.

What it is: Coleus is a plant from the mint family whose root contains a compound called forskolin, often marketed for weight loss, asthma, and heart he...

Theoretically, concomitant use of coleus and anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.

What it is: Coltsfoot is a traditional herb long used to soothe coughs and clear mucus, but solid human evidence for these uses is lacking.

Concomitant use might increase the risk of bleeding due to decreased platelet aggregation.

What it is: Comfrey is a traditional herb used mainly on the skin for bruises, sprains, and joint pain, and some topical products show modest benefit fo...

Theoretically, comfrey might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.

What it is: CLA is a fatty acid found naturally in meat and dairy, and supplements are usually made from safflower oil.

Theoretically, CLA may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Cordyceps is a fungus used in traditional Chinese medicine for energy, exercise performance, and lung and immune support.

Theoretically, cordyceps may increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.

What it is: Coriander (also called cilantro) is a common cooking herb and spice that has long been used in traditional medicine for digestive complaints...

Theoretically, coriander might increase the risk of photosensitivity when taken with photosensitizing drugs.

What it is: Corydalis yanhusuo is a traditional Chinese herb used mainly for pain.

Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Cumin is a common cooking spice that has a long history in traditional medicine for digestion and other complaints.

Theoretically, cumin might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.

What it is: Cypress comes from the Mediterranean cypress tree and is most often used as an essential oil in aromatherapy or skin care, and traditionally...

In vitro evidence shows that cypress cone extract inhibits blood coagulation in a concentration-dependent manner.

What it is: Dandelion is a common plant used in food and traditional medicine, often promoted as a natural 'water pill' and digestive aid.

Theoretically, taking dandelion root along with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.

What it is: THC is the main mind-altering compound in cannabis and is best known for causing a 'high.' A prescription form (dronabinol) is approved for...

Theoretically, THC might alter levels of drugs that are substrates of P-glycoprotein (P-gp).

What it is: DHEA is a natural hormone that the body makes and that declines with age, and it is sold as a supplement claiming many benefits.

Theoretically, DHEA might increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: DMSO is a colorless liquid solvent that people apply to the skin for pain and inflammation, and it is FDA-approved (as a prescription) only...

Theoretically, DMSO might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Diosmin is a citrus-derived flavonoid most often used for vein-related problems such as chronic venous insufficiency and hemorrhoids, and it...

Theoretically, diosmin might increase levels of drugs that are substrates of P-glycoprotein (P-gp).

What it is: Dong Quai is a traditional Chinese herb often called "female ginseng" and is mostly used for menstrual and menopausal complaints.

Theoretically, dong quai may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs; however, research is conflicting.

What it is: EPA is an omega-3 fatty acid found mostly in fatty fish and fish oil, and it is best known for lowering high triglycerides.

Theoretically, EPA may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Eleuthero is an herb traditionally used as an 'adaptogen' to fight fatigue, boost energy, and help the body handle stress.

Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.

What it is: Ephedra (ma huang) contains powerful stimulants like ephedrine that affect the heart and nervous system.

Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.

What it is: Epistane is a synthetic anabolic steroid (a methylated 'designer steroid'), not a true dietary supplement or herb, even though it has been s...

Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.

What it is: European barberry is a shrub whose root, bark, and berries contain berberine, a bitter plant alkaloid that has been studied mostly in isolat...

Theoretically, European barberry may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Evening primrose oil is a seed oil rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid, that is popularly used for skin conditions, PM...

Theoretically, evening primrose oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Evodia is a fruit used in traditional Chinese medicine, most often for digestive complaints, headaches, and menstrual pain.

Theoretically, taking evodia with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.

What it is: Fasting means voluntarily going without food (and sometimes drink) for set periods.

Fasting may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Fennel is a Mediterranean herb widely used as a food and spice, and traditionally taken for digestive complaints, colic, and menstrual cramp...

Theoretically, fennel might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.

What it is: Feverfew is a daisy-family herb best known for migraine prevention, where some studies suggest it may modestly lower how often migraines occ...

Theoretically, feverfew might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Fig (Ficus carica) is a common fruit that has long been used as a gentle food remedy for constipation, and its leaves are used traditionally...

Theoretically, fig might increase the risk of photosensitivity when used in combination with photosensitizing drugs.

What it is: Flaxseed is a nutritious food rich in fiber, omega-3 fats (ALA), and plant compounds called lignans.

Theoretically, antibiotics might interfere with the metabolism of flaxseed constituents, which could potentially alter the effects of flaxseed.

What it is: Flaxseed oil is a plant-based source of the omega-3 fatty acid ALA, which the body can partly convert to the omega-3s found in fish oil.

Theoretically, using flaxseed oil in combination with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.

What it is: Fo-ti (He Shou Wu) is a root used in traditional Chinese medicine, often promoted for healthy aging and hair.

Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.

What it is: Foxglove is a beautiful but highly poisonous plant that contains powerful heart-affecting compounds called cardiac glycosides.

Theoretically, concomitant use of quinine increases the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.

What it is: Fulvic acid is a natural compound formed when plants and microbes break down in soil, and it is sold as a supplement for energy, gut, and ov...

Theoretically, taking fulvic acid may decrease the effectiveness of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is an omega-6 fatty acid found in oils like evening primrose and borage.

Theoretically, GLA might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet rugs.

What it is: Garcinia is a tropical fruit whose rind contains hydroxycitric acid (HCA), widely marketed for weight loss and appetite control.

Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.

What it is: Garden cress is a nutritious leafy herb and seed used widely in cooking and traditional medicine, providing vitamins, minerals, and fiber.

Theoretically, garden cress seed may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Garlic is a common food and supplement that may modestly help with blood pressure and cholesterol, though the evidence is mixed and effects...

Garlic may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Ginger is a widely used culinary spice with a long history in traditional medicine, and it has the strongest evidence for helping with nause...

Ginger might increase the absorption and blood levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.

What it is: Ginkgo is one of the world's most popular herbal supplements, mostly taken to support memory and circulation.

Theoretically, taking ginkgo with P-glycoprotein substrates might increase the levels and adverse effects of these substrates.

What it is: Goat's rue is a traditional herb most often used by nursing parents to try to increase milk supply, and it has a historical link to diabetes...

Laboratory research suggests that goat's rue extract can inhibit platelet aggregation.

What it is: Gotu kola is a traditional Ayurvedic and Asian herb that people use for wound healing, circulation, skin problems, and as a calming or memor...

Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.

What it is: Grapes and grape products like grape seed extract contain antioxidant compounds such as resveratrol and proanthocyanidins that may support h...

Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Greater celandine is a traditional herb most often promoted for digestive and gallbladder complaints, but solid human evidence for any use i...

There is some concern that greater celandine can adversely affect the liver.

What it is: Green tea is a popular beverage rich in antioxidants called catechins, and drinking it in normal amounts is considered safe for most people.

Green tea might increase the levels and adverse effects of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.

What it is: Guar gum is a soluble, gel-forming fiber from the guar bean that may modestly help with cholesterol, blood sugar, and bowel regularity.

Guar gum might reduce the absorption of some oral drugs, potentially decreasing their effectiveness.

What it is: Guarana is an Amazonian seed that is naturally high in caffeine, which explains most of its stimulant and energy effects.

Theoretically, guarana may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Guggul is a gum resin from the Commiphora wightii tree, long used in Ayurvedic medicine for cholesterol, joint, and skin problems.

Theoretically, guggul might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Gum arabic is a soluble dietary fiber from the acacia tree that is widely used as a safe food additive and is sometimes taken as a supplemen...

Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.

What it is: Hawthorn is a plant traditionally used for heart-related complaints, and some studies suggest it may modestly help symptoms of mild heart fa...

Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Hedge mustard is a traditional European herb long nicknamed the 'singer's plant' because it was used to soothe hoarseness and sore throats.

Theoretically, taking hedge mustard with tetracycline antibiotics might increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.

What it is: Hemp agrimony is a traditional European herb that has been used for digestion, colds, and as a general tonic, but there is very little relia...

Hemp agrimony contains hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA).

What it is: Hesperidin is a flavonoid found in citrus fruits that is often combined with diosmin and used for vein and circulation problems like hemorrh...

Theoretically, hesperidin might inhibit P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux and potentially increase levels of drugs that are substrates of P-glycoprotein.

What it is: Higenamine is a plant-based stimulant compound added to many weight-loss and pre-workout supplements, but there is very little human evidenc...

Theoretically, higenamine might increase the risk of bleeding or bruising when taken with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Holy basil (tulsi) is a traditional Ayurvedic herb most often used today for stress and general wellness, but the human evidence is mostly s...

Theoretically, holy basil seed oil might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Honeysuckle, especially Japanese honeysuckle flower (Lonicera japonica), is a staple of traditional Chinese medicine used mainly for colds,...

Theoretically, honeysuckle might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Horny goat weed (Epimedium) is a traditional Chinese herb most often marketed for low libido and erectile problems, but solid human evidence...

Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the risk of bleeding.

What it is: Horse chestnut seed extract is most often used for chronic venous insufficiency, where standardized products may help reduce leg swelling, p...

Horse chestnut may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Hu Zhang (Japanese knotweed root) is a traditional Chinese herb that is one of the richest natural sources of resveratrol and emodin.

Theoretically, hu zhang might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Indian gooseberry (amla) is a vitamin C-rich fruit used in Ayurvedic medicine for many purposes, from antioxidant support to cholesterol and...

Theoretically, Indian gooseberry may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs; however, research is conflicting.

What it is: Indian long pepper (pippali) is a spice long used in Ayurvedic medicine and is best known for its piperine content, which may increase how w...

Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.

What it is: Indian snakeroot is a traditional Ayurvedic plant that contains reserpine, a compound with real blood-pressure-lowering and sedative effects...

Theoretically, taking Indian snakeroot might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.

What it is: Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a compound formed when you eat cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cabbage, and it is sold as a supplement m...

Theoretically, indole-3-carbinol might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.

What it is: Inositol nicotinate is a 'no-flush' form of niacin marketed for cholesterol and circulation.

Theoretically, concomitant use of inositol nicotinate with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.

What it is: Jackfruit is a large tropical fruit that is nutritious and safe to eat as a food, offering fiber, vitamin C, potassium, and antioxidants.

Theoretically, jackfruit latex might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Japanese Apricot (Prunus mume) is a tart fruit used widely in East Asian foods and traditional medicine, often as pickled umeboshi or a conc...

Some constituents of Japanese apricot flower extract might have antiplatelet properties.

What it is: Japanese persimmon is a nutritious fruit rich in fiber, vitamins, and antioxidant plant compounds, and its leaves and calyx are used in trad...

There is concern that Japanese persimmon leaf constituents might potentiate effects of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Jequirity (Abrus precatorius) is a tropical plant whose bright red, black-tipped seeds contain abrin, one of the most toxic plant proteins k...

Evidence from in vitro research suggests that constituents of jequirity beans can inhibit platelet aggregation.

What it is: Jiaogulan is a climbing vine used in traditional Chinese medicine as an adaptogen and for heart, blood sugar, and cholesterol support.

Theoretically, jiaogulan might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Kava is a Pacific Island plant traditionally used to promote relaxation and ease anxiety, and some studies suggest it may help mild anxiety.

Theoretically, using kava with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.

What it is: Khella is a Mediterranean herb whose seeds contain compounds like khellin that may relax smooth muscle in the airways and blood vessels.

Theoretically, concomitant use might result in increased photosensitivity.

What it is: Kinetin is a plant growth hormone (a cytokinin) used mainly in topical anti-aging and skincare products, not as an oral dietary supplement.

In vitro research suggests that kinetin inhibits human platelet aggregation and activation.

What it is: Kiwi is a nutritious fruit that is rich in vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants, and it is generally safe to eat as a food.

Clinical research suggests that kiwi inhibits platelet aggregation.

What it is: Krill oil is a source of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) bound to phospholipids, which may help absorption.

Theoretically, krill oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Kudzu is a fast-growing vine whose root has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine and is now studied mostly for reducing alcohol in...

Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.

What it is: L-arginine is an amino acid that the body uses to make nitric oxide, a substance that helps blood vessels relax and widen.

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.

What it is: Licorice root is a traditional remedy used for sore throats, coughs, and digestive complaints, but solid human evidence is limited for most...

Theoretically, licorice might decrease the absorption of P-glycoprotein substrates.

What it is: Ligandrol (LGD-4033) is a synthetic selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), not a natural herb or approved dietary supplement.

Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.

What it is: Light therapy uses controlled exposure to bright artificial light and is best supported for seasonal affective disorder, where it is a recog...

Light therapy may increase the risk for photosensitization.

What it is: Lily-of-the-valley is a poisonous plant that contains powerful heart-affecting compounds called cardiac glycosides, similar to the drug digo...

Theoretically, using lily-of-the-valley with tetracycline antibiotics might increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.

What it is: Lime is a common citrus fruit and a good natural source of vitamin C and plant antioxidants.

Theoretically, concomitant use of lime oil with photosensitizing drugs may increase the risk of phototoxicity.

What it is: Lion's mane is an edible mushroom that is popular as a 'nootropic' for memory, focus, and nerve health, but solid human evidence is still li...

Theoretically, lion's mane mushroom may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Lotus is an edible aquatic plant used in food and traditional medicine across Asia, with parts like the seeds, leaves, and flowers taken for...

Theoretically, concurrent use of lotus with other antiplatelet drugs might reduce platelet aggregation and increase the risk of bleeding.

What it is: Lycopene is a red plant pigment and antioxidant found mainly in tomatoes and other red fruits.

Theoretically, taking lycopene with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.

What it is: Magnolia bark and flower buds have a long history in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine, often for stress, sleep, and digestion.

Theoretically, magnolia might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Manchurian Thorn (Aralia elata) is a thorny shrub or small tree used in traditional East Asian medicine, mainly for blood sugar, joint pain,...

Animal research suggests that high doses of Manchurian thorn can induce liver damage.

What it is: Mangosteen is a tropical fruit whose rind is rich in plant compounds called xanthones that act as antioxidants.

Theoretically, concomitant use of mangosteen with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs may increase the risk of bleeding.

What it is: Maral Root (Rhaponticum carthamoides) is a Siberian herb used as an 'adaptogen' and is popular among athletes for stamina and muscle buildin...

In vitro research shows that maral root tincture can reduce platelet aggregation.

What it is: Maritime pine bark extract (often sold as Pycnogenol) is a plant-based antioxidant most studied for circulation, vein, and skin health.

Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.

What it is: Marjoram is a Mediterranean kitchen herb related to oregano that is widely used in food and traditional medicine for digestive, sleep, and r...

In vitro research suggests that marjoram extract inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion.

What it is: Melatonin is a hormone your body makes naturally to help control your sleep-wake cycle, and the supplement form is widely used to help with...

Theoretically, melatonin may have anticoagulant effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Mesoglycan is a blend of natural sugar-protein compounds (glycosaminoglycans, including heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate) taken from ani...

Theoretically, combined use might increase bleeding risk.

What it is: Methoxylated flavones (often called polymethoxyflavones) are a group of plant compounds, found mainly in citrus peel, that include substance...

In vitro evidence shows that some methoxylated flavones including tangeretin, nobiletin, and heptamethoxyflavone, inhibit P-glycoprotein.

What it is: Moringa is a nutrient-rich plant whose leaves are widely used as a food and supplement, especially in parts of the world where malnutrition...

Theoretically, moringa leaf extract might increase the levels and clinical effects of P-glycoprotein substrates.

What it is: Mountain ash (rowan) is a northern-hemisphere tree whose bright red berries are traditionally cooked into jams, syrups, and teas.

Taking large amounts of fresh mountain ash berries may cause kidney damage due to its parasorbic acid constituent.

What it is: N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a supplement form of the amino acid cysteine and a building block for the antioxidant glutathione.

Theoretically, N-acetyl cysteine might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Nattokinase is an enzyme from the fermented soybean food natto that may have mild blood-thinning and blood-flow effects.

Nattokinase might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Neem is a tree from India used for centuries in traditional medicine, especially for skin, dental, and antimicrobial purposes.

Theoretically, neem leaf extract might increase the levels and clinical effects of P-glycoprotein substrates.

What it is: Niacin (vitamin B3) is an essential nutrient your body needs for energy and metabolism, and deficiency is uncommon in most developed countri...

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

What it is: Noni is a tropical fruit used widely in folk medicine and sold mostly as a juice or supplement, but solid human evidence for its many claime...

Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.

What it is: Octacosanol is a waxy long-chain alcohol from plant sources that is most often promoted for exercise endurance and cholesterol support, but...

Theoretically, octacosanol might inhibit platelet aggregation; however, clinical research suggests that this effect may not be clinically significant.

What it is: Onion is a common food with a long history in traditional medicine, and it contains antioxidants like quercetin and sulfur compounds.

Theoretically, concomitant use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs with onion might increase the risk of bleeding.

What it is: Oolong tea is a traditional partially oxidized tea made from the same plant as green and black tea, and it provides caffeine and plant antio...

Theoretically, oolong tea might increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Oregano is a common Mediterranean cooking herb that is also sold as a concentrated oil or supplement, often standardized for a compound call...

Theoretically, oregano might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Oregon grape is a shrub whose root contains berberine and related compounds.

Theoretically, Oregon grape might increase serum levels of drugs that are P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.

What it is: Ostarine (also called MK-2866 or enobosarm) is an experimental, unapproved drug known as a SARM (selective androgen receptor modulator), not...

Theoretically, concomitant use with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of adverse hepatotoxic effects.

What it is: Padang Cassia is a type of cinnamon (Indonesian or Korintje cinnamon) grown mainly in Indonesia and used widely as a kitchen spice.

There is some concern that ingesting large amounts of Padang cassia might cause hepatotoxicity in some people.

What it is: Palm oil is a widely used edible oil pressed from the fruit of the oil palm tree, and red palm oil is a notable source of vitamin A and vita...

Theoretically, palm oil might decrease the effectiveness of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.

What it is: Pantethine is a derivative of vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) that some studies suggest may modestly lower cholesterol and triglycerides.

Theoretically, pantethine might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Parsley is a popular culinary herb that is safe to eat in normal food amounts and is a good source of vitamins K and C.

Theoretically, parsley might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Pau d'arco is a South American tree bark traditionally used for infections and inflammation, and it contains compounds like lapachol that sh...

Theoretically, pau d'arco might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Pectin is a natural soluble fiber found in fruits like apples and citrus, and it is widely used in foods and as a fiber supplement.

Theoretically, pectin might reduce the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics, potentially decreasing their effectiveness.

What it is: Peony root is a traditional Chinese medicine herb often used for menstrual problems, cramps, and inflammation, frequently as part of combina...

Theoretically, combining peony with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.

What it is: Pheasant's Eye (Adonis vernalis) is a toxic plant that contains heart-acting compounds similar to those in foxglove.

Theoretically, taking pheasant's eye with tetracycline antibiotics might increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.

What it is: Phellodendron is a traditional Chinese medicine bark (Huang Bai) that contains berberine and other plant compounds with antimicrobial and an...

Theoretically, phellodendron might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Plums and their dried form (prunes) are common, nutritious foods that are best known for helping relieve constipation thanks to their fiber...

Theoretically, plum juice might have antiplatelet effects.

What it is: Policosanol is a mix of waxy alcohols (mostly octacosanol) made from sugar cane or other plant waxes, and it is often marketed as a natural...

Theoretically, taking policosanol with other antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.

What it is: Propolis is a natural, resin-like substance made by bees that has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties in lab studies.

Theoretically, propolis might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.

What it is: Pu-erh tea is a fermented, aged form of tea made from the same plant as green and black tea.

Theoretically, pu-erh tea may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Puravive is a branded, multi-ingredient capsule marketed mainly for weight loss by claiming to boost brown fat activity, but there is no pub...

Puravive, a dietary supplement, contains several ingredients that may interact with anticoagulant drugs due to their potential mild anticoagulant effects.

What it is: Purple nut sedge (Cyperus rotundus) is a common weed whose tubers have a long history in Ayurvedic, Chinese, and other traditional medicine...

In vitro, purple nut sedge inhibits platelet aggregation.

What it is: Quercetin is a plant flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties found in many common foods and sold as a supplement.

Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of P-glycoprotein substrates.

What it is: Rabdosia rubescens is a Chinese herb traditionally used for sore throats, inflammation, and infections, and its compound oridonin has drawn...

Rabdosia rubescens might increase levels of p-glycoprotein substrates.

What it is: Rauwolscine (alpha-yohimbine) is a stimulant alkaloid closely related to yohimbine that is marketed mainly in fat-burning and pre-workout su...

Theoretically, rauwolscine may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Red raspberry leaf is a traditional herbal remedy most often used as a tea in late pregnancy and for menstrual discomfort, but solid scienti...

Theoretically, taking red raspberry leaf with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.

What it is: Red yeast rice contains monacolin K, which is chemically identical to the prescription statin lovastatin, and it can lower LDL ('bad') chole...

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk of liver damage.

What it is: Reishi is a traditional Asian mushroom widely used to support the immune system and overall wellness.

Theoretically, high doses of reishi mushroom might increase the risk of bleeding.

What it is: Resveratrol is a plant compound found in red grapes, berries, and peanuts that is popular for heart health, anti-aging, and antioxidant supp...

Resveratrol may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Rhodiola is an herb traditionally used to fight fatigue and help the body cope with stress.

Theoretically, rhodiola might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.

What it is: Rhubarb root has a long history of use as a laxative and in traditional Chinese medicine, and its edible stalks are a common food.

Theoretically, long-term use of anthraquinones from rhubarb might increase the risk of nephrotoxicity when used with nephrotoxic drugs.

What it is: Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an essential nutrient your body needs to turn food into energy and to keep skin, eyes, and nerves healthy.

Theoretically, taking riboflavin with tetracycline antibiotics may decrease the potency of these antibiotics.

What it is: Rose hip is the vitamin C–rich fruit of the wild rose, used traditionally for colds and joint pain.

Theoretically, rose hip might reduce the effectiveness of anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Rosemary is a fragrant Mediterranean herb that is safe and flavorful in normal food amounts.

Theoretically, rosemary may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Rue is a strong-smelling herb from southern Europe with a long history in folk medicine, but there is very little reliable human research to...

Theoretically, rue might increase the risk for phototoxicity when used with photosensitizing drugs.

What it is: Safflower is a thistle-like plant used mainly for its seed oil (a common cooking oil) and its colorful flowers.

High doses of safflower oil might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Sage is a common kitchen herb that is generally safe in food amounts and is traditionally used for sore throats, digestion, sweating, and me...

Theoretically, sage might increase levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.

What it is: Saigon cinnamon is a flavorful spice from a Cinnamomum tree grown mainly in Vietnam, and it is a type of 'cassia' cinnamon.

Theoretically, Saigon cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.

What it is: Saw palmetto is a plant extract most often used for urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate (BPH).

Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Schisandra is a traditional Chinese medicine berry used as an adaptogen for stress, fatigue, and liver support.

Schisandra might increase the levels and clinical effects of P-glycoprotein substrates.

What it is: Sea buckthorn is a berry-bearing shrub rich in vitamins, carotenoids, and fatty acids that people use for skin, eye, digestive, and heart he...

Theoretically, sea buckthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Selenium is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for thyroid function, antioxidant defense, and immune health.

Selenium may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Serrapeptase is an enzyme marketed to reduce inflammation, swelling, pain, and mucus, but the human evidence is limited and mostly low quali...

Theoretically, taking serrapeptase with drugs that have antiplatelet or anticoagulant effects might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.

What it is: Slippery elm is a traditional herbal remedy made from the inner bark of a North American elm tree, used mainly to soothe sore throats and ir...

Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.

What it is: Sorrel is a tangy, leafy herb used in cooking and traditional medicine, often for congestion, digestion, and inflammation.

Theoretically, sorrel might cause additive effects and side effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Spearmint is a common culinary mint that is generally safe in food and tea amounts.

Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.

What it is: Squill is a bulb plant that contains potent cardiac glycosides, which can affect the heart much like the drug digoxin.

Tetracycline antibiotics appear to increase the gastrointestinal absorption of oral digoxin.

What it is: Star of Bethlehem is a small flowering plant best known as one of the ingredients in Bach flower remedies, where it is used for emotional sh...

Theoretically, taking tetracycline antibiotics with star of Bethlehem might increase the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.

What it is: Strawberry is a popular, nutrient-rich fruit that supplies vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidant plant compounds.

In vitro research suggests that strawberry extract can inhibit p-glycoprotein efflux.

What it is: Summer savory is a common kitchen herb that has long been used as a tea or remedy for digestive complaints and minor infections.

In vitro research suggests that summer savory extract inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion.

What it is: Swallowroot (Decalepis hamiltonii) is a root used in South Indian folk medicine and as a food flavoring, often pickled or made into a coolin...

Theoretically, swallowroot might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Swamp Milkweed is a native North American wetland plant best known today as a butterfly and pollinator garden plant, not a proven medicine.

Theoretically, tetracycline antibiotics might increase the risk of toxicity from cardioactive steroids in swamp milkweed.

What it is: Sweet Annie (Artemisia annua) is the source of artemisinin, a compound used in prescription antimalarial drugs.

Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.

What it is: Sweet clover is a traditional European herb most often promoted for vein problems and leg swelling, but high-quality human evidence is limit...

Theoretically, concomitant use of sweet clover with hepatoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

What it is: Sweet orange is a common citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants, and is enjoyed as a food worldwide.

Sweet orange juice seems to modulate P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which might affect the blood levels of P-gp substrates.

What it is: Sweet Vernal Grass is a fragrant European meadow grass best known for the sweet, hay-like smell it gets from coumarin.

Hay prepared from dried sweet vernal grass contains an anticoagulant, dicoumarol, which has been associated with fatal hemorrhages in animals.

What it is: Syrian Rue (Peganum harmala) is a traditional plant whose seeds contain potent compounds called harmala alkaloids, including MAO-inhibiting...

Theoretically, high doses of Syrian rue might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.

What it is: Tarragon is a flavorful culinary herb that has been used in traditional medicine for digestion, sleep, and other complaints, but solid human...

Evidence from in vitro research suggests that tarragon extract inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion.

What it is: Terminalia is a group of traditional Ayurvedic tree species (most notably Terminalia arjuna) used for heart, digestive, and general wellness...

Theoretically, concomitant use of Terminalia arjuna with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs may increase the risk of bleeding in some patients.

What it is: Testolone (RAD-140) is a synthetic experimental drug called a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), not a dietary supplement or herb...

Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.

What it is: Thyme is a common kitchen herb that has long been used for coughs, sore throats, and digestive complaints.

Theoretically, thyme leaf extract might have additive effects with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Tiratricol (also called TRIAC) is a powerful synthetic thyroid hormone metabolite, not a natural herb, and it has been illegally added to so...

Theoretically, tiratricol might increase the hypoprothrombinemic effects of oral anticoagulants.

What it is: Tragacanth is a plant gum used mainly as a thickener and emulsifier in foods, cosmetics, and medicines, and traditionally to soothe the thro...

Theoretically, tragacanth might alter absorption of oral drugs.

What it is: Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is a fast-growing, invasive tree whose bark has been used in traditional medicine, mostly for digestive...

Theoretically, tree of heaven extract might reduce platelet aggregation and increase the risk of bleeding if used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.

What it is: Tree turmeric (Berberis aristata) is a shrub used in traditional Indian (Ayurvedic) medicine, valued mainly for its berberine content.

Theoretically, tree turmeric might have additive effects when used with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs and increase the risk of bleeding.

What it is: Turmeric is a popular spice whose main active compounds, curcuminoids, are studied mostly for inflammation and joint pain.

Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.

What it is: Turpentine oil is a strong-smelling pine resin product used mostly in tiny amounts in topical rubs for muscle aches and congestion.

Some in vitro research shows that alpha-pinene, the major constituent of turpentine oil, does not increase the absorption of chlorpromazine or haloperidol when applied topically.

What it is: Uzara is a traditional African root remedy used mainly for diarrhea and stomach cramps.

Theoretically, concomitant use may increase risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.

What it is: Vanadium is a trace mineral found in tiny amounts in food, and people get plenty from a normal diet.

Theoretically, vanadium might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Vinpocetine is a lab-made compound based on a chemical from the periwinkle plant, and it is marketed mainly for memory and brain health.

Vinpocetine might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth.

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

What it is: Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that most people get in adequate amounts from a normal diet.

Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.

What it is: Wahoo is a North American shrub historically used as a laxative and 'liver tonic,' but it is a poisonous plant with no proven benefit and a...

Theoretically, concomitant use may increase risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity.

What it is: Wasabi is best known as the pungent green condiment served with sushi, made from a Japanese plant in the cabbage family.

Theoretically, wasabi might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: White pepper comes from the same plant as black pepper and is mostly used as a kitchen spice.

Theoretically, white pepper might increase levels of p-glycoprotein substrates.

What it is: Yerba mate is a caffeine-containing herbal beverage from South America that is widely enjoyed for its stimulating, coffee-like effects.

Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Arnica is a daisy-family plant used mainly in topical and homeopathic products for bruising, muscle soreness, and pain.

Theoretically, arnica might have additive effects with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Blue-green algae are nutrient-rich aquatic microorganisms (such as spirulina and Klamath Lake algae) taken as a supplement for energy, nutri...

Theoretically, spirulina blue-green algae might increase the risk of bleeding if used with other anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Chinese Prickly Ash is the fruit husk of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, best known as the Sichuan pepper that creates a tingling, numbing sensation...

Chinese prickly ash might inhibit platelet aggregation.

What it is: Coffee is a widely consumed beverage made from roasted coffee beans, valued mainly for its caffeine, which boosts alertness and energy.

Theoretically, coffee may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Cola nut is a caffeine-containing seed from West Africa used mainly as a natural stimulant for energy and alertness.

Theoretically, cola nut may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: DHA is an omega-3 fatty acid found in fatty fish and algae that is a building block for the brain, nervous system, and eyes.

Theoretically, DHA may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Fenugreek is a common kitchen spice that is also taken as a supplement, mainly for blood sugar, cholesterol, and to support breast milk prod...

Theoretically, fenugreek might have additive effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Forsythia is a traditional Chinese herb, used mainly for cold and flu symptoms and as part of multi-herb formulas.

Theoretically, taking forsythia with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding due to decreased platelet aggregation.

What it is: Green coffee is the unroasted bean of the coffee plant, prized for its high chlorogenic acid content.

Theoretically, green coffee may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Ilex guayusa is a caffeine-containing holly leaf from the Amazon, traditionally brewed as a tea for energy and alertness, much like yerba ma...

Theoretically, Ilex guayusa may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: IP-6 (inositol hexaphosphate, also called phytic acid or phytate) is a natural compound found in high-fiber plant foods and sold as a supple...

Theoretically, concomitant use of IP-6 with drugs that affect platelet aggregation may increase the risk of bleeding.

What it is: Niacinamide (also called nicotinamide) is a form of vitamin B3 used in supplements and skin-care products.

Theoretically, niacinamide may have additive effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs, especially in patients on hemodialysis.

What it is: Panax ginseng is a popular traditional herb used to boost energy, ease stress, and support overall wellness, though scientific evidence is m...

Although Panax ginseng has shown antiplatelet effects in the laboratory, it is unlikely to increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Sweet woodruff is a fragrant European herb traditionally used for digestion, calming, and various other complaints, but solid human evidence...

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects of some anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs and increase the risk of bleeding.

What it is: Thyroid extract supplements are made from dried animal thyroid gland and may contain real thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), but the amounts in o...

Food and medications can interfere with thyroid hormone absorption.

What it is: Agar is a plant-based gel made from red seaweed that is widely used as a vegetarian alternative to gelatin and as a source of dietary fiber.

Agar forms a thick gel, which may disrupt the absorption of nutrients and medications.

What it is: Alchemilla (lady's mantle) is a European herb traditionally used for digestive complaints, women's health issues, and as an astringent for s...

While no side effects have been reported from orally using Alchemilla, a clinical study titled "Treatment of Aphthous Stomatitis with Topical Alchemilla vulgaris in Glycerine," published in Clinical Drug Investigation (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17163290/), found that local mouth irritation occurred after applying a commercial product containing 3% alchemilla extract and glycerol (Aphtarine, Laboratoires Biosphere).

What it is: Algin (alginate) is a fiber-like substance from brown seaweed that is widely used as a thickener, gel, and binder in foods and medicines.

Theoretically, algin can alter the absorption of oral drugs.

What it is: Black psyllium is a soluble-fiber supplement made from the seeds of a Plantago plant, used mostly to ease constipation and support digestive...

Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.

What it is: Blond psyllium is a soluble fiber from the seed husks of Plantago ovata, and it is one of the better-studied fiber supplements.

Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.

What it is: Carob is a Mediterranean tree whose pods are widely used as a caffeine-free, naturally sweet cocoa alternative and as a thickener (carob gum...

Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.

What it is: Devil's claw is a southern African plant used mainly for arthritis and back pain, and some studies suggest it may help ease these types of d...

Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.

What it is: Fever bark is the bark of the Australian tree Alstonia constricta, used in traditional medicine for fever, diarrhea, and infections.

Theoretically, combining fever bark with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might have additive effects; however, this has not been reported in clinical research.

What it is: Grapefruit is a nutritious citrus fruit rich in vitamin C and other nutrients, and it is generally safe to eat.

Grapefruit juice does not seem to affect renal P-glycoprotein (P-gp).

What it is: Hemp seeds and hemp seed oil are nutritious foods rich in protein, fiber, and healthy omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, and they are generall...

Theoretically, hemp seed might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Karaya gum is a natural plant gum from the Sterculia tree that is mostly used as a bulk-forming laxative and as a thickener or adhesive in f...

Co-administration of oral drugs with bulk forming laxatives such as karaya gum may decrease, increase, or have no effect on the absorption of drugs.

What it is: Marshmallow root is a traditional herb rich in soothing, gel-like fibers called mucilage, which is why it has long been used for coughs, sor...

Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.

What it is: Rauvolfia vomitoria is an African shrub whose root contains powerful alkaloids, including reserpine, that have historically been used for hi...

Theoretically, combining Rauvolfia vomitoria with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might have additive effects.

What it is: Sesame is a nutritious seed and oil widely used in cooking and traditional medicine, and it provides healthy fats, fiber, and antioxidant co...

Theoretically, sesame might alter the transport of P-glycoprotein substrates.

What it is: Soy is a nutritious bean that is a staple food and a popular source of plant protein and isoflavones.

Theoretically, antibiotics may decrease the activity of soy isoflavones.

What it is: Uva ursi is a traditional herb used mainly for urinary tract infections, and its leaves contain a compound called arbutin that may have anti...

Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.

What it is: Xanthan gum is a fermentation-made fiber widely used to thicken and stabilize foods and to thicken liquids for people with swallowing diffic...

Theoretically, xanthan gum can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber qualities.

What it is: Yohimbe is a West African tree bark that contains yohimbine, a compound mainly promoted for erectile dysfunction and as an aphrodisiac.

Theoretically, combining yohimbe bark with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might have additive effects; however, this has not been reported in clinical research.

What it is: Algal oil is a plant-based source of the omega-3 fats DHA and (in some products) EPA, making it a popular alternative to fish oil for vegeta...

Theoretically, algal oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Asian water plantain (Ze Xie) is a rhizome long used in traditional Chinese medicine, mainly as a diuretic and for fluid retention.

Studies on animals have shown that Asian water plantain extract, which contains triterpenoids, is generally safe at doses up to 1440 mg/kg orally daily and does not cause harm to the body.

What it is: Clove is a common cooking spice that is also used in traditional medicine, especially as a topical numbing agent for tooth pain thanks to it...

Theoretically, clove oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Fish oil provides omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) that are best known for lowering high triglyceride levels.

Fish oil may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

What it is: Fucus vesiculosus (bladderwrack) is a brown seaweed rich in iodine that has been used traditionally for thyroid concerns, weight, and skin.

Theoretically, taking Fucus vesiculosus with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.

What it is: Honey is a natural food with some real, modest evidence for easing coughs and helping certain wounds, especially when special medical-grade...

Theoretically, honey may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.