intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Drucker Labs
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor is a dietary supplement by Drucker Labs with 314 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for muscle recovery and sports performance, gut health and 'leaky gut', recovery from severe illness or injury.Based on those ingredients, 2,401 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Marshmallow extract, Acacia, Glucomannan. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor by Drucker Labs
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor by Drucker Labs — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor by Drucker Labs
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
intraMAX 2.0 contains 313 ingredients, with active amino acids (including glutamine, glycine, leucine, arginine, alanine, isoleucine, methionine, citrulline, tyrosine, phenylalanine, valine, proline, aspartic acid, histidine, threonine, and glutamic acid) making up a significant portion. The formula also includes vitamins—riboflavin, biotin, vitamin C, and pantothenic acid—and minerals or other actives like creatine monohydrate and choline.
Inactive ingredients include water, fructose (sweetener), natural peach and mango flavors, glycerine, potassium sorbate (preservative), Luo Han Guo fruit extract, and stevia leaf extract.
Does it work?
Strong evidence
The effectiveness data in our records cover only a handful of these ingredients. L-glutamine is rated Effective for sickle cell disease and Possibly Effective for HIV/AIDS-related wasting, postoperative recovery, and critical illness.
L-tyrosine is Effective for phenylketonuria (PKU) and Possibly Effective for cognitive function and memory. Creatine is Possibly Effective for muscle strength, athletic performance, and sarcopenia.
Vitamin C is Effective for vitamin C deficiency and Possibly Effective for several conditions including anemia and cataracts. Biotin is Likely Effective for biotin deficiency.
For most of the other active ingredients in this product, the evidence in our data is rated Insufficient or shows Possibly Ineffective for specific conditions; efficacy for general wellness or the supplement's overall purpose is not established in the data we hold.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
L-glutamine is generally well tolerated in healthy adults but requires medical supervision if you have kidney or liver disease; common side effects include gastrointestinal upset (bloating, nausea, diarrhea), headache, and dizziness. L-arginine is often well tolerated short-term but can lower blood pressure and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, diarrhea, headache, insomnia, and flushing.
Creatine is generally well tolerated but can cause dehydration, diarrhea, muscle cramps, and water retention; those with kidney problems should be cautious. Vitamin C at typical doses is safe, though high doses can cause abdominal cramps, heartburn, diarrhea, nausea, and kidney stones in susceptible people.
L-phenylalanine, riboflavin, biotin, and pantothenic acid are generally well tolerated at standard doses. Most other ingredients have limited adverse-effect data or show gastrointestinal side effects (nausea, heartburn, gas, constipation) at higher doses.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding safety varies by ingredient: L-glutamine is rated Likely Safe; L-tyrosine, L-citrulline, L-phenylalanine, creatine, and glycine lack sufficient data or are advised against; riboflavin, biotin, pantothenic acid, and choline are Likely Safe; vitamin C is Likely Safe at normal amounts but Possibly Unsafe at high doses. Talk to your healthcare provider before use if you are pregnant or nursing.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Before taking intraMAX 2.0, check with your pharmacist if you take levodopa (Parkinson's disease), anticonvulsants (seizure medications), blood pressure drugs—especially ACE inhibitors like lisinopril or ARBs like losartan—blood thinners including warfarin or antiplatelet agents, diabetes medications, potassium-sparing diuretics, erectile dysfunction drugs like sildenafil, chemotherapy drugs, thyroid hormone replacement, tetracycline antibiotics, or atropine. The product contains amino acids and vitamins with documented interactions affecting these and many other drug classes; use the medication search tool on this page to verify your specific medications.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This is a comprehensive amino-acid and micronutrient formula with solid data supporting glutamine, tyrosine, creatine, and vitamin C for specific purposes like PKU, muscle performance, and deficiency correction. However, because it contains 313 ingredients with documented interactions spanning over 2,000 medications, it is not suitable for most people taking prescription drugs without careful checking first.
If you take any blood pressure medication, blood thinner, diabetes drug, thyroid medication, seizure medication, or psychiatric medication, run this product and your exact prescriptions through the checker below before starting. Talk to your pharmacist to make sure it's right for your situation.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 234 of 313 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Sep 25, 2020.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Drucker Labs |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 819246001043 |
| Net contents | 32 fl. Oz.; 946 mL |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Sep 25, 2020 |
| DSLD ID | 236722 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor by Drucker Labs, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
Other ingredients: Proprietary Double Reverse Osmosis Water, Fructose, natural Peach flavor, natural Mango flavor, Glycerine, Potassium Sorbate, Luo Han Guo fruit extract, Stevia leaf extract
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation
Made in USA
Created from the finest and purest ingredients obtainable.
All-in-one complete liquid nutrition
Non GMO Gluten-free
Hypo-allergenic
Vegetarian
Due to the quantity of natural ingredients, variations in consistency, color, flavor, sediment, carbon, oxygen, and fulvic acid may exist per lot.
Free of: Wheat; gluten; yeast; dairy; soy; tree nuts; shellfish. Also free of: Antibiotics, (drugs); artificial colors; caffeine; cholesterol; coatings; eggs; fat; fillers; fish; fish oil; chemicals; herbicides; milk; peanuts; pesticides; salicylates; soybeans.
General Statements
We would love to hear from you.
New!
100% Satisfaction Guaranteed
Storage
Shake well and refrigerate after opening
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Shake well and refrigerate after opening Directions for Use: 1 fl oz. per day followed with plenty of non-chlorinated, filtered water or as directed by your health care practitioner.
Precautions
Children under 4 years: Consult your health care practitioner.
If you are pregnant, nursing, or using prescription drugs, consult your health care practitioner before use. Do not take within 2 hours of pharmaceuticals, over-the-counter drugs, or other dietary supplement.
Do not use if tamper-evident seal is either broken or missing.
Keep out of reach of children.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Seals/Symbols
Made in the USA
Formula
100% Carbon-bond nutrition microcomplexes
Over 415 essential ingredients naturally rich in carbon, oxygen, and fulvic acid
Carbon-bound trace minerals (full spectrum, plant-derived) Plus vitamins, macro-minerals, vegetables, super green foods, fruits, amino acids, essential fatty acids, aloe vera, noni prebiotics, antioxidants, digestive enzymes, fibers, electrolytes, herbs, sprouts, phytonutrients Improved peach mango flavor Methylated b-vitamins
The naturally occurring organically-bound trace minerals (full spectrum, plant-derived) and elements may include trace quantities of: beryllium; boron; bromine; calcium; chlorine; chromium; cobalt; copper; europium; gadolinium; gallium; gold; hafnium; iron; krypton; magnesium; manganese; molybdenum; neodymium; nickel; niobium; oxygen; phosphorous; potassium; praseodymium; rubidium; ruthenium; selenium; silicon; sodium; strontium; sulfur; tantalum; thulium; titanium; tungsten; vanadium; yttrium; zinc; zirconium.
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor by Drucker Labs label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor by Drucker Labs
These are the 314 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 fl. Oz. Dosage formLiquid Servings per container32 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
L-Glutamine
Interacts with50 drugs
Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is usually made in your muscles. A prescription form is FDA-approved to help reduce sickle c...
L-Glutamine monograph & interactionsSugar
Citric Acid
No knowninteractions
Citric acid is a natural acid found in citrus fruits and is widely used as a safe food additive, flavoring, and preservative. In medicine, citrate for...
Citric Acid monograph & interactionsGlycine
Interacts with1 drug
Glycine is a non-essential amino acid your body makes on its own and that also appears in protein-rich foods. It is most studied for improving sleep q...
Glycine monograph & interactionsL-Leucine
L-Arginine
Interacts with403 drugs
L-arginine is an amino acid that the body uses to make nitric oxide, a substance that helps blood vessels relax and widen. It is popularly used for bl...
L-Arginine monograph & interactionsL-Alanine
No knowninteractions
Alpha-alanine (usually called alanine) is a non-essential amino acid your body can make on its own and that you also get from protein foods. Most peop...
L-Alanine monograph & interactionsRiboflavin
Interacts with20 drugs
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an essential nutrient your body needs to turn food into energy and to keep skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. It is generally...
Riboflavin monograph & interactionsBiotin
No knowninteractions
Biotin (vitamin B7) is a water-soluble vitamin your body needs to turn food into energy and to support healthy hair, skin, and nails. Most people get...
Biotin monograph & interactionsL-Isoleucine
Creatine Monohydrate
No knowninteractions
Creatine is one of the most studied sports supplements, with solid evidence that it can boost strength and performance during short, high-intensity ac...
Creatine Monohydrate monograph & interactionsL-Methionine
No knowninteractions
Methionine is an essential amino acid that your body needs for protein building and many basic chemical reactions. Most people get enough from a norma...
L-Methionine monograph & interactionsL-Citrulline
Interacts with178 drugs
L-citrulline is an amino acid that the body turns into L-arginine to help make nitric oxide, which relaxes blood vessels and may improve blood flow. I...
L-Citrulline monograph & interactionsL-Tyrosine
Interacts with21 drugs
L-tyrosine is an amino acid your body uses to make brain chemicals like dopamine and norepinephrine. Some studies suggest it may help mental performan...
L-Tyrosine monograph & interactionsL-Phenylalanine
Interacts with16 drugs
Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid the body uses to make brain chemicals like dopamine and norepinephrine. Some people take it for mood, vitilig...
L-Phenylalanine monograph & interactionsL-Valine
L-Proline
No knowninteractions
Proline is a non-essential amino acid that your body can make on its own and that you also get from protein-rich foods. It is a key building block of...
L-Proline monograph & interactionsVitamin C
Interacts with207 drugs
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an essential nutrient your body needs but cannot make, so you must get it from food or supplements. It's important for im...
Vitamin C monograph & interactionsL-Aspartic Acid
No knowninteractions
Aspartic acid is a common amino acid your body makes on its own and gets from protein-rich foods, so a true deficiency is rare. D-aspartic acid is hea...
L-Aspartic Acid monograph & interactionsPantothenic Acid
No knowninteractions
Pantothenic acid is vitamin B5, an essential nutrient your body uses to turn food into energy. True deficiency is very rare because it is found in nea...
Pantothenic Acid monograph & interactionsAcacia
Interacts with2,022 drugs
Gum arabic is a soluble dietary fiber from the acacia tree that is widely used as a safe food additive and is sometimes taken as a supplement for dige...
Acacia monograph & interactionsL-Histidine
No knowninteractions
Histidine is an essential amino acid your body needs to build proteins and to make compounds like histamine and carnosine. Most people get enough from...
L-Histidine monograph & interactionsCholine
Interacts with16 drugs
Choline is an essential nutrient your body needs for liver function, brain health, and nerve signaling, and many people get enough from foods like egg...
Choline monograph & interactionsPapain
Interacts with2 drugs
Papain is a protein-digesting enzyme from the papaya plant that is used in digestive supplements and some topical products. While it has clear food an...
Papain monograph & interactionsL-Glutamic Acid
L-Threonine
Interacts with3 drugs
Threonine is an essential amino acid your body needs but cannot make, so you must get it from food or supplements. Most people get plenty from a norma...
L-Threonine monograph & interactionsL-Theanine
Interacts with565 drugs
Theanine (usually L-theanine) is an amino acid found naturally in tea leaves that many people take to feel calmer and less stressed without strong dro...
L-Theanine monograph & interactionsVitamin D
Interacts with715 drugs
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and is important for healthy bones, muscles, and immune function. Many people,...
Vitamin D monograph & interactionsN-Acetyl L-Tyrosine
L-Ornithine
No knowninteractions
Ornithine is a non-essential amino acid your body makes naturally as part of the urea cycle, which helps remove ammonia. It is sold as a supplement fo...
L-Ornithine monograph & interactionsBromelain
Interacts with141 drugs
Bromelain is a group of protein-digesting enzymes from pineapple that people take mainly for inflammation, swelling, and sinus problems. Some early st...
Bromelain monograph & interactionsBee Pollen
Interacts with2 drugs
Bee pollen is a nutrient-rich product collected by bees and marketed as a 'superfood' for energy and immune support, but solid human evidence for most...
Bee Pollen monograph & interactionsNoni
Interacts with542 drugs
Noni is a tropical fruit used widely in folk medicine and sold mostly as a juice or supplement, but solid human evidence for its many claimed benefits...
Noni monograph & interactionsLipase
No knowninteractions
Lipase is a digestive enzyme that helps your body break down dietary fats. It is well established as part of prescription pancreatic enzyme therapy fo...
Lipase monograph & interactionsAlpha-Glucan Oligosaccharide
L-Lysine
Interacts with1 drug
Lysine is an essential amino acid your body cannot make on its own, so it must come from food or supplements. People most often take extra lysine to t...
L-Lysine monograph & interactionsL-Serine
No knowninteractions
Serine is an amino acid your body can make on its own and also gets from protein-rich foods, so most people do not need a supplement. L-serine has bee...
L-Serine monograph & interactionsVitamin B12
Interacts with20 drugs
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential nutrient your body needs to make red blood cells, keep nerves healthy, and support DNA. Supplements are very h...
Vitamin B12 monograph & interactionsLactase
No knowninteractions
Lactase is a digestive enzyme supplement that helps people who lack enough natural lactase break down lactose, the sugar in milk and dairy. It can red...
Lactase monograph & interactionsFructooligosaccharides
No knowninteractions
Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are a type of soluble fiber that acts as a prebiotic, meaning they feed the helpful bacteria in your gut. They are gener...
Fructooligosaccharides monograph & interactionsL-Taurine
Interacts with173 drugs
Taurine is an amino acid your body makes naturally and that you also get from animal foods. It is widely used in energy drinks and sports supplements,...
L-Taurine monograph & interactionsGlucosamine Sulfate
Interacts with170 drugs
Glucosamine is a natural compound found in cartilage and joint fluid, and it is one of the most popular supplements for osteoarthritis, especially of...
Glucosamine Sulfate monograph & interactionsBurdock
Interacts with122 drugs
Burdock is a traditional herb most often used for skin problems and as a so-called 'blood purifier,' but high-quality human studies are lacking and mo...
Burdock monograph & interactionsLicorice
Interacts with1,040 drugs
Licorice root is a traditional remedy used for sore throats, coughs, and digestive complaints, but solid human evidence is limited for most uses. Regu...
Licorice monograph & interactionsDandelion
Interacts with457 drugs
Dandelion is a common plant used in food and traditional medicine, often promoted as a natural 'water pill' and digestive aid. Human evidence for thes...
Dandelion monograph & interactionsCellulase
Peptidase
Yellow Dock
Interacts with78 drugs
Yellow dock is a traditional herb used mostly as a mild laxative and a digestive and skin tonic. Good-quality human studies are lacking, so its benefi...
Yellow Dock monograph & interactionsGlucomannan
Interacts with2,022 drugs
Glucomannan is a soluble fiber from the konjac root that swells into a gel in your stomach, which may help with mild weight loss, constipation, and mo...
Glucomannan monograph & interactionsGinger
Interacts with1,007 drugs
Ginger is a widely used culinary spice with a long history in traditional medicine, and it has the strongest evidence for helping with nausea and vomi...
Ginger monograph & interactionsRhubarb
Interacts with658 drugs
Rhubarb root has a long history of use as a laxative and in traditional Chinese medicine, and its edible stalks are a common food. Most medicinal clai...
Rhubarb monograph & interactionsGlucoamylase
Alpha-Galactosidase
Ashwagandha extract
Interacts with1,372 drugs
Ashwagandha is an Ayurvedic herb most often taken to help with stress, anxiety, and sleep, and some small studies suggest it may help, though the evid...
Ashwagandha extract monograph & interactionsApple
Interacts with300 drugs
Apples are a nutritious whole food that provides fiber, vitamins, and antioxidant plant compounds, and eating them regularly fits well into a healthy...
Apple monograph & interactionsBlueberry
Interacts with88 drugs
Blueberries are a nutritious fruit rich in antioxidants called anthocyanins, and eating them as part of a balanced diet is healthy and safe for most p...
Blueberry monograph & interactionsLime
Interacts with886 drugs
Lime is a common citrus fruit and a good natural source of vitamin C and plant antioxidants. As a food it is generally safe and enjoyed by most people...
Lime monograph & interactionsMaltase
Grape Seed Extract
Interacts with910 drugs
Grapes and grape products like grape seed extract contain antioxidant compounds such as resveratrol and proanthocyanidins that may support heart and b...
Grape Seed Extract monograph & interactionsL-Cysteine
Interacts with86 drugs
L-cysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid your body uses to make proteins and the antioxidant glutathione. Most people get enough from food, and su...
L-Cysteine monograph & interactionsTurmeric extract
Interacts with1,133 drugs
Turmeric is a popular spice whose main active compounds, curcuminoids, are studied mostly for inflammation and joint pain. Some research is promising,...
Turmeric extract monograph & interactionsKale
No knowninteractions
Kale is a nutrient-dense leafy green vegetable that is rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. Eaten as a normal food it is very healthy...
Kale monograph & interactionsParsley
Interacts with443 drugs
Parsley is a popular culinary herb that is safe to eat in normal food amounts and is a good source of vitamins K and C. It is traditionally used as a...
Parsley monograph & interactionsMethylsulfonylmethane
Molybdenum
No knowninteractions
Molybdenum is an essential trace mineral your body needs in tiny amounts to help certain enzymes work. Most people get enough from a normal diet, so s...
Molybdenum monograph & interactionsFenugreek
Interacts with389 drugs
Fenugreek is a common kitchen spice that is also taken as a supplement, mainly for blood sugar, cholesterol, and to support breast milk production. So...
Fenugreek monograph & interactionsHemicellulase
Fennel
Interacts with740 drugs
Fennel is a Mediterranean herb widely used as a food and spice, and traditionally taken for digestive complaints, colic, and menstrual cramps. Some sm...
Fennel monograph & interactionsPumpkin
Interacts with1 drug
Pumpkin is a nutritious squash, and its seeds and seed oil are the parts most often used as supplements, mainly for urinary and prostate symptoms. The...
Pumpkin monograph & interactionsAcai
Interacts with86 drugs
Acai is a nutritious Amazonian berry rich in antioxidants and healthy fats, and it is fine to enjoy as a food. However, strong human evidence is lacki...
Acai monograph & interactionsCoenzyme Q10
Interacts with198 drugs
CoQ10 is a vitamin-like substance your body makes naturally that helps cells produce energy and acts as an antioxidant. It is generally well tolerated...
Coenzyme Q10 monograph & interactionsPanax ginseng
Interacts with1,130 drugs
Panax ginseng is a popular traditional herb used to boost energy, ease stress, and support overall wellness, though scientific evidence is mixed and m...
Panax ginseng monograph & interactionsBeet
Interacts with861 drugs
Beet, especially beetroot juice, is a nitrate-rich food that may modestly lower blood pressure and slightly improve exercise performance in some peopl...
Beet monograph & interactionsAlfalfa
Interacts with583 drugs
Alfalfa is a nutrient-rich legume that people use for high cholesterol, menopause symptoms, and general wellness, but solid human evidence for most of...
Alfalfa monograph & interactionsWild Yam
Interacts with41 drugs
Wild yam is a root traditionally used for menopausal symptoms, cramps, and as a so-called 'natural' hormone supplement, but solid human evidence for t...
Wild Yam monograph & interactionsFiber
Blackberry
No knowninteractions
Blackberry is a common edible berry that is safe and nutritious as a food, rich in vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidant plant compounds. The leaves and r...
Blackberry monograph & interactionsCranberry
Interacts with712 drugs
Cranberry is best known for helping to prevent repeated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in some people, and the evidence here is moderate but mixed. I...
Cranberry monograph & interactionsPomegranate
Interacts with922 drugs
Pomegranate is a nutrient-rich fruit that is high in antioxidants and is widely enjoyed as food and juice. Early research suggests it may support hear...
Pomegranate monograph & interactionsDong Quai extract
Interacts with163 drugs
Dong Quai is a traditional Chinese herb often called "female ginseng" and is mostly used for menstrual and menopausal complaints. High-quality scienti...
Dong Quai extract monograph & interactionsClove
Interacts with977 drugs
Clove is a common cooking spice that is also used in traditional medicine, especially as a topical numbing agent for tooth pain thanks to its main com...
Clove monograph & interactionsRed Raspberry
Interacts with135 drugs
Red raspberry leaf is a traditional herbal remedy most often used as a tea in late pregnancy and for menstrual discomfort, but solid scientific eviden...
Red Raspberry monograph & interactionsElderberry
Interacts with121 drugs
Elderberry is a popular herbal supplement, mainly taken to help with colds and flu. Some small studies suggest it may modestly shorten cold or flu sym...
Elderberry monograph & interactionsGrape skin extract
Interacts with910 drugs
Grapes and grape products like grape seed extract contain antioxidant compounds such as resveratrol and proanthocyanidins that may support heart and b...
Grape skin extract monograph & interactionsPygeum extract
No knowninteractions
Pygeum is an extract from the bark of the African cherry tree that is most often used to ease urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate. Some st...
Pygeum extract monograph & interactionsMangosteen
Interacts with125 drugs
Mangosteen is a tropical fruit whose rind is rich in plant compounds called xanthones that act as antioxidants. While it is popular in juices and supp...
Mangosteen monograph & interactionsPrune
Interacts with122 drugs
Plums and their dried form (prunes) are common, nutritious foods that are best known for helping relieve constipation thanks to their fiber and sorbit...
Prune monograph & interactionsNiacin
Interacts with727 drugs
Niacin (vitamin B3) is an essential nutrient your body needs for energy and metabolism, and deficiency is uncommon in most developed countries. Prescr...
Niacin monograph & interactionsEnzymes
N-Acetyl L-Cysteine
Interacts with294 drugs
N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a supplement form of the amino acid cysteine and a building block for the antioxidant glutathione. It has well-established...
N-Acetyl L-Cysteine monograph & interactionsParsley
Interacts with443 drugs
Parsley is a popular culinary herb that is safe to eat in normal food amounts and is a good source of vitamins K and C. It is traditionally used as a...
Parsley monograph & interactionsHoly Basil extract
Interacts with212 drugs
Holy basil (tulsi) is a traditional Ayurvedic herb most often used today for stress and general wellness, but the human evidence is mostly small and p...
Holy Basil extract monograph & interactionsEleuthero extract
Interacts with1,140 drugs
Eleuthero is an herb traditionally used as an 'adaptogen' to fight fatigue, boost energy, and help the body handle stress. The scientific evidence beh...
Eleuthero extract monograph & interactionsThyme
Interacts with379 drugs
Thyme is a common kitchen herb that has long been used for coughs, sore throats, and digestive complaints. It is generally safe in the amounts found i...
Thyme monograph & interactionsPABA
Schisandra extract
Interacts with803 drugs
Schisandra is a traditional Chinese medicine berry used as an adaptogen for stress, fatigue, and liver support. Human evidence is limited and most cla...
Schisandra extract monograph & interactionsAstragalus
Interacts with208 drugs
Astragalus is a root used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine, mainly to support the immune system and help the body cope with stress. While...
Astragalus monograph & interactionsTomato
No knowninteractions
Tomato is a common food rich in vitamins, potassium, and the antioxidant lycopene, and eating it as part of a balanced diet is healthy for most people...
Tomato monograph & interactionsMustard
Ginkgo biloba extract
Interacts with1,266 drugs
Ginkgo is one of the world's most popular herbal supplements, mostly taken to support memory and circulation. The evidence for these uses is mixed and...
Ginkgo biloba extract monograph & interactionsFumaric Acid
Milk Thistle extract
Interacts with954 drugs
Milk thistle is a popular herbal supplement most often used for liver health, and its main active component is a group of compounds called silymarin....
Milk Thistle extract monograph & interactionsApricot
No knowninteractions
Apricot is a nutritious fruit that provides fiber, potassium, and vitamins A and C, and it is safe and healthy to eat as part of a normal diet. There...
Apricot monograph & interactionsPear
No knowninteractions
Pear is a common, nutritious fruit that provides fiber, water, vitamin C, and antioxidants, and it is a healthy part of most diets. Beyond its value a...
Pear monograph & interactionsCelery
Interacts with651 drugs
Celery is a common vegetable that is also taken as a seed extract or oil supplement, mainly for blood pressure, fluid retention, and joint discomfort....
Celery monograph & interactionsL-Glutathione
L-Pyroglutamic Acid
Lemon extract
Interacts with1 drug
Lemon is a common citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C and citric acid, and it is widely used in food, drinks, and home remedies. While it...
Lemon extract monograph & interactionsFulvic Acid
Interacts with257 drugs
Fulvic acid is a natural compound formed when plants and microbes break down in soil, and it is sold as a supplement for energy, gut, and overall well...
Fulvic Acid monograph & interactionsPhellodendron extract
Interacts with1,160 drugs
Phellodendron is a traditional Chinese medicine bark (Huang Bai) that contains berberine and other plant compounds with antimicrobial and anti-inflamm...
Phellodendron extract monograph & interactionsMarshmallow extract
Interacts with2,040 drugs
Marshmallow root is a traditional herb rich in soothing, gel-like fibers called mucilage, which is why it has long been used for coughs, sore throats,...
Marshmallow extract monograph & interactionsDL-Phenylalanine
Goji
Interacts with1,000 drugs
Goji berries are a nutritious fruit rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and plant polysaccharides, and they are safe for most people as a food. While they...
Goji monograph & interactionsAlpha-Amylase
Beta-Amylase
Flax
Interacts with597 drugs
Flaxseed is a nutritious food rich in fiber, omega-3 fats (ALA), and plant compounds called lignans. It is most reliably helpful for constipation and...
Flax monograph & interactionsPapaya
Interacts with92 drugs
Papaya is a tropical fruit that is nutritious and generally safe to eat as food, and it contains an enzyme called papain used as a digestive aid and m...
Papaya monograph & interactionsOrange
Interacts with246 drugs
Sweet orange is a common citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants, and is enjoyed as a food worldwide. Its peel and es...
Orange monograph & interactionsNoni extract
Interacts with542 drugs
Noni is a tropical fruit used widely in folk medicine and sold mostly as a juice or supplement, but solid human evidence for its many claimed benefits...
Noni extract monograph & interactionsKudzu extract
Interacts with584 drugs
Kudzu is a fast-growing vine whose root has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine and is now studied mostly for reducing alcohol intake. Earl...
Kudzu extract monograph & interactionsPineapple
Cilantro
Interacts with717 drugs
Coriander (also called cilantro) is a common cooking herb and spice that has long been used in traditional medicine for digestive complaints. As a foo...
Cilantro monograph & interactionsVitamin K
Interacts with2 drugs
Vitamin K is an essential nutrient your body needs for normal blood clotting and to support healthy bones. Most people get enough from food, but suppl...
Vitamin K monograph & interactionsBanana
Interacts with5 drugs
Bananas are a nutritious, widely eaten fruit that provide potassium, fiber, vitamin B6, and quick energy, and they are part of a healthy diet. While s...
Banana monograph & interactionsGrape
Interacts with910 drugs
Grapes and grape products like grape seed extract contain antioxidant compounds such as resveratrol and proanthocyanidins that may support heart and b...
Grape monograph & interactionsTomato extract
No knowninteractions
Tomato is a common food rich in vitamins, potassium, and the antioxidant lycopene, and eating it as part of a balanced diet is healthy for most people...
Tomato extract monograph & interactionsBee Propolis
Interacts with921 drugs
Propolis is a natural, resin-like substance made by bees that has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties in lab studies. Early research sugges...
Bee Propolis monograph & interactionsSucrase
Tangerine
Interacts with643 drugs
Tangerine is a sweet citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C and other nutrients, and is widely enjoyed as food. While the peel and essential...
Tangerine monograph & interactionsGamma-Oryzanol
No knowninteractions
Gamma-oryzanol is a mix of plant compounds taken from rice bran oil, used mainly for cholesterol, menopause symptoms, and as a sports supplement. The...
Gamma-Oryzanol monograph & interactionsBrussels Sprout
Interacts with241 drugs
Brussels sprouts are a nutritious cruciferous vegetable rich in fiber, vitamin C, vitamin K, and plant compounds called glucosinolates. Eating them as...
Brussels Sprout monograph & interactionsAlpha-Ketoglutaric Acid
Black Cherry
Interacts with643 drugs
Wild cherry bark is a traditional cough remedy found in many old-fashioned cough syrups and lozenges, but there is little modern scientific evidence p...
Black Cherry monograph & interactionsTurnip
L-Asparagine
White Willow extract
Non-Essential Amino Acids
Iron
Interacts with80 drugs
Iron is an essential mineral your body needs to make hemoglobin and carry oxygen in the blood. Supplements are mainly useful for treating or preventin...
Iron monograph & interactionsEssential Aminos
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid
Interacts with419 drugs
GABA is a calming chemical messenger (neurotransmitter) that your body makes on its own, and it is sold as a supplement for stress, anxiety, and sleep...
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid monograph & interactionsSelenium
Interacts with321 drugs
Selenium is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for thyroid function, antioxidant defense, and immune health. Most people who...
Selenium monograph & interactionsBilberry extract
Interacts with275 drugs
Bilberry is a blueberry-like fruit rich in antioxidant plant compounds called anthocyanins, and it has a long history of traditional use for eye healt...
Bilberry extract monograph & interactionsKiwi
Interacts with289 drugs
Kiwi is a nutritious fruit that is rich in vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants, and it is generally safe to eat as a food. The strongest evidence is fo...
Kiwi monograph & interactionsCabbage
Interacts with325 drugs
Cabbage is a nutritious, low-calorie vegetable that is safe to eat as food and is sometimes applied to the skin as a leaf wrap for breast engorgement...
Cabbage monograph & interactionsPrebiotic
Echinacea angustifolia
Interacts with816 drugs
Echinacea is a popular herb taken to help prevent or shorten the common cold, but study results are mixed and the overall benefit appears small at bes...
Echinacea angustifolia monograph & interactionsGrapefruit
Interacts with990 drugs
Grapefruit is a nutritious citrus fruit rich in vitamin C and other nutrients, and it is generally safe to eat. However, grapefruit is famous for seri...
Grapefruit monograph & interactionsSweet Potato
Xylo-oligosaccharides
Black Cumin
Interacts with912 drugs
Black seed (Nigella sativa) is a traditional spice and remedy that has been studied for asthma, blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure, with ear...
Black Cumin monograph & interactionsRaisin
Interacts with910 drugs
Grapes and grape products like grape seed extract contain antioxidant compounds such as resveratrol and proanthocyanidins that may support heart and b...
Raisin monograph & interactionsRNA
Oregano extract
Interacts with208 drugs
Oregano is a common Mediterranean cooking herb that is also sold as a concentrated oil or supplement, often standardized for a compound called carvacr...
Oregano extract monograph & interactionsSesame
Interacts with528 drugs
Sesame is a nutritious seed and oil widely used in cooking and traditional medicine, and it provides healthy fats, fiber, and antioxidant compounds ca...
Sesame monograph & interactionsHawthorn extract
Interacts with191 drugs
Hawthorn is a plant traditionally used for heart-related complaints, and some studies suggest it may modestly help symptoms of mild heart failure when...
Hawthorn extract monograph & interactionsClove Essential Oil
Interacts with977 drugs
Clove is a common cooking spice that is also used in traditional medicine, especially as a topical numbing agent for tooth pain thanks to its main com...
Clove Essential Oil monograph & interactionsWhite Tea
Olive extract
No knowninteractions
Olive comes from the same tree that gives us olives and olive oil, and its leaf and fruit contain antioxidant compounds like oleuropein and hydroxytyr...
Olive extract monograph & interactionsAloe vera extract
Interacts with461 drugs
Aloe vera gel is widely used on the skin for minor burns and irritation, and some research suggests it may help. Aloe latex (the yellow part) is a str...
Aloe vera extract monograph & interactionsCat’s Claw
Interacts with962 drugs
Cat's claw is a South American vine traditionally used for inflammation, joint pain, and immune support. Some small studies hint it may help with arth...
Cat’s Claw monograph & interactionsPapaya
Interacts with92 drugs
Papaya is a tropical fruit that is nutritious and generally safe to eat as food, and it contains an enzyme called papain used as a digestive aid and m...
Papaya monograph & interactionsGuar
Inulin
Interacts with86 drugs
Inulin is a type of plant fiber (a prebiotic) found naturally in foods like chicory root, onions, and garlic, and it is widely added to supplements an...
Inulin monograph & interactionsQuinoa
No knowninteractions
Quinoa is a nutritious, gluten-free seed eaten like a grain, rich in protein, fiber, and minerals. It is best thought of as a healthy food rather than...
Quinoa monograph & interactionsSunflower
Eggplant
Grape Seed Oil
Interacts with910 drugs
Grapes and grape products like grape seed extract contain antioxidant compounds such as resveratrol and proanthocyanidins that may support heart and b...
Grape Seed Oil monograph & interactionsCauliflower
Interacts with186 drugs
Cauliflower is a nutritious cruciferous vegetable that provides vitamin C, fiber, and plant compounds called glucosinolates. As a food it is healthy a...
Cauliflower monograph & interactionsSour Cherry
No knowninteractions
Sour cherry (often sold as tart cherry or Montmorency cherry) is a fruit-based supplement rich in antioxidants that people use for muscle recovery, jo...
Sour Cherry monograph & interactionsSlippery Elm extract
Interacts with2,022 drugs
Slippery elm is a traditional herbal remedy made from the inner bark of a North American elm tree, used mainly to soothe sore throats and irritated di...
Slippery Elm extract monograph & interactionsChromium
Interacts with178 drugs
Chromium is an essential trace mineral involved in how the body handles sugar and fat. Some studies suggest it may modestly help blood sugar control i...
Chromium monograph & interactionsPeppermint extract
Interacts with796 drugs
Peppermint is a popular herb with the best evidence supporting enteric-coated peppermint oil for easing IBS symptoms. It is generally well tolerated f...
Peppermint extract monograph & interactionsNettle extract
Interacts with164 drugs
Stinging nettle is a common plant used as food and in traditional medicine, most often for prostate symptoms, allergies, and joint pain. The evidence...
Nettle extract monograph & interactionsDMG
Grapefruit seed extract
Interacts with990 drugs
Grapefruit is a nutritious citrus fruit rich in vitamin C and other nutrients, and it is generally safe to eat. However, grapefruit is famous for seri...
Grapefruit seed extract monograph & interactionsVegetables
Royal Jelly extract
Interacts with174 drugs
Royal jelly is a nutrient-rich substance made by worker bees to feed the queen bee. People take it for menopause symptoms, energy, skin, and immune su...
Royal Jelly extract monograph & interactionsWhite Peony extract
Interacts with811 drugs
Peony root is a traditional Chinese medicine herb often used for menstrual problems, cramps, and inflammation, frequently as part of combination formu...
White Peony extract monograph & interactionsOkra
Interacts with86 drugs
Ambrette (Abelmoschus moschatus) is a fragrant plant best known for its musky seed oil used in perfumes and food flavoring. It has a long history in t...
Okra monograph & interactionsFolate
Chicory extract
Interacts with86 drugs
Chicory is best known as a caffeine-free coffee substitute and as a source of inulin, a soluble prebiotic fiber that may support digestion and regular...
Chicory extract monograph & interactionsGarcinia cambogia extract
Interacts with704 drugs
Garcinia is a tropical fruit whose rind contains hydroxycitric acid (HCA), widely marketed for weight loss and appetite control. The scientific eviden...
Garcinia cambogia extract monograph & interactionsLicorice root extract
Interacts with1,040 drugs
Licorice root is a traditional remedy used for sore throats, coughs, and digestive complaints, but solid human evidence is limited for most uses. Regu...
Licorice root extract monograph & interactionsBeet Fiber
Interacts with861 drugs
Beet, especially beetroot juice, is a nitrate-rich food that may modestly lower blood pressure and slightly improve exercise performance in some peopl...
Beet Fiber monograph & interactionsCinnamon Essential Oil
Interacts with442 drugs
Cassia cinnamon is the common, inexpensive cinnamon used in cooking, and it is also taken as a supplement, most often for blood sugar support. The evi...
Cinnamon Essential Oil monograph & interactionsFennel Essential Oil
Interacts with740 drugs
Fennel is a Mediterranean herb widely used as a food and spice, and traditionally taken for digestive complaints, colic, and menstrual cramps. Some sm...
Fennel Essential Oil monograph & interactionsGinger Essential Oil
Interacts with1,007 drugs
Ginger is a widely used culinary spice with a long history in traditional medicine, and it has the strongest evidence for helping with nausea and vomi...
Ginger Essential Oil monograph & interactionsZucchini
SAMe
Interacts with189 drugs
SAM-e is a compound your body makes naturally that is sold as a supplement, most often for depression and osteoarthritis. Some research suggests it ma...
SAMe monograph & interactionsPomegranate extract
Interacts with922 drugs
Pomegranate is a nutrient-rich fruit that is high in antioxidants and is widely enjoyed as food and juice. Early research suggests it may support hear...
Pomegranate extract monograph & interactionsR-Isomer Alpha Lipoic Acid
Interacts with263 drugs
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is an antioxidant made naturally by the body and found in small amounts in foods. It is most studied for diabetic nerve pain,...
R-Isomer Alpha Lipoic Acid monograph & interactionsPau d'Arco
Interacts with122 drugs
Pau d'arco is a South American tree bark traditionally used for infections and inflammation, and it contains compounds like lapachol that show activit...
Pau d'Arco monograph & interactionsConjugated Linoleic Acid
Seeds, Sprouts, and Fiber
Zeolites
Vitamin A
Interacts with387 drugs
Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplemen...
Vitamin A monograph & interactionsVitamin E
Interacts with764 drugs
Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that most people get in adequate amounts from a normal diet. Supplements can help correc...
Vitamin E monograph & interactionsThiamine
Interacts with3 drugs
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential nutrient your body needs to turn food into energy and to keep your nerves and heart healthy. Most people get eno...
Thiamine monograph & interactionsVitamin B6
Interacts with210 drugs
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that your body needs for metabolism, brain function, and making red blood cells. It is b...
Vitamin B6 monograph & interactionsCalcium
Interacts with168 drugs
Calcium is an essential mineral your body needs for strong bones, nerve signaling, and muscle function, and supplements can help fill gaps when diet f...
Calcium monograph & interactionsIodine
Interacts with7 drugs
Iodine is an essential mineral your body needs to make thyroid hormones, and most people get enough from iodized salt, dairy, and seafood. Supplements...
Iodine monograph & interactionsMagnesium
Interacts with295 drugs
Magnesium is an essential mineral your body needs for muscles, nerves, blood pressure, and many other functions, and supplements are useful for preven...
Magnesium monograph & interactionsZinc
Interacts with67 drugs
Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but suppleme...
Zinc monograph & interactionsManganese
Interacts with83 drugs
Manganese is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for bone formation, metabolism, and antioxidant defense, and most people get...
Manganese monograph & interactionsPotassium
Interacts with62 drugs
Potassium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve signals, muscle function, and a steady heartbeat, and most people get enough from a balanc...
Potassium monograph & interactionsProprietary Carbon-bond Organic Elements and Nutrients Matrix
- › Organically-bound Carbon
Trace Mineral Water Complex
Proprietary Immune and Wellness Support Matrices Natural Phyto Foods and Adaptogens
Essential Fatty Acids, Metabolic, Endocrine, Hormone, Oxygen, Cognition, and Cholesterol Matrix
Omega 3, 6, and 9 Essential Fatty Acids Proprietary Blend
Omega-9 Fatty Acids
Omega-6 Fatty Acids
No knowninteractions
Omega-6 fatty acids are essential fats your body needs but cannot make on its own, and most people get plenty from everyday foods like vegetable oils,...
Omega-6 Fatty Acids monograph & interactionsRhododendron caucasicum extract
Arabinogalactan
Interacts with121 drugs
Larch arabinogalactan is a soluble fiber from larch trees that is mainly used as a prebiotic and for immune support. Early research is interesting but...
Arabinogalactan monograph & interactionsBioflavonoid Complex
Interacts with1,169 drugs
Quercetin is a plant flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties found in many common foods and sold as a supplement. While early rese...
Bioflavonoid Complex monograph & interactionsAmerican Ginseng extract
Interacts with217 drugs
American ginseng is an herbal root used as an 'adaptogen' to support energy, stress, immune function, and blood sugar. Some uses—such as reducing the...
American Ginseng extract monograph & interactionsInositol
Interacts with86 drugs
Inositol is a sugar alcohol made naturally in the body and found in many foods, and it is sold as a supplement (often myo-inositol) mainly for PCOS, m...
Inositol monograph & interactionsRed Palm Oil
Interacts with122 drugs
Palm oil is a widely used edible oil pressed from the fruit of the oil palm tree, and red palm oil is a notable source of vitamin A and vitamin E comp...
Red Palm Oil monograph & interactionsPhytosterol Natural Plant Complex
Chaste Tree extract
Interacts with121 drugs
Vitex (chasteberry) is an herbal remedy most often used for PMS and menstrual cycle problems, and the strongest evidence is for easing some PMS sympto...
Chaste Tree extract monograph & interactionsEpimedium saggittatum extract
Interacts with963 drugs
Horny goat weed (Epimedium) is a traditional Chinese herb most often marketed for low libido and erectile problems, but solid human evidence for these...
Epimedium saggittatum extract monograph & interactionsImmune System Strength, Development, and Response Matrix
Wormwood
Interacts with889 drugs
Sweet Annie (Artemisia annua) is the source of artemisinin, a compound used in prescription antimalarial drugs. While the purified drug is well studie...
Wormwood monograph & interactionsHorehound
Interacts with258 drugs
White horehound is a traditional bitter herb used mainly for coughs, sore throats, and mild digestive complaints, and it is a common flavoring in old-...
Horehound monograph & interactionsBlood, Sinus, Neurological, Cellular, Circulatory, and Gastrointestinal Health Matrix
Barley Grass
Interacts with1 drug
Barley is a nutritious whole grain that is a good source of soluble fiber called beta-glucan, which has solid evidence for modestly lowering LDL ('bad...
Barley Grass monograph & interactionsSheep Sorrel extract
Interacts with169 drugs
Sorrel is a tangy, leafy herb used in cooking and traditional medicine, often for congestion, digestion, and inflammation. Solid human evidence for an...
Sheep Sorrel extract monograph & interactionsRed Raspberry extract
Interacts with135 drugs
Red raspberry leaf is a traditional herbal remedy most often used as a tea in late pregnancy and for menstrual discomfort, but solid scientific eviden...
Red Raspberry extract monograph & interactionsLemon Balm extract
Interacts with264 drugs
Lemon balm is a gentle, lemon-scented mint-family herb traditionally used to ease stress, support sleep, and calm digestion, and topically for cold so...
Lemon Balm extract monograph & interactionsHoneysuckle flower extract
Interacts with122 drugs
Honeysuckle, especially Japanese honeysuckle flower (Lonicera japonica), is a staple of traditional Chinese medicine used mainly for colds, sore throa...
Honeysuckle flower extract monograph & interactionsFatigue, Respiratory, Brain Development, and Neurological Health Matrix
Oat Grass
Interacts with86 drugs
Oats are a well-studied whole grain whose soluble fiber (beta-glucan) can help lower cholesterol and support heart health when eaten regularly. As a f...
Oat Grass monograph & interactionsChlorella
Interacts with337 drugs
Chlorella is a nutrient-rich freshwater green algae taken as a supplement for general wellness, immune support, and 'detox.' Some small studies sugges...
Chlorella monograph & interactionsBeta Glucan 1,3-1,4
Interacts with293 drugs
Beta-glucans are natural fibers found in oats, barley, mushrooms, and yeast. The strongest evidence supports the oat and barley types for modestly low...
Beta Glucan 1,3-1,4 monograph & interactionsTMG
Dulse
Interacts with85 drugs
Dulse is a red seaweed eaten as a food in many coastal cultures and is a natural source of iodine, potassium, protein, and antioxidant compounds. As a...
Dulse monograph & interactionsSaw Palmetto extract
Interacts with174 drugs
Saw palmetto is a plant extract most often used for urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate (BPH). The best research suggests it works no bett...
Saw Palmetto extract monograph & interactionsFeverfew extract
Interacts with929 drugs
Feverfew is a daisy-family herb best known for migraine prevention, where some studies suggest it may modestly lower how often migraines occur, though...
Feverfew extract monograph & interactionsBuchu extract
Interacts with481 drugs
Buchu is a fragrant South African shrub whose leaves are traditionally used for urinary and bladder complaints and as a diuretic. Solid human studies...
Buchu extract monograph & interactionsSuma extract
No knowninteractions
Suma is a South American root often marketed as a 'Brazilian ginseng' and used as an adaptogen for energy, stamina, and stress. Human evidence is very...
Suma extract monograph & interactionsGotu Kola extract
Interacts with579 drugs
Gotu kola is a traditional Ayurvedic and Asian herb that people use for wound healing, circulation, skin problems, and as a calming or memory-supporti...
Gotu Kola extract monograph & interactionsMarigold
Interacts with248 drugs
Calendula is a flowering plant whose petals are used mainly in skin creams, oils, and ointments to soothe minor irritation and support wound healing....
Marigold monograph & interactionsEchinacea purpurea
Interacts with816 drugs
Echinacea is a popular herb taken to help prevent or shorten the common cold, but study results are mixed and the overall benefit appears small at bes...
Echinacea purpurea monograph & interactionsSilver
Amino Acid Matrix - "Building Blocks of Protein"
Pure Plant Digestive Enzymes‚ Prebiotic‚ and Intestinal Matrix
Rutin
Interacts with86 drugs
Rutin is a plant flavonoid (often taken from buckwheat or citrus) that people use mainly for blood vessel and circulation problems like varicose veins...
Rutin monograph & interactionsHerbal Energy‚ Strength‚ Stamina‚ and Stress Management Matrix
Alfalfa
Interacts with583 drugs
Alfalfa is a nutrient-rich legume that people use for high cholesterol, menopause symptoms, and general wellness, but solid human evidence for most of...
Alfalfa monograph & interactionsSpirulina
Interacts with327 drugs
Blue-green algae are nutrient-rich aquatic microorganisms (such as spirulina and Klamath Lake algae) taken as a supplement for energy, nutrition, and...
Spirulina monograph & interactionsSt. John's Wort extract
Interacts with1,143 drugs
St. John's wort is a well-studied herb most often used for mild to moderate depression, and some research suggests it may help with this. However, it...
St. John's Wort extract monograph & interactionsUva Ursi dried extract
Interacts with803 drugs
Uva ursi is a traditional herb used mainly for urinary tract infections, and its leaves contain a compound called arbutin that may have antimicrobial...
Uva Ursi dried extract monograph & interactionsPassion flower extract
Interacts with836 drugs
Passion flower is a traditional calming herb that many people use for anxiety and sleep. Early studies hint it may help with mild anxiety and restless...
Passion flower extract monograph & interactionsAntioxidant Vegetable Garden‚ Optimum Seed‚ Sprout‚ and Fiber Matrix
Asparagus
Interacts with76 drugs
Asparagus is a nutritious vegetable that is safe and healthy to eat as part of a normal diet. Most of its claimed medicinal benefits, such as use as a...
Asparagus monograph & interactionsBroccoli
Interacts with187 drugs
Broccoli is a nutritious cruciferous vegetable rich in fiber, vitamins, and plant compounds like sulforaphane that have drawn scientific interest for...
Broccoli monograph & interactionsCarrot
No knowninteractions
Carrot is a common food vegetable that is a rich source of beta-carotene (which the body turns into vitamin A) and other nutrients. Eating carrots is...
Carrot monograph & interactionsGreen Bell Pepper
Interacts with239 drugs
Capsicum (chili pepper) contains capsaicin, which is best known and best studied as a topical treatment for certain types of pain. Topical capsaicin p...
Green Bell Pepper monograph & interactionsLeek
Parsnip
No knowninteractions
Parsnip is mainly a nutritious root vegetable that is safe and healthy as part of a normal diet. Its use as a concentrated supplement or herbal remedy...
Parsnip monograph & interactionsGreen Peas
Red Bell Pepper
Interacts with239 drugs
Capsicum (chili pepper) contains capsaicin, which is best known and best studied as a topical treatment for certain types of pain. Topical capsaicin p...
Red Bell Pepper monograph & interactionsSpinach
Interacts with88 drugs
Spinach is a nutrient-dense leafy green that is a healthy part of a balanced diet, providing vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. While it is...
Spinach monograph & interactionsYam (wild) extract
Interacts with41 drugs
Wild yam is a root traditionally used for menopausal symptoms, cramps, and as a so-called 'natural' hormone supplement, but solid human evidence for t...
Yam (wild) extract monograph & interactionsYellow Squash
Amaranth
No knowninteractions
Amaranth is a nutritious plant whose seeds are used as a gluten-free pseudocereal and whose leaves are eaten as a vegetable. It is generally considere...
Amaranth monograph & interactionsApple Pectin
Interacts with23 drugs
Pectin is a natural soluble fiber found in fruits like apples and citrus, and it is widely used in foods and as a fiber supplement. It may modestly he...
Apple Pectin monograph & interactionsWhite Kidney Bean extract
Millet
Rice Bran
No knowninteractions
Rice bran is the nutrient-rich outer layer of the rice grain and is a good source of fiber, healthy fats, and plant compounds. It is most studied for...
Rice Bran monograph & interactionsAntioxidant Fruit Orchard Matrix
Cherry extract
Interacts with128 drugs
Acerola is a small tropical fruit prized for its very high natural vitamin C content, and it is mostly used as a food-based source of vitamin C and an...
Cherry extract monograph & interactions38 Organically-Bound Essential Oils
Sweet Basil essential oil
Interacts with289 drugs
Basil is a popular cooking herb that is generally safe in the amounts used in food. While it has a long history of traditional medicinal use and conta...
Sweet Basil essential oil monograph & interactionsLaurel essential oil
Interacts with335 drugs
Bay leaf is a common culinary herb that is safe in the small amounts used in cooking. Some people take it for digestion, blood sugar, or colds, but st...
Laurel essential oil monograph & interactionsBergamot essential oil
Interacts with410 drugs
Bergamot is a Mediterranean citrus fruit, and its standardized extract is most often used to support cholesterol and heart health, with some early but...
Bergamot essential oil monograph & interactionsRoman Chamomile essential oil
Interacts with960 drugs
German chamomile is a widely used herbal remedy taken mainly as a tea for calming, sleep, and digestive complaints. Early research suggests possible b...
Roman Chamomile essential oil monograph & interactionsClary Sage essential oil
No knowninteractions
Clary sage is a Mediterranean herb most often used as an essential oil for aromatherapy and to ease stress or menstrual discomfort. Evidence for these...
Clary Sage essential oil monograph & interactionsCoriander essential oil
Interacts with717 drugs
Coriander (also called cilantro) is a common cooking herb and spice that has long been used in traditional medicine for digestive complaints. As a foo...
Coriander essential oil monograph & interactionsCypress essential oil
Interacts with122 drugs
Cypress comes from the Mediterranean cypress tree and is most often used as an essential oil in aromatherapy or skin care, and traditionally for circu...
Cypress essential oil monograph & interactionsDillweed essential oil
Interacts with87 drugs
Dill is a common culinary herb that has long been used in traditional medicine for digestive complaints, but solid human evidence for any medicinal us...
Dillweed essential oil monograph & interactionsElemi essential oil
No knowninteractions
Elemi is a fragrant tree resin from the Philippines, used mainly as an essential oil in aromatherapy and topical skin and balm products. Solid human e...
Elemi essential oil monograph & interactionsFir essential oil
No knowninteractions
Fir refers to several evergreen trees whose needles, resin, and essential oil are used traditionally for respiratory comfort, sore muscles, and aromat...
Fir essential oil monograph & interactionsFrankincense essential oil
Interacts with952 drugs
Boswellia serrata is a tree resin used in traditional medicine, mainly for joint pain and inflammation. Some studies suggest it may help with osteoart...
Frankincense essential oil monograph & interactionsGalbanum essential oil
Interacts with86 drugs
Galbanum is an aromatic gum resin from a Ferula plant, used mostly in perfumes, incense, and traditional remedies. There is very little solid human re...
Galbanum essential oil monograph & interactionsGeranium essential oil
Pink Grapefruit essential oil
Interacts with990 drugs
Grapefruit is a nutritious citrus fruit rich in vitamin C and other nutrients, and it is generally safe to eat. However, grapefruit is famous for seri...
Pink Grapefruit essential oil monograph & interactionsJuniper essential oil
Interacts with162 drugs
Juniper berry is a traditional herb best known for flavoring gin and for its folk use as a diuretic and digestive aid. Solid human evidence for its he...
Juniper essential oil monograph & interactionsLavender essential oil
Interacts with248 drugs
Lavender is a fragrant herb most popular for promoting relaxation, easing anxiety, and supporting sleep, with some encouraging evidence for a standard...
Lavender essential oil monograph & interactionsLavandin essential oil
Key Lime essential oil
Interacts with886 drugs
Lime is a common citrus fruit and a good natural source of vitamin C and plant antioxidants. As a food it is generally safe and enjoyed by most people...
Key Lime essential oil monograph & interactionsLemon essential oil
Interacts with1 drug
Lemon is a common citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C and citric acid, and it is widely used in food, drinks, and home remedies. While it...
Lemon essential oil monograph & interactionsMarjoram essential oil
Interacts with338 drugs
Marjoram is a Mediterranean kitchen herb related to oregano that is widely used in food and traditional medicine for digestive, sleep, and respiratory...
Marjoram essential oil monograph & interactionsMelissa essential oil
Interacts with264 drugs
Lemon balm is a gentle, lemon-scented mint-family herb traditionally used to ease stress, support sleep, and calm digestion, and topically for cold so...
Melissa essential oil monograph & interactionsMyrrh essential oil
Interacts with88 drugs
Myrrh is a fragrant gum resin from Commiphora trees that has long been used in mouthwashes, throat remedies, and skin care. Modern evidence for most o...
Myrrh essential oil monograph & interactionsNutmeg Essential Oil
Interacts with528 drugs
Nutmeg is a popular cooking spice that has long been used in traditional medicine for digestion and other complaints, but there is little solid human...
Nutmeg Essential Oil monograph & interactionsOrange essential oil
Interacts with246 drugs
Sweet orange is a common citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants, and is enjoyed as a food worldwide. Its peel and es...
Orange essential oil monograph & interactionsOregano essential oil
Interacts with208 drugs
Oregano is a common Mediterranean cooking herb that is also sold as a concentrated oil or supplement, often standardized for a compound called carvacr...
Oregano essential oil monograph & interactionsPatchouli essential oil
Persian Lime essential oil
Pine Tree essential oil
Black Pepper essential oil
Interacts with1,019 drugs
Black pepper is a common kitchen spice that is generally safe in the amounts used in food. Its extract, piperine, is mostly added to supplements to he...
Black Pepper essential oil monograph & interactionsPeppermint essential oil
Interacts with796 drugs
Peppermint is a popular herb with the best evidence supporting enteric-coated peppermint oil for easing IBS symptoms. It is generally well tolerated f...
Peppermint essential oil monograph & interactionsRosemary essential oil
Interacts with372 drugs
Rosemary is a fragrant Mediterranean herb that is safe and flavorful in normal food amounts. Some early research suggests possible benefits for memory...
Rosemary essential oil monograph & interactionsDalmatian Sage essential oil
Interacts with1,296 drugs
Sage is a common kitchen herb that is generally safe in food amounts and is traditionally used for sore throats, digestion, sweating, and memory. Some...
Dalmatian Sage essential oil monograph & interactionsAustralian Sandalwood essential oil
Spearmint essential oil
Interacts with579 drugs
Spearmint is a common culinary mint that is generally safe in food and tea amounts. Early research suggests possible benefits for digestion, mild horm...
Spearmint essential oil monograph & interactionsSpruce essential oil
Tangerine essential oil
Interacts with643 drugs
Tangerine is a sweet citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C and other nutrients, and is widely enjoyed as food. While the peel and essential...
Tangerine essential oil monograph & interactionsTarragon essential oil
Interacts with359 drugs
Tarragon is a flavorful culinary herb that has been used in traditional medicine for digestion, sleep, and other complaints, but solid human evidence...
Tarragon essential oil monograph & interactionsTea Tree essential oil
Thyme essential oil
Interacts with379 drugs
Thyme is a common kitchen herb that has long been used for coughs, sore throats, and digestive complaints. It is generally safe in the amounts found i...
Thyme essential oil monograph & interactionsVetiver essential oil
No knowninteractions
Vetiver is a fragrant grass whose roots produce an essential oil widely used in perfumes and aromatherapy for relaxation. Human evidence for any healt...
Vetiver essential oil monograph & interactionsYlang Ylang essential oil
Other (inactive) ingredients: Proprietary Double Reverse Osmosis Water, Fructose, Natural Peach flavor, Natural Mango flavor, Glycerine, Potassium Sorbate, Luo Han Guo fruit extract, Stevia leaf extract. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor by Drucker Labs Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango by Drucker Labs is a 313-ingredient liquid supplement with documented interactions affecting a substantial number of medications.
The most serious interaction involves L-phenylalanine and levodopa (a Parkinson's medication), where phenylalanine can significantly reduce levodopa's effectiveness by competing for transport into the brain, potentially worsening tremor and movement control.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Several other ingredients carry Moderate-severity interactions with multiple drug classes. L-arginine interacts with blood pressure medications (including ACE inhibitors and ARBs), blood thinners (anticoagulants and antiplatelets), diabetes drugs, potassium-sparing diuretics, and erectile dysfunction medications—each pairing raising concerns about low blood pressure, high potassium levels, or excessive bleeding.
L-citrulline similarly affects blood pressure medications and erectile dysfunction drugs. Vitamin C at high doses can reduce warfarin effectiveness, increase estrogen levels from hormonal contraceptives, and interfere with some chemotherapy drugs and thyroid medication absorption.
L-glutamine may theoretically reduce seizure medication effectiveness, and L-tyrosine can compete with levodopa and interact with thyroid hormones.
Additionally, riboflavin may decrease tetracycline antibiotic potency, papain might increase warfarin effects, glycine may worsen schizophrenia symptoms when combined with clozapine, and choline has a minor interaction with atropine. Altogether, these interactions span 2,372 individual medications.
Several ingredients—L-leucine, L-alanine, L-isoleucine, L-valine, L-glutamic acid, and acacia—could not be checked because we hold no interaction data for them. Use the medication checker on this page to verify your exact prescriptions before starting this product.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor interact with 2,401 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
169 of the 314 ingredients in intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Marshmallow extract Acacia Glucomannan Slippery Elm extract Ashwagandha extract Dalmatian Sage essential oil Ginkgo biloba extract Bioflavonoid Complex Phellodendron extract St. John's Wort extract Eleuthero extract Turmeric extract Panax ginseng Licorice Black Pepper essential oil Ginger Goji Grapefruit Clove Epimedium saggittatum extract Cat’s Claw Roman Chamomile essential oil Milk Thistle extract Frankincense essential oil Feverfew extract Pomegranate Bee Propolis Black Cumin Grape Seed Extract Wormwood Lime Beet Passion flower extract Echinacea angustifolia White Peony extract Schisandra extract Uva Ursi dried extract Peppermint extract Vitamin E Fennel Niacin Cilantro Vitamin D Cranberry Garcinia cambogia extract Rhubarb Celery Tangerine Black Cherry Flax Kudzu extract Alfalfa Gotu Kola extract Spearmint essential oil L-Theanine Noni Sesame Nutmeg Essential Oil Buchu extract Aloe vera extract Dandelion Parsley Cinnamon Essential Oil Gamma Aminobutyric Acid Bergamot essential oil L-Arginine Fenugreek Vitamin A Thyme Rosemary essential oil Tarragon essential oil Marjoram essential oil Chlorella Laurel essential oil Spirulina Cabbage Selenium Apple Magnesium N-Acetyl L-Cysteine Beta Glucan 1,3-1,4 Kiwi Sweet Basil essential oil Bilberry extract Lemon Balm extract R-Isomer Alpha Lipoic Acid Horehound Fulvic Acid Marigold Lavender essential oil Orange Brussels Sprout Green Bell Pepper American Ginseng extract Holy Basil extract Vitamin B6 Astragalus Oregano extract Vitamin C Coenzyme Q10 Hawthorn extract SAMe Broccoli Cauliflower L-Citrulline Chromium Royal Jelly extract Saw Palmetto extract L-Taurine Glucosamine Sulfate Sheep Sorrel extract Calcium Nettle extract Dong Quai extract Juniper essential oil Bromelain Red Raspberry Cherry extract Mangosteen Burdock Prune Pau d'Arco Red Palm Oil Honeysuckle flower extract Cypress essential oil Elderberry Arabinogalactan Chaste Tree extract Papaya Blueberry Spinach Myrrh essential oil Dillweed essential oil L-Cysteine Acai Inulin Okra Chicory extract Inositol Oat Grass Rutin Galbanum essential oil Dulse Manganese Iron Yellow Dock Asparagus Zinc Potassium L-Glutamine Wild Yam Apple Pectin L-Tyrosine Riboflavin Vitamin B12 L-Phenylalanine Choline Iodine Banana L-Threonine Thiamine Papain Bee Pollen Vitamin K Glycine L-Lysine Pumpkin Lemon extract Barley Grass
Ado-trastuzumab EmtansineKadcyla
How Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 39 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
St. John's Wort ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Major
Interaction Summary
St.
Read the full St. John's Wort Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionPink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Major
Interaction Summary
Grapefruit juice can increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionWormwoodCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Wormwood + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionGojiCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionPanax GinsengCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionPhellodendron ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionKey Lime Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionTurmeric ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionMilk Thistle ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAshwagandha ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAbemaciclibVerzenio
How Abemaciclib interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 43 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Major
Interaction Summary
Grapefruit juice can increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Abemaciclib interactionSt. John's Wort ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Major
Vitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Abemaciclib interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Abemaciclib interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Abemaciclib interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Abemaciclib interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Abemaciclib interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Abemaciclib interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Abemaciclib interactionWormwoodCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Wormwood + Abemaciclib interactionGojiCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Abemaciclib interactionPhellodendron ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Abemaciclib interactionPanax GinsengCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Abemaciclib interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Abemaciclib interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Abemaciclib interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Abemaciclib interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Abemaciclib interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Abemaciclib interactionKey Lime Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Abemaciclib interactionTurmeric ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Abemaciclib interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Abemaciclib interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Abemaciclib interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Abemaciclib interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Abemaciclib interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Abemaciclib interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Abemaciclib interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Abemaciclib interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Abemaciclib interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Abemaciclib interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Abemaciclib interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Abemaciclib interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Abemaciclib interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Abemaciclib interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Abemaciclib interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Abemaciclib interactionAshwagandha ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Abemaciclib interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Abemaciclib interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Abemaciclib interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Abemaciclib interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Abemaciclib interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Abemaciclib interactionMilk Thistle ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Abemaciclib interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Abemaciclib interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 53 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Major
Interaction Summary
Grapefruit juice can increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Abiraterone interactionSt. John's Wort ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Major
Dalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Abiraterone interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Abiraterone interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Abiraterone interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Abiraterone interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Abiraterone interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Abiraterone interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Abiraterone interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Abiraterone interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Abiraterone interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Abiraterone interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Abiraterone interactionWormwoodCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Wormwood + Abiraterone interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Abiraterone interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Abiraterone interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Abiraterone interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Abiraterone interactionAshwagandha ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Abiraterone interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Abiraterone interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Abiraterone interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Abiraterone interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Abiraterone interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Abiraterone interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Abiraterone interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Abiraterone interactionGojiCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Abiraterone interactionPanax GinsengCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Abiraterone interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Abiraterone interactionPhellodendron ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Abiraterone interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Abiraterone interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Abiraterone interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Abiraterone interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Abiraterone interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Abiraterone interactionTurmeric ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Abiraterone interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Abiraterone interactionGotu Kola ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Abiraterone interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Abiraterone interactionKey Lime Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Abiraterone interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Abiraterone interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Abiraterone interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Abiraterone interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Abiraterone interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Abiraterone interactionRhubarbHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of rhubarb with potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Rhubarb + Abiraterone interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Abiraterone interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Abiraterone interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Abiraterone interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Abiraterone interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Abiraterone interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Abiraterone interactionMilk Thistle ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 53 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Major
Interaction Summary
Grapefruit juice can increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Abiraterone Acetate interactionSt. John's Wort ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Major
RhubarbHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of rhubarb with potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Rhubarb + Abiraterone Acetate interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Abiraterone Acetate interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Abiraterone Acetate interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Abiraterone Acetate interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAshwagandha ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Abiraterone Acetate interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Abiraterone Acetate interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Abiraterone Acetate interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Abiraterone Acetate interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Abiraterone Acetate interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Abiraterone Acetate interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Abiraterone Acetate interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Abiraterone Acetate interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Abiraterone Acetate interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Abiraterone Acetate interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Abiraterone Acetate interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionWormwoodCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Wormwood + Abiraterone Acetate interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Abiraterone Acetate interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Abiraterone Acetate interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Abiraterone Acetate interactionGotu Kola ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionTurmeric ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionKey Lime Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Abiraterone Acetate interactionPhellodendron ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionGojiCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Abiraterone Acetate interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Abiraterone Acetate interactionPanax GinsengCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Abiraterone Acetate interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Abiraterone Acetate interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Abiraterone Acetate interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Abiraterone Acetate interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Abiraterone Acetate interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionMilk Thistle ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Abiraterone Acetate interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAcalabrutinibCalquence
How Acalabrutinib interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 45 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
St. John's Wort ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, P-glycoprotein Substrates Major
Pink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, P-glycoprotein Substrates Major
Interaction Summary
Grapefruit juice can increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acalabrutinib interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acalabrutinib interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionKey Lime Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acalabrutinib interactionTurmeric ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, P-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acalabrutinib interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acalabrutinib interactionSchisandra ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra might increase the levels and clinical effects of P-glycoprotein substrates.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acalabrutinib interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acalabrutinib interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acalabrutinib interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, P-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acalabrutinib interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, P-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with P-glycoprotein substrates might increase the levels and adverse effects of these substrates.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acalabrutinib interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acalabrutinib interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acalabrutinib interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acalabrutinib interactionBioflavonoid ComplexP-glycoprotein Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of P-glycoprotein substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acalabrutinib interactionGinger Essential OilP-glycoprotein Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase the absorption and blood levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acalabrutinib interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acalabrutinib interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acalabrutinib interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acalabrutinib interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acalabrutinib interactionWormwoodCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Wormwood + Acalabrutinib interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilP-glycoprotein Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acalabrutinib interactionOrange Essential OilP-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Sweet orange juice seems to modulate P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which might affect the blood levels of P-gp substrates.
Read the full Orange Essential Oil + Acalabrutinib interactionLicorice Root ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the absorption of P-glycoprotein substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acalabrutinib interactionPhellodendron ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionPanax GinsengCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acalabrutinib interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, P-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionGojiCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acalabrutinib interactionMilk Thistle ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might increase the absorption of P-glycoprotein substrates.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionAshwagandha ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acalabrutinib interactionSesameP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sesame might alter the transport of P-glycoprotein substrates.
Read the full Sesame + Acalabrutinib interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acalabrutinib interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 99 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
St. John's Wort ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Major
Interaction Summary
St.
Read the full St. John's Wort Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionPink Grapefruit Essential OilCaffeine, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Grapefruit juice can decrease the clearance of caffeine, potentially increasing the effects and adverse effects of caffeine.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionSweet Basil Essential OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, basil might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Sweet Basil Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionRed Raspberry ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking red raspberry leaf with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Red Raspberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionFennel Essential OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionBioflavonoid ComplexOrganic Anion Transporter 1 (oat1) Substrates, Organic Anion Transporter 3 (oat3) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of OAT1 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape seed extract might increase the levels of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionBee PropolisAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, propolis might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionCat’s ClawAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionCypress Essential OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro evidence shows that cypress cone extract inhibits blood coagulation in a concentration-dependent manner.
Read the full Cypress Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionCeleryAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery root might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionNiacinAspirin, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Large doses of aspirin might alter the clearance of niacin.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionSpirulinaAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, spirulina blue-green algae might increase the risk of bleeding if used with other anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Spirulina + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionBlack CuminAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black seed may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionBromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionRed Bell PepperAspirin, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking capsicum with aspirin might reduce the bioavailability of aspirin.
Read the full Red Bell Pepper + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionKiwiAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Clinical research suggests that kiwi inhibits platelet aggregation.
Read the full Kiwi + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionDong Quai ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dong quai may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs; however, research is conflicting.
Read the full Dong Quai Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionPruneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, plum juice might have antiplatelet effects.
Read the full Prune + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionEleuthero ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionMangosteenAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of mangosteen with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs may increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Mangosteen + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionFulvic AcidAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking fulvic acid may decrease the effectiveness of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Fulvic Acid + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionRed Palm OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, palm oil might decrease the effectiveness of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Red Palm Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionBrussels SproutGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
A cabbage and Brussels sprout-containing diet seems to boost elimination through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionHoly Basil ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, holy basil seed oil might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Holy Basil Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionN-acetyl L-cysteineAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, N-acetyl cysteine might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full N-acetyl L-cysteine + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionGojiCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionSeleniumAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Selenium may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Selenium + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionFlaxAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using flaxseed in combination with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Flax + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionPanax GinsengCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Caffeine +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionPhellodendron ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionSaw Palmetto ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionVitamin EAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAshwagandha ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionGinger Essential OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Caffeine +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionNutmeg Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, nutmeg might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionR-isomer Alpha Lipoic AcidAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, alpha-lipoic acid may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full R-isomer Alpha Lipoic Acid + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionL-arginineAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full L-arginine + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionThyme Essential OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, thyme leaf extract might have additive effects with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Thyme Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionMilk Thistle ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionRhubarbHepatotoxic Drugs, Nephrotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of rhubarb with potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionBurdockAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking burdock with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Burdock + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionCabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionTarragon Essential OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Evidence from in vitro research suggests that tarragon extract inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion.
Read the full Tarragon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionPau D'arcoAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pau d'arco might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Pau D'arco + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionOregano Essential OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, oregano might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Oregano Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionHawthorn ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Hawthorn Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionHoneysuckle Flower ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honeysuckle might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Honeysuckle Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionKey Lime Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionMarjoram Essential OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that marjoram extract inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion.
Read the full Marjoram Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionGotu Kola ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionKudzu ExtractCaffeine, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking kudzu with caffeine might increase levels of caffeine.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionWormwoodHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionFenugreekAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fenugreek might have additive effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Fenugreek + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionDandelionGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionSheep Sorrel ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sorrel might cause additive effects and side effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Sheep Sorrel Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionTurmeric ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionChromiumNonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (nsaids), Aspirin Minor
Interaction Summary
NSAIDs might increase chromium levels in the body.
Read the full Chromium + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionMagnesiumAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others), Aspirin Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionMarshmallow ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Oral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, marshmallow flower might have antiplatelet effects.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionCherry ExtractAspirin Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, acerola might reduce the clearance of aspirin; however, its vitamin C content is likely too low to produce clinically significant effects.
Read the full Cherry Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 67 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
St. John's Wort ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Major
Interaction Summary
St.
Read the full St. John's Wort Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionPink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Caffeine +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Grapefruit juice can increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionMilk Thistle ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionRhubarbNephrotoxic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, long-term use of anthraquinones from rhubarb might increase the risk of nephrotoxicity when used with nephrotoxic drugs.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionCabbageCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionTurmeric ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionDandelionGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Caffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionKey Lime Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionWormwoodHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionGotu Kola ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionNutmeg Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, nutmeg might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionSeleniumBarbiturates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, selenium might prolong the sedating effects of barbiturates.
Read the full Selenium + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionGojiCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionBrussels SproutCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research suggests that Brussels sprout can induce cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionPanax GinsengStimulant Drugs, Caffeine +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax ginseng with stimulant drugs might increase the risk of adverse stimulant effects.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionPhellodendron ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionCeleryAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others), Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery juice might increase the effects and side effects of acetaminophen.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, propolis might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape seed extract might increase the levels of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may increase levels of drugs metabolized by glucuronidation.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAshwagandha ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 76 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
St. John's Wort ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Major
Interaction Summary
St.
Read the full St. John's Wort Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionPink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Caffeine +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grapefruit juice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionEchinacea PurpureaCaffeine, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea can increase plasma levels of caffeine by inhibiting its metabolism.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAshwagandha ExtractCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionNutmeg Essential OilCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, nutmeg might increase the risk of additive sedation when taken with CNS depressants.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionSpearmint Essential OilCns Depressants, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, spearmint might alter the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionLavender Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, lavender might potentiate the therapeutic effects and adverse effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Lavender Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionDandelionCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Caffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionLaurel Essential OilCns Depressants, Narcotic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking bay leaf in large amounts may enhance the therapeutic and adverse effects of sedatives.
Read the full Laurel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionTurmeric ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionGotu Kola ExtractCns Depressants, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionWormwoodHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionTarragon Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Evidence from animal research suggests that tarragon essential oil can cause sedation and motor impairment when administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 mL/kg.
Read the full Tarragon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionKey Lime Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionMilk Thistle ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionCoriander Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coriander might cause additive sedative effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Read the full Coriander Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionCabbageCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionRhubarbHepatotoxic Drugs, Nephrotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of rhubarb with potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape juice might reduce the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionMelissa Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of lemon balm might have additive effects with CNS depressant drugs.
Read the full Melissa Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionPanax GinsengCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBrussels SproutGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
A cabbage and Brussels sprout-containing diet seems to boost elimination through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionGojiCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionSeleniumBarbiturates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, selenium might prolong the sedating effects of barbiturates.
Read the full Selenium + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionPhellodendron ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionCeleryCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBlack CuminCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs that have sedative properties may cause additive effects.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionMarigoldCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, calendula might have additive effects when used with CNS depressants, although this appears to be unlikely.
Read the full Marigold + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionGamma Aminobutyric AcidCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, GABA might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Gamma Aminobutyric Acid + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionL-theanineCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 80 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pink Grapefruit Essential OilCaffeine, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Grapefruit juice can decrease the clearance of caffeine, potentially increasing the effects and adverse effects of caffeine.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionSt. John's Wort ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Major
Eleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionPanax GinsengCaffeine, Stimulant Drugs +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax ginseng with caffeine might increase the risk of adverse stimulant effects.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionPhellodendron ExtractCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionGojiCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2D6 and reduce metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionBrussels SproutCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research suggests that Brussels sprout can induce cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might have additive effects when used with CNS depressants.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionCeleryPhotosensitizing Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery might increase the risk of photosensitivity reactions when taken with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionBlack CuminCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs that have sedative properties may cause additive effects.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAshwagandha ExtractCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionEchinacea PurpureaCaffeine, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea can increase plasma levels of caffeine by inhibiting its metabolism.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Anticholinergic Drugs +3 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may increase levels of drugs metabolized by glucuronidation.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape seed extract might increase the levels of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionMelissa Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of lemon balm might have additive effects with CNS depressant drugs.
Read the full Melissa Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionCabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionCoriander Essential OilCns Depressants, Photosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coriander might cause additive sedative effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Read the full Coriander Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionMilk Thistle ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAlfalfaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionRhubarbHepatotoxic Drugs, Nephrotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of rhubarb with potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionBergamot Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, topical bergamot essential oil might increase the risk of side effects when used along with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Bergamot Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionTarragon Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Evidence from animal research suggests that tarragon essential oil can cause sedation and motor impairment when administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 mL/kg.
Read the full Tarragon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionMarjoram Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that marjoram extract can inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity.
Read the full Marjoram Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionKey Lime Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of lime oil with photosensitizing drugs may increase the risk of phototoxicity.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionWormwoodHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionKudzu ExtractCaffeine, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking kudzu with caffeine might increase levels of caffeine.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionGotu Kola ExtractCns Depressants, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionDandelionCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionLaurel Essential OilCns Depressants, Narcotic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking bay leaf in large amounts may enhance the therapeutic and adverse effects of sedatives.
Read the full Laurel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionTurmeric ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionNutmeg Essential OilCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, nutmeg might increase the risk of additive sedation when taken with CNS depressants.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionSpearmint Essential OilCns Depressants, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, spearmint might alter the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionLavender Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, lavender might potentiate the therapeutic effects and adverse effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Lavender Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionThyme Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Seizure Threshold Lowering Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionL-theanineCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionGamma Aminobutyric AcidCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, GABA might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Gamma Aminobutyric Acid + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionMarigoldCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, calendula might have additive effects when used with CNS depressants, although this appears to be unlikely.
Read the full Marigold + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 75 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
St. John's Wort ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Major
Interaction Summary
St.
Read the full St. John's Wort Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionPink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Caffeine +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Grapefruit juice can increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Seizure Threshold Lowering Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking sage might increase the sedative and adverse effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionMelissa Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of lemon balm might have additive effects with CNS depressant drugs.
Read the full Melissa Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBlack CuminCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs that have sedative properties may cause additive effects.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might have additive effects when used with CNS depressants.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionCeleryCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionPhellodendron ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cns Depressants +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionPanax GinsengStimulant Drugs, Caffeine +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax ginseng with stimulant drugs might increase the risk of adverse stimulant effects.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionGojiCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBrussels SproutGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
A cabbage and Brussels sprout-containing diet seems to boost elimination through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAshwagandha ExtractCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionNutmeg Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, nutmeg might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionPassion Flower ExtractCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionLavender Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, lavender might potentiate the therapeutic effects and adverse effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Lavender Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionSpearmint Essential OilCns Depressants, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, spearmint might alter the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionMilk Thistle ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionCabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionRhubarbNephrotoxic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, long-term use of anthraquinones from rhubarb might increase the risk of nephrotoxicity when used with nephrotoxic drugs.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionCoriander Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coriander might cause additive sedative effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Read the full Coriander Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionTurmeric ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionGotu Kola ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionWormwoodHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionKudzu ExtractCaffeine, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking kudzu with caffeine might increase levels of caffeine.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionTarragon Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Evidence from animal research suggests that tarragon essential oil can cause sedation and motor impairment when administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 mL/kg.
Read the full Tarragon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionKey Lime Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionLaurel Essential OilNarcotic Drugs, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking bay leaf in large amounts may enhance the therapeutic and adverse effects of narcotics.
Read the full Laurel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionDandelionCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionGamma Aminobutyric AcidCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, GABA might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Gamma Aminobutyric Acid + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionL-theanineCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionMarigoldCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, calendula might have additive effects when used with CNS depressants, although this appears to be unlikely.
Read the full Marigold + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, SalicylamideCodalan No.1, Codalan No.2, Codalan No.3
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 75 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
St. John's Wort ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Major
Pink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Caffeine +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grapefruit juice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionDandelionGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Caffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionTarragon Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Evidence from animal research suggests that tarragon essential oil can cause sedation and motor impairment when administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 mL/kg.
Read the full Tarragon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionTurmeric ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionWormwoodCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionGotu Kola ExtractCns Depressants, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionKey Lime Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionLaurel Essential OilNarcotic Drugs, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking bay leaf in large amounts may enhance the therapeutic and adverse effects of narcotics.
Read the full Laurel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionBrussels SproutCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research suggests that Brussels sprout can induce cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionPhellodendron ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cns Depressants +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionPanax GinsengStimulant Drugs, Caffeine +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax ginseng with stimulant drugs might increase the risk of adverse stimulant effects.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionGojiCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2D6 and reduce metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionMelissa Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of lemon balm might have additive effects with CNS depressant drugs.
Read the full Melissa Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may increase levels of drugs metabolized by glucuronidation.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Seizure Threshold Lowering Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might have additive effects when used with CNS depressants.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionBlack CuminCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs that have sedative properties may cause additive effects.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionCeleryAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others), Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery juice might increase the effects and side effects of acetaminophen.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionCabbageCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionMilk Thistle ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionCoriander Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coriander might cause additive sedative effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Read the full Coriander Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionRhubarbNephrotoxic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, long-term use of anthraquinones from rhubarb might increase the risk of nephrotoxicity when used with nephrotoxic drugs.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAshwagandha ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionEchinacea PurpureaCaffeine, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea can increase plasma levels of caffeine by inhibiting its metabolism.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionLavender Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, lavender might potentiate the therapeutic effects and adverse effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Lavender Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionNutmeg Essential OilCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, nutmeg might increase the risk of additive sedation when taken with CNS depressants.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionL-theanineCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionGamma Aminobutyric AcidCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, GABA might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Gamma Aminobutyric Acid + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionMarigoldCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, calendula might have additive effects when used with CNS depressants, although this appears to be unlikely.
Read the full Marigold + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, DihydrocodeineDHC Plus, Panlor DC, Panlor SS
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 75 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
St. John's Wort ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Major
Interaction Summary
St.
Read the full St. John's Wort Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionPink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grapefruit juice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionSpearmint Essential OilCns Depressants, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, spearmint might alter the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionLavender Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, lavender might potentiate the therapeutic effects and adverse effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Lavender Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionNutmeg Essential OilCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, nutmeg might increase the risk of additive sedation when taken with CNS depressants.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Seizure Threshold Lowering Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionBrussels SproutGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
A cabbage and Brussels sprout-containing diet seems to boost elimination through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionPhellodendron ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionPanax GinsengCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionGojiCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionLaurel Essential OilCns Depressants, Narcotic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking bay leaf in large amounts may enhance the therapeutic and adverse effects of sedatives.
Read the full Laurel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionTurmeric ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Caffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionDandelionCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionTarragon Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Evidence from animal research suggests that tarragon essential oil can cause sedation and motor impairment when administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 mL/kg.
Read the full Tarragon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionKey Lime Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionWormwoodHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionGotu Kola ExtractCns Depressants, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, propolis might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape seed extract might increase the levels of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionMelissa Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of lemon balm might have additive effects with CNS depressant drugs.
Read the full Melissa Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAshwagandha ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionEchinacea PurpureaCaffeine, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea can increase plasma levels of caffeine by inhibiting its metabolism.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionCeleryCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionBlack CuminCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs that have sedative properties may cause additive effects.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionRhubarbHepatotoxic Drugs, Nephrotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of rhubarb with potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionCabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionMilk Thistle ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionCoriander Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coriander might cause additive sedative effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Read the full Coriander Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionL-theanineCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionGamma Aminobutyric AcidCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, GABA might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Gamma Aminobutyric Acid + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionMarigoldCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, calendula might have additive effects when used with CNS depressants, although this appears to be unlikely.
Read the full Marigold + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, IsomethepteneMigralam
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 66 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
St. John's Wort ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Major
Interaction Summary
St.
Read the full St. John's Wort Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionPink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Caffeine +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grapefruit juice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionMilk Thistle ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionRhubarbHepatotoxic Drugs, Nephrotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of rhubarb with potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionCabbageCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionDandelionGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Caffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionTurmeric ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionWormwoodHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionGotu Kola ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionKey Lime Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionNutmeg Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, nutmeg might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionGojiCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionBrussels SproutCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research suggests that Brussels sprout can induce cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionPanax GinsengStimulant Drugs, Caffeine +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax ginseng with stimulant drugs might increase the risk of adverse stimulant effects.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionPhellodendron ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionCeleryAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others), Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery juice might increase the effects and side effects of acetaminophen.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape juice might reduce the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may increase levels of drugs metabolized by glucuronidation.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAshwagandha ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 73 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionSt. John's Wort ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Major
Interaction Summary
St.
Read the full St. John's Wort Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionPink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Caffeine +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Grapefruit juice can increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionEchinacea PurpureaCaffeine, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea can increase plasma levels of caffeine by inhibiting its metabolism.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAshwagandha ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionParsleyDiuretic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might enhance or interfere with the effects of diuretic drugs.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionNutmeg Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, nutmeg might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionThyme Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Diuretic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionKey Lime Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionMarjoram Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that marjoram extract can inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity.
Read the full Marjoram Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionNettle ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining stinging nettle with diuretic drugs may have additive effects.
Read the full Nettle Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Caffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionDandelionCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAloe Vera ExtractDiuretic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionTurmeric ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionWormwoodCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionGotu Kola ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionMilk Thistle ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionCabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionRhubarbNephrotoxic Drugs, Diuretic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, long-term use of anthraquinones from rhubarb might increase the risk of nephrotoxicity when used with nephrotoxic drugs.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAsparagusDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, asparagus root might increase diuresis and electrolyte loss when used with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Asparagus + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, propolis might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape juice might reduce the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionPanax GinsengCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Caffeine +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionGojiCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionBrussels SproutGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
A cabbage and Brussels sprout-containing diet seems to boost elimination through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionPhellodendron ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionCeleryCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionBlack CuminDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking black seed with diuretic drugs might increase potassium loss and the risk of hypokalemia.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionJuniper Essential OilDiuretic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, juniper berry might increase the risk of adverse effects from diuretic drugs.
Read the full Juniper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan HbrVicks Formula 44M Cough, Cold & Flu Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 75 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Dextromethorphan (robitussin Dm, Others) +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Grapefruit juice can increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionSt. John's Wort ExtractPhotosensitizing Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, St.
Read the full St. John's Wort Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionCeleryPhotosensitizing Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery might increase the risk of photosensitivity reactions when taken with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionBlack CuminSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining serotonergic drugs with black seed might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionMilk Thistle ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionBergamot Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, topical bergamot essential oil might increase the risk of side effects when used along with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Bergamot Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAlfalfaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionRhubarbNephrotoxic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, long-term use of anthraquinones from rhubarb might increase the risk of nephrotoxicity when used with nephrotoxic drugs.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionCoriander Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coriander might increase the risk of photosensitivity when taken with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Coriander Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionCabbageAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others), Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Cabbage might increase clearance and reduce the effects of acetaminophen.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionWormwoodCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionThyme Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining garcinia with other serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionNutmeg Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, nutmeg might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionSameSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking SAMe with serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonin syndrome and other serotonergic side effects.
Read the full Same + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP2D6 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAshwagandha ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Some animal studies have reported that ashwagandha can enhance serotonergic transmission by altering certain serotonin (5-HT) receptors.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionGotu Kola ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Anticholinergic Drugs +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionKey Lime Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of lime oil with photosensitizing drugs may increase the risk of phototoxicity.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionTurmeric ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionDandelionGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionMarjoram Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that marjoram extract can inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity.
Read the full Marjoram Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionGojiCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2D6 and reduce metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionPanax GinsengCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionBrussels SproutAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others), Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
A cabbage and Brussels sprout-containing diet can increase metabolism and decrease levels of acetaminophen.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionPhellodendron ExtractDextromethorphan (robitussin Dm, Others), Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron may increase serum levels of dextromethorphan.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Seizure Threshold Lowering Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may increase levels of drugs metabolized by glucuronidation.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, propolis might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionL-theanineSerotonergic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting.
Read the full L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, PhenylephrineColrex
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 81 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Major
Interaction Summary
Grapefruit juice can increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionSt. John's Wort ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, St.
Read the full St. John's Wort Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Anticholinergic Drugs +3 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may increase levels of drugs metabolized by glucuronidation.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape seed extract might increase the levels of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionMelissa Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of lemon balm might have additive effects with CNS depressant drugs.
Read the full Melissa Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAshwagandha ExtractCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +3 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionCabbageCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionMilk Thistle ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionBergamot Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, topical bergamot essential oil might increase the risk of side effects when used along with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Bergamot Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAlfalfaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionCoriander Essential OilCns Depressants, Photosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coriander might cause additive sedative effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Read the full Coriander Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionRhubarbNephrotoxic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, long-term use of anthraquinones from rhubarb might increase the risk of nephrotoxicity when used with nephrotoxic drugs.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionBlack CuminCns Depressants, Serotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs that have sedative properties may cause additive effects.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionCeleryAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others), Photosensitizing Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery juice might increase the effects and side effects of acetaminophen.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionNutmeg Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticholinergic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, nutmeg might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionSameSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking SAMe with serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonin syndrome and other serotonergic side effects.
Read the full Same + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionLavender Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, lavender might potentiate the therapeutic effects and adverse effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Lavender Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionPassion Flower ExtractCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionThyme Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Serotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Seizure Threshold Lowering Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionTarragon Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Evidence from animal research suggests that tarragon essential oil can cause sedation and motor impairment when administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 mL/kg.
Read the full Tarragon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionKey Lime Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Photosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionMarjoram Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that marjoram extract can inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity.
Read the full Marjoram Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionGotu Kola ExtractCns Depressants, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionWormwoodHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionDandelionCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionLaurel Essential OilNarcotic Drugs, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking bay leaf in large amounts may enhance the therapeutic and adverse effects of narcotics.
Read the full Laurel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionTurmeric ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionPhellodendron ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionGojiCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2D6 and reduce metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionPanax GinsengStimulant Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax ginseng with stimulant drugs might increase the risk of adverse stimulant effects.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionBrussels SproutGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
A cabbage and Brussels sprout-containing diet seems to boost elimination through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionGamma Aminobutyric AcidCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, GABA might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Gamma Aminobutyric Acid + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionMarigoldCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, calendula might have additive effects when used with CNS depressants, although this appears to be unlikely.
Read the full Marigold + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionL-theanineSerotonergic Drugs, Cns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting.
Read the full L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, DextromethorphanCoricidin II Extra Strength Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 75 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pink Grapefruit Essential OilDextromethorphan (robitussin Dm, Others), Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Grapefruit juice can increase blood levels of dextromethorphan, potentially increasing the effects and adverse effects of dextromethorphan.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionSt. John's Wort ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Major
Eleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionGojiCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionPhellodendron ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionBrussels SproutAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others), Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
A cabbage and Brussels sprout-containing diet can increase metabolism and decrease levels of acetaminophen.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionPanax GinsengCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionBlack CuminSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining serotonergic drugs with black seed might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionCeleryPhotosensitizing Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery might increase the risk of photosensitivity reactions when taken with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionAshwagandha ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Some animal studies have reported that ashwagandha can enhance serotonergic transmission by altering certain serotonin (5-HT) receptors.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape seed extract might increase the levels of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may increase levels of drugs metabolized by glucuronidation.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, propolis might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionRhubarbHepatotoxic Drugs, Nephrotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of rhubarb with potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionBergamot Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, topical bergamot essential oil might increase the risk of side effects when used along with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Bergamot Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionMilk Thistle ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionCabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionAlfalfaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionCoriander Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coriander might increase the risk of photosensitivity when taken with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Coriander Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionTurmeric ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionGotu Kola ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionWormwoodHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionMarjoram Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that marjoram extract can inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity.
Read the full Marjoram Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionKey Lime Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Photosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionDandelionGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining garcinia with other serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionThyme Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionNutmeg Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of nutmeg and anticholinergic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of either agent.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionSameSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking SAMe with serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonin syndrome and other serotonergic side effects.
Read the full Same + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionL-theanineSerotonergic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting.
Read the full L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan HydrobromideCoricidin HBP Maximum Strength Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 75 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
St. John's Wort ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Photosensitizing Drugs +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, St.
Read the full St. John's Wort Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionPink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grapefruit juice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractSeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with drugs that lower the seizure threshold might increase the risk for convulsions.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might decrease the clinical effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionBlack CuminSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining serotonergic drugs with black seed might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionCeleryPhotosensitizing Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery might increase the risk of photosensitivity reactions when taken with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionBrussels SproutCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research suggests that Brussels sprout can induce cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionPhellodendron ExtractDextromethorphan (robitussin Dm, Others), Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron may increase serum levels of dextromethorphan.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionGojiCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionPanax GinsengCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionAshwagandha ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Some animal studies have reported that ashwagandha can enhance serotonergic transmission by altering certain serotonin (5-HT) receptors.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionThyme Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining garcinia with other serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionSameSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking SAMe with serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonin syndrome and other serotonergic side effects.
Read the full Same + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionNutmeg Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, nutmeg might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionWormwoodCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionCoriander Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coriander might increase the risk of photosensitivity when taken with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Coriander Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionRhubarbNephrotoxic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, long-term use of anthraquinones from rhubarb might increase the risk of nephrotoxicity when used with nephrotoxic drugs.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionMilk Thistle ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionBergamot Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, topical bergamot essential oil might increase the risk of side effects when used along with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Bergamot Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionAlfalfaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionCabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionDandelionGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionMarjoram Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that marjoram extract can inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity.
Read the full Marjoram Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionTurmeric ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionGotu Kola ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionKey Lime Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Photosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionL-theanineSerotonergic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting.
Read the full L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PhenylpropanolamineMulti Symptom Cold Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 75 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
St. John's Wort ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Photosensitizing Drugs +2 Major
Pink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Dextromethorphan (robitussin Dm, Others) +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grapefruit juice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionTurmeric ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionDandelionCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionKey Lime Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Photosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Anticholinergic Drugs +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionMarjoram Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that marjoram extract can inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity.
Read the full Marjoram Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGotu Kola ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionWormwoodHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionPhellodendron ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBrussels SproutCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research suggests that Brussels sprout can induce cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionPanax GinsengStimulant Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax ginseng with stimulant drugs might increase the risk of adverse stimulant effects.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGojiCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, propolis might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may increase levels of drugs metabolized by glucuronidation.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape seed extract might increase the levels of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionCeleryAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others), Photosensitizing Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery juice might increase the effects and side effects of acetaminophen.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBlack CuminSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining serotonergic drugs with black seed might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionRhubarbHepatotoxic Drugs, Nephrotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of rhubarb with potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionCoriander Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coriander might increase the risk of photosensitivity when taken with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Coriander Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionMilk Thistle ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionCabbageCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBergamot Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, topical bergamot essential oil might increase the risk of side effects when used along with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Bergamot Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAlfalfaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAshwagandha ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP2D6 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionThyme Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Serotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionSameSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking SAMe with serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonin syndrome and other serotonergic side effects.
Read the full Same + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionNutmeg Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, nutmeg might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionL-theanineSerotonergic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting.
Read the full L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PseudoephedrineChildren's Tylenol Cold Plus Cough, Tylenol Cold Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 75 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
St. John's Wort ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, St.
Read the full St. John's Wort Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionPink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grapefruit juice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining garcinia with other serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionThyme Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionNutmeg Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of nutmeg and anticholinergic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of either agent.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionSameSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking SAMe with serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonin syndrome and other serotonergic side effects.
Read the full Same + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractSeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with drugs that lower the seizure threshold might increase the risk for convulsions.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionPanax GinsengCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionPhellodendron ExtractDextromethorphan (robitussin Dm, Others), Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron may increase serum levels of dextromethorphan.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionBrussels SproutGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
A cabbage and Brussels sprout-containing diet seems to boost elimination through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionGojiCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2D6 and reduce metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionDandelionGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionTurmeric ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionWormwoodCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionGotu Kola ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionKey Lime Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of lime oil with photosensitizing drugs may increase the risk of phototoxicity.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionMarjoram Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that marjoram extract can inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity.
Read the full Marjoram Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape juice might reduce the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionAshwagandha ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionBlack CuminSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining serotonergic drugs with black seed might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionCeleryCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionAlfalfaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionRhubarbHepatotoxic Drugs, Nephrotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of rhubarb with potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionMilk Thistle ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionBergamot Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, topical bergamot essential oil might increase the risk of side effects when used along with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Bergamot Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionCoriander Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coriander might increase the risk of photosensitivity when taken with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Coriander Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionCabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionL-theanineSerotonergic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting.
Read the full L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, SalicylamideRhinogesic GG
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 75 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
St. John's Wort ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Photosensitizing Drugs +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, St.
Read the full St. John's Wort Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionPink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Major
Interaction Summary
Grapefruit juice can increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionCabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionRhubarbHepatotoxic Drugs, Nephrotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of rhubarb with potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAlfalfaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionCoriander Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coriander might increase the risk of photosensitivity when taken with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Coriander Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionMilk Thistle ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBergamot Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, topical bergamot essential oil might increase the risk of side effects when used along with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Bergamot Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionKey Lime Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of lime oil with photosensitizing drugs may increase the risk of phototoxicity.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionDandelionGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionMarjoram Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that marjoram extract can inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity.
Read the full Marjoram Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionTurmeric ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionWormwoodCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionGotu Kola ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionSameSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking SAMe with serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonin syndrome and other serotonergic side effects.
Read the full Same + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionNutmeg Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, nutmeg might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionThyme Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining garcinia with other serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBrussels SproutAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others), Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
A cabbage and Brussels sprout-containing diet can increase metabolism and decrease levels of acetaminophen.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionPanax GinsengCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Stimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionPhellodendron ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionGojiCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionCeleryCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Photosensitizing Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBlack CuminSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining serotonergic drugs with black seed might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may increase levels of drugs metabolized by glucuronidation.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, propolis might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape juice might reduce the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAshwagandha ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionL-theanineSerotonergic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting.
Read the full L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, PhenylephrineAlka-Seltzer PLUS, Histex SR, Protid
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 75 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
St. John's Wort ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Photosensitizing Drugs +2 Major
Pink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Major
Interaction Summary
Grapefruit juice can increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionAshwagandha ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionNutmeg Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of nutmeg and anticholinergic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of either agent.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionSameSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking SAMe with serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonin syndrome and other serotonergic side effects.
Read the full Same + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionThyme Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Serotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionWormwoodHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionGotu Kola ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Anticholinergic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionMarjoram Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that marjoram extract can inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity.
Read the full Marjoram Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionKey Lime Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of lime oil with photosensitizing drugs may increase the risk of phototoxicity.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionTurmeric ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionDandelionCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionBergamot Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, topical bergamot essential oil might increase the risk of side effects when used along with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Bergamot Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionMilk Thistle ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionAlfalfaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionCabbageCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionRhubarbHepatotoxic Drugs, Nephrotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of rhubarb with potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionCoriander Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coriander might increase the risk of photosensitivity when taken with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Coriander Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractSeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with drugs that lower the seizure threshold might increase the risk for convulsions.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may increase levels of drugs metabolized by glucuronidation.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, propolis might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionPanax GinsengCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Stimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionGojiCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionBrussels SproutGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
A cabbage and Brussels sprout-containing diet seems to boost elimination through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionPhellodendron ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionBlack CuminSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining serotonergic drugs with black seed might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionCeleryAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others), Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery juice might increase the effects and side effects of acetaminophen.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionL-theanineSerotonergic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting.
Read the full L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, SalicylamideRhinogesic, Rhinogesic JR
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 75 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Major
Interaction Summary
Grapefruit juice can increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionSt. John's Wort ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Major
Feverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBlack CuminSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining serotonergic drugs with black seed might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionCeleryCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionMilk Thistle ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionCoriander Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coriander might increase the risk of photosensitivity when taken with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Coriander Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionCabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBergamot Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, topical bergamot essential oil might increase the risk of side effects when used along with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Bergamot Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAlfalfaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionRhubarbHepatotoxic Drugs, Nephrotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of rhubarb with potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionNutmeg Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of nutmeg and anticholinergic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of either agent.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionSameSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking SAMe with serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonin syndrome and other serotonergic side effects.
Read the full Same + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining garcinia with other serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionThyme Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAshwagandha ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionMarjoram Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that marjoram extract can inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity.
Read the full Marjoram Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Anticholinergic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionKey Lime Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Photosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionWormwoodCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionGotu Kola ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionDandelionGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionTurmeric ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionPanax GinsengStimulant Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax ginseng with stimulant drugs might increase the risk of adverse stimulant effects.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionGojiCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBrussels SproutAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others), Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
A cabbage and Brussels sprout-containing diet can increase metabolism and decrease levels of acetaminophen.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionPhellodendron ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Seizure Threshold Lowering Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape seed extract might increase the levels of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionL-theanineSerotonergic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting.
Read the full L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineAlumadrine, Conex, Sinadrin Max Strength, Sinulin
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 75 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Major
Interaction Summary
Grapefruit juice can increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionSt. John's Wort ExtractPhotosensitizing Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, St.
Read the full St. John's Wort Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Anticholinergic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may increase levels of drugs metabolized by glucuronidation.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, propolis might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAshwagandha ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Some animal studies have reported that ashwagandha can enhance serotonergic transmission by altering certain serotonin (5-HT) receptors.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionRhubarbHepatotoxic Drugs, Nephrotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of rhubarb with potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionMilk Thistle ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBergamot Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, topical bergamot essential oil might increase the risk of side effects when used along with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Bergamot Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionCoriander Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coriander might increase the risk of photosensitivity when taken with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Coriander Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionCabbageCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAlfalfaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionCeleryCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Photosensitizing Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBlack CuminSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining serotonergic drugs with black seed might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionThyme Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining garcinia with other serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionSameSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking SAMe with serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonin syndrome and other serotonergic side effects.
Read the full Same + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionNutmeg Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, nutmeg might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Seizure Threshold Lowering Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionTurmeric ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionWormwoodCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGotu Kola ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionKey Lime Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of lime oil with photosensitizing drugs may increase the risk of phototoxicity.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionMarjoram Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that marjoram extract can inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity.
Read the full Marjoram Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionDandelionGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionPhellodendron ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionPanax GinsengStimulant Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax ginseng with stimulant drugs might increase the risk of adverse stimulant effects.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGojiCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBrussels SproutCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research suggests that Brussels sprout can induce cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionL-theanineSerotonergic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting.
Read the full L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, OpiumHista-Derfule
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 81 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grapefruit juice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionSt. John's Wort ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, St.
Read the full St. John's Wort Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionGojiCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionPhellodendron ExtractCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionPanax GinsengStimulant Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax ginseng with stimulant drugs might increase the risk of adverse stimulant effects.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionBrussels SproutGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
A cabbage and Brussels sprout-containing diet seems to boost elimination through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionBlack CuminSerotonergic Drugs, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining serotonergic drugs with black seed might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might have additive effects when used with CNS depressants.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionCeleryAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others), Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery juice might increase the effects and side effects of acetaminophen.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionAshwagandha ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Cns Depressants +3 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Some animal studies have reported that ashwagandha can enhance serotonergic transmission by altering certain serotonin (5-HT) receptors.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might decrease the clinical effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape seed extract might increase the levels of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionMelissa Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of lemon balm might have additive effects with CNS depressant drugs.
Read the full Melissa Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may increase levels of drugs metabolized by glucuronidation.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionMilk Thistle ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionCoriander Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coriander might increase the risk of photosensitivity when taken with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Coriander Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionRhubarbHepatotoxic Drugs, Nephrotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of rhubarb with potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionBergamot Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, topical bergamot essential oil might increase the risk of side effects when used along with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Bergamot Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionAlfalfaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionCabbageCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionDandelionCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionTarragon Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Evidence from animal research suggests that tarragon essential oil can cause sedation and motor impairment when administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 mL/kg.
Read the full Tarragon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionTurmeric ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionWormwoodHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionGotu Kola ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionMarjoram Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that marjoram extract can inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity.
Read the full Marjoram Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionKey Lime Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of lime oil with photosensitizing drugs may increase the risk of phototoxicity.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionLaurel Essential OilCns Depressants, Narcotic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking bay leaf in large amounts may enhance the therapeutic and adverse effects of sedatives.
Read the full Laurel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionThyme Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Serotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionLavender Essential OilCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, lavender might potentiate the therapeutic effects and adverse effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Lavender Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionNutmeg Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cns Depressants +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, nutmeg might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionSameSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking SAMe with serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonin syndrome and other serotonergic side effects.
Read the full Same + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Seizure Threshold Lowering Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionL-theanineSerotonergic Drugs, Cns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting.
Read the full L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionGamma Aminobutyric AcidCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, GABA might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Gamma Aminobutyric Acid + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionMarigoldCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, calendula might have additive effects when used with CNS depressants, although this appears to be unlikely.
Read the full Marigold + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, PhenyltoloxamineNorel Plus
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 75 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
St. John's Wort ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, St.
Read the full St. John's Wort Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionPink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grapefruit juice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Seizure Threshold Lowering Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, propolis might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Anticholinergic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionCeleryPhotosensitizing Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery might increase the risk of photosensitivity reactions when taken with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionBlack CuminSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining serotonergic drugs with black seed might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionBrussels SproutGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
A cabbage and Brussels sprout-containing diet seems to boost elimination through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionPhellodendron ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionGojiCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionPanax GinsengCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Stimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionAshwagandha ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionNutmeg Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, nutmeg might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionSameSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking SAMe with serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonin syndrome and other serotonergic side effects.
Read the full Same + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining garcinia with other serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionThyme Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionCabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionRhubarbNephrotoxic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, long-term use of anthraquinones from rhubarb might increase the risk of nephrotoxicity when used with nephrotoxic drugs.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionCoriander Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coriander might increase the risk of photosensitivity when taken with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Coriander Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionMilk Thistle ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionBergamot Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, topical bergamot essential oil might increase the risk of side effects when used along with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Bergamot Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionAlfalfaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionTurmeric ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionDandelionGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionKey Lime Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Photosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionMarjoram Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that marjoram extract can inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity.
Read the full Marjoram Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionWormwoodHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionGotu Kola ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionL-theanineSerotonergic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting.
Read the full L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, PseudoephedrineAlka-Seltzer PLUS Liquid Gels, Children's Tylenol Cold, Codimal, Comtrex, Extra Strength Tylenol Allergy Sinus, Lorsin +3 more
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 75 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
St. John's Wort ExtractPhotosensitizing Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, St.
Read the full St. John's Wort Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionPink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grapefruit juice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionDandelionGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionTurmeric ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionGotu Kola ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionWormwoodHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionKey Lime Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of lime oil with photosensitizing drugs may increase the risk of phototoxicity.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionMarjoram Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that marjoram extract can inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity.
Read the full Marjoram Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Anticholinergic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionPhellodendron ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBrussels SproutCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research suggests that Brussels sprout can induce cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionGojiCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionPanax GinsengStimulant Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax ginseng with stimulant drugs might increase the risk of adverse stimulant effects.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape juice might reduce the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may increase levels of drugs metabolized by glucuronidation.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Seizure Threshold Lowering Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBlack CuminSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining serotonergic drugs with black seed might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionCeleryAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others), Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery juice might increase the effects and side effects of acetaminophen.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAlfalfaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionCabbageCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionRhubarbHepatotoxic Drugs, Nephrotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of rhubarb with potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionMilk Thistle ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBergamot Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, topical bergamot essential oil might increase the risk of side effects when used along with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Bergamot Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionCoriander Essential OilPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coriander might increase the risk of photosensitivity when taken with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Coriander Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAshwagandha ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Some animal studies have reported that ashwagandha can enhance serotonergic transmission by altering certain serotonin (5-HT) receptors.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionSameSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking SAMe with serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonin syndrome and other serotonergic side effects.
Read the full Same + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionNutmeg Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, nutmeg might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionThyme Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining garcinia with other serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionL-theanineSerotonergic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting.
Read the full L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, DextromethorphanTylenol Cough Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 69 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
St. John's Wort ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, St.
Read the full St. John's Wort Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionPink Grapefruit Essential OilDextromethorphan (robitussin Dm, Others), Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Grapefruit juice can increase blood levels of dextromethorphan, potentially increasing the effects and adverse effects of dextromethorphan.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape seed extract might increase the levels of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, propolis might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may increase levels of drugs metabolized by glucuronidation.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionCeleryCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionBlack CuminSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining serotonergic drugs with black seed might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionBrussels SproutGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
A cabbage and Brussels sprout-containing diet seems to boost elimination through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionPhellodendron ExtractDextromethorphan (robitussin Dm, Others), Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron may increase serum levels of dextromethorphan.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionGojiCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2D6 and reduce metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionPanax GinsengCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionAshwagandha ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Some animal studies have reported that ashwagandha can enhance serotonergic transmission by altering certain serotonin (5-HT) receptors.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Serotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionNutmeg Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, nutmeg might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionSameSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking SAMe with serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonin syndrome and other serotonergic side effects.
Read the full Same + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionRhubarbNephrotoxic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, long-term use of anthraquinones from rhubarb might increase the risk of nephrotoxicity when used with nephrotoxic drugs.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionMilk Thistle ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionCabbageCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionDandelionCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionTurmeric ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionGotu Kola ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionWormwoodHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionKey Lime Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionL-theanineSerotonergic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting.
Read the full L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionAcetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, PseudoephedrineVicks NyQuil
How Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 71 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
St. John's Wort ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Major
Pink Grapefruit Essential OilDextromethorphan (robitussin Dm, Others), Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Grapefruit juice can increase blood levels of dextromethorphan, potentially increasing the effects and adverse effects of dextromethorphan.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionNutmeg Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, nutmeg might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionSameSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking SAMe with serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonin syndrome and other serotonergic side effects.
Read the full Same + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining garcinia with other serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionThyme Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionWormwoodCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Seizure Threshold Lowering Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionPanax GinsengStimulant Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax ginseng with stimulant drugs might increase the risk of adverse stimulant effects.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionPhellodendron ExtractDextromethorphan (robitussin Dm, Others), Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron may increase serum levels of dextromethorphan.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBrussels SproutGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
A cabbage and Brussels sprout-containing diet seems to boost elimination through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionGojiCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2D6 and reduce metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionGotu Kola ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionKey Lime Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionDandelionGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionMarjoram Essential OilAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that marjoram extract can inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity.
Read the full Marjoram Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionTurmeric ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape seed extract might increase the levels of CYP2E1 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAshwagandha ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP2D6 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBlack CuminSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining serotonergic drugs with black seed might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionCeleryAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others), Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery juice might increase the effects and side effects of acetaminophen.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionCabbageAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others), Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Cabbage might increase clearance and reduce the effects of acetaminophen.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionMilk Thistle ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionRhubarbHepatotoxic Drugs, Nephrotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of rhubarb with potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionL-theanineSerotonergic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting.
Read the full L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, PhenylephrineConar-A
How Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interacts with intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor — through 69 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
St. John's Wort ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, St.
Read the full St. John's Wort Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionPink Grapefruit Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grapefruit juice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Pink Grapefruit Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionMilk Thistle ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Read the full Milk Thistle Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionFrankincense Essential OilCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Frankincense Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionCabbageCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionBuchu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin.
Read the full Buchu Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionBilberry ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Bilberry Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionGlucomannanOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionWhite Peony ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full White Peony Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionRhubarbNephrotoxic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, long-term use of anthraquinones from rhubarb might increase the risk of nephrotoxicity when used with nephrotoxic drugs.
Read the full Rhubarb + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionClove Essential OilCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Clove Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionEpimedium Saggittatum ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Epimedium Saggittatum Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionPeppermint Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionWormwoodHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Wormwood + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionGotu Kola ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionKey Lime Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Key Lime Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionDalmatian Sage Essential OilCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Dalmatian Sage Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionTurmeric ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionKudzu ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionDandelionCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionFennel Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionBeet FiberCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Beet Fiber + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionAcaciaOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Acacia + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionBioflavonoid ComplexCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bioflavonoid Complex + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionGinkgo Biloba ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionNoni ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Noni Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionBlack Pepper Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionParsleyCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionSameSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking SAMe with serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonin syndrome and other serotonergic side effects.
Read the full Same + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionNutmeg Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, nutmeg might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Nutmeg Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionGarcinia Cambogia ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining garcinia with other serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome.
Read the full Garcinia Cambogia Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionLicorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionSpearmint Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Spearmint Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionPanax GinsengCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionGojiCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2D6 and reduce metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionBrussels SproutCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Animal research suggests that Brussels sprout can induce cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity.
Read the full Brussels Sprout + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionPhellodendron ExtractDextromethorphan (robitussin Dm, Others), Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phellodendron may increase serum levels of dextromethorphan.
Read the full Phellodendron Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionCinnamon Essential OilHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Cinnamon Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionCauliflowerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%.
Read the full Cauliflower + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionEleuthero ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Eleuthero Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionBlack CherryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Black Cherry + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionBlack CuminSerotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining serotonergic drugs with black seed might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders.
Read the full Black Cumin + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionCeleryCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, celery might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Celery + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionFeverfew ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Feverfew Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionBee PropolisCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Bee Propolis + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionSchisandra ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionUva Ursi Dried ExtractGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may increase levels of drugs metabolized by glucuronidation.
Read the full Uva Ursi Dried Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionGrape Seed OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Grape Seed Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionPomegranate ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Pomegranate Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionCat’s ClawCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat’s Claw + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionSlippery Elm ExtractOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionGinger Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionAshwagandha ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Ashwagandha Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionRoman Chamomile Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Roman Chamomile Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionCranberryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionRosemary Essential OilCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Rosemary Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionAloe Vera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionGlucosamine SulfateAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Read the full Glucosamine Sulfate + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionMarshmallow ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionPassion Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionVitamin CAcetaminophen (tylenol, Others) Minor
Interaction Summary
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
Read the full Vitamin C + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionTangerine Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionL-theanineSerotonergic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting.
Read the full L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionVitamin DCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Marshmallow extract
Lithium
Theoretically, due to potential diuretic effects, marshmallow might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Marshmallow is thought to have diuretic properties. To avoid lithium toxicity, the dose of lithium might need to be decreased when used with marshmallow.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, marshmallow flower might have antiplatelet effects.
Animal research suggests that marshmallow flower extract has antiplatelet effects. However, the root and leaf of marshmallow, not the flower, are the plant parts most commonly found in dietary supplements. Theoretically, use of marshmallow flower with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs can have additive effects, and might increase the risk for bleeding in some patients.
Oral Drugs
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Marshmallow contains mucilage which can affect oral drug absorption. To avoid changes in absorption, take marshmallow 30-60 minutes after oral medications.
Acacia
Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox)
Gum arabic can reduce the absorption of amoxicillin.
A small study in healthy volunteers shows that taking amoxicillin and gum arabic concurrently significantly reduces the absorption of amoxicillin. Separate doses of amoxicillin from gum arabic by at least 2 hours.
Oral Drugs
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Gum arabic has been used as a suspending osmotic agent in drug formulations. It might improve bioavailability of water-insoluble drugs like naproxen, but reduce absorption of polar drugs like amoxicillin. To avoid changes in absorption, take gum arabic 30-60 minutes after oral medications.
Glucomannan
Oral Drugs
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Due to its viscosity and bulking effects, there is concern that glucomannan can decrease the absorption of oral drugs. A small clinical study in healthy volunteers shows that taking glyburide 2.5 mg plus glucomannan 3.9 grams with breakfast reduces plasma levels of glyburide when compared with breakfast and glyburide alone. In addition, animal research demonstrates this effect on amoxicillin, but shows increased absorption of metronidazole. This mouse model also demonstrates that metronidazole elimination is prolonged, but amoxicillin elimination is enhanced by 38%; glucomannan may also affect the distribution of some drugs. To avoid changes in absorption, take glucomannan 30-60 minutes after taking oral drugs.
Slippery Elm extract
Oral Drugs
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Slippery elm inner bark contains mucilage, which may interfere with the absorption of orally administered drugs.
Ashwagandha extract
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
There is preliminary clinical evidence suggesting that ashwagandha might lower blood glucose levels. Theoretically, ashwagandha might have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Animal research suggests that ashwagandha might lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Theoretically, ashwagandha might have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs and increase the risk of hypotension.
Benzodiazepines
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of benzodiazepines.
There is preliminary evidence that ashwagandha might have an additive effect with diazepam (Valium) and clonazepam (Klonopin). This may also occur with other benzodiazepines.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Ashwagandha seems to have sedative effects. Theoretically, this may potentiate the effects of barbiturates, other sedatives, and anxiolytics.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Ashwagandha has been linked to cases of acute hepatitis, liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy, autoimmune hepatitis, the need for liver transplantation, and death due to liver failure.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might decrease the effects of immunosuppressants.
Ashwagandha has demonstrated immunostimulant effects in humans. Animal research has shown that ashwagandha can attenuate the immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide.
Thyroid Hormone
Ashwagandha might increase the effects and adverse effects of thyroid hormone.
Concomitant use of ashwagandha with thyroid hormones may cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects. Preliminary clinical research and animal studies suggest that ashwagandha boosts thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. In one clinical study, ashwagandha increased triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels by 41.5% and 19.6%, respectively, and reduced serum TSH levels by 17.4% from baseline in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ashwagandha extract induces CYP1A2 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ashwagandha extract induces CYP3A4 enzymes.
Serotonergic Drugs
Some animal studies have reported that ashwagandha can enhance serotonergic transmission by altering certain serotonin (5-HT) receptors. However, there is no evidence to suggest that ashwagandha increases the risk of serotonin-related effects, and there have been no published case reports of serotonin syndrome when combined with other serotonergic drugs. Nevertheless, due to the lack of extensive studies on the matter and the fact that ashwagandha appears to affect serotonergic pathways, it would be prudent to exercise caution when combining it with drugs that affect serotonin. [References: - Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwaga ndha) on Stress and the Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2021 Sep 14; 19: 1468–1495. - A Prospective, Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Safety and Efficacy of a High-Concentration Full-Spectrum Extract of Ashwagandha Root in Reducing Stress and Anxiety in Adults. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3573577/]
Dalmatian Sage essential oil
Anticholinergic Drugs
Theoretically, sage might decrease the clinical effects of anticholinergic drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that common sage (Salvia officinalis) and Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia) can inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels.
Anticonvulsants
Theoretically, sage might interfere with the clinical effects of anticonvulsant drugs.
Some species of sage can cause convulsions when consumed in large quantities.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking sage with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes, common sage (Salvia officinalis) has demonstrated hypoglycemic activity. However, other clinical research in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes shows that common sage extract does not lower fasting blood glucose levels.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, sage might increase or decrease the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research suggests that common sage (Salvia officinalis) can cause prolonged blood pressure reduction. However, clinical research suggests that Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia) can increase blood pressure in some people with hypertension. Until more is known, use with caution.
Benzodiazepines
Theoretically, taking sage might increase the sedative and adverse effects of benzodiazepines.
In vitro evidence suggests that certain components of common sage (Salvia officinalis) can bind to benzodiazepine receptors. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cholinergic Drugs
Theoretically, sage might have additive effects when used with cholinergic drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that common sage (Salvia officinalis) and Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia) can inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, taking sage might increase the sedative and adverse effects of CNS depressants.
Some constituents of sage have CNS depressant activity.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro evidence suggests that aqueous extracts of sage can inhibit CYP2C19. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro evidence suggests that aqueous extracts of sage can inhibit CYP2C9. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro evidence suggests that aqueous extracts of sage can inhibit CYP2D6. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates
Theoretically, sage might decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Animal research suggests that drinking common sage (Salvia officinalis) tea increases the expression of CYP2E1. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro evidence suggests that aqueous extracts of sage can inhibit CYP3A4. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Estrogens
Theoretically, sage might interfere with hormone therapy.
In vitro evidence suggests that geraniol, a constituent of Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia), exerts estrogenic activity. The clinical significance of this effect is unclear.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, sage might increase levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
In vitro research suggests that common sage (Salvia officinalis) can inhibit the multi-drug transporter protein, P-glycoprotein. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Ginkgo biloba extract
Talinolol
Taking ginkgo with talinolol seems to increase blood levels of talinolol.
There is some evidence that using ginkgo leaf extract 120 mg orally three times daily for 14 days can increase levels of talinolol by 36% in healthy male individuals. However, single doses of ginkgo do not seem to affect talinolol pharmacokinetics.
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease the levels and clinical effects of alprazolam.
In clinical research, ginkgo extract (Ginkgold) 120 mg twice daily seems to decrease alprazolam levels by about 17%. However, ginkgo does not appear to decrease the elimination half-life of alprazolam. This suggests that ginkgo is more likely to decrease absorption of alprazolam rather than induce hepatic metabolism of alprazolam.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Ginkgo has been shown to increase the risk of bleeding in some people when taken with warfarin. Theoretically, ginkgo might increase the risk of bleeding if used with other anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Several pharmacodynamic studies suggest that ginkgo inhibits platelet aggregation. It is thought that the ginkgo constituent, ginkgolide B, displaces platelet-activating factor (PAF) from its binding sites, decreasing blood coagulation. Several case reports have documented serious bleeding events in patients taking ginkgo. However, population and clinical studies have produced mixed results. Some evidence shows that short-term use of ginkgo leaf does not significantly reduce platelet aggregation and blood clotting. A study in healthy males who took a specific ginkgo leaf extract (EGb 761) 160 mg twice daily for 7 days found no change in prothrombin time. An analysis of a large medical record database suggests that ginkgo increases the risk of a bleeding adverse event by 38% when taken concurrently with warfarin. It has been suggested that ginkgo has to be taken for at least 2-3 weeks to have a significant effect on platelet aggregation. However, a meta-analysis of 18 studies using standardized ginkgo extracts, 80-480 mg daily for up to 32 weeks, did not find a significant effect on platelet aggregation, fibrinogen concentration, or PT/aPTT. In addition, a single dose of ginkgo plus clopidogrel or ticlopidine does not seem to significantly increase bleeding time or platelet aggregation. Also, taking ginkgo leaf extract daily for 8 days in conjunction with rivaroxaban does not affect anti-factor Xa activity; however, this study did not evaluate bleeding time.
Anticonvulsants
Theoretically, ginkgo might reduce the effectiveness of anticonvulsants.
Ginkgo seeds contain ginkgotoxin. Large amounts of ginkgotoxin can cause neurotoxicity and seizure. Ginkgotoxin is present in much larger amounts in ginkgo seeds than leaves. Ginkgo leaf extract contains trace amounts of ginkgotoxin. The amount of ginkgotoxin in ginkgo leaf and leaf extract seems unlikely to cause toxicity. However, there are anecdotal reports of seizure occurring after use of ginkgo leaf both in patients without a history of seizure disorder and in those with previously well-controlled epilepsy.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with antidiabetes drugs might alter the response to antidiabetes drugs.
Ginkgo leaf extract seems to alter insulin secretion and metabolism, and might affect blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes. The effect of ginkgo seems to differ depending on the insulin and treatment status of the patient. In diet-controlled diabetes patients with hyperinsulinemia, taking ginkgo does not seem to significantly affect insulin or blood glucose levels. In patients with hyperinsulinemia who are treated with oral hypoglycemic agents, taking ginkgo seems to decrease insulin levels and increase blood glucose following an oral glucose tolerance test. Researchers speculate that this could be due to ginkgo-enhanced hepatic metabolism of insulin. In patients with pancreatic exhaustion, taking ginkgo seems to stimulate pancreatic beta-cells, resulting in increased insulin and C-peptide levels, but with no significant change in blood glucose levels in response to an oral glucose tolerance test.
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease the levels and clinical effects of atorvastatin.
In humans, intake of ginkgo extract appears to increase atorvastatin clearance, reducing the area under the curve of atorvastatin by 10% to 14% and the maximum concentration by 29%. However, this interaction does not appear to affect cholesterol synthesis and absorption. Further, a model in rats with hyperlipidemia suggests that administering ginkgo extract does not impact blood levels of atorvastatin and leads to lower total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides when compared with rats given atorvastatin alone.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Laboratory research suggests that ginkgo leaf extract can mildly inhibit CYP1A2 enzymes. However, clinical research suggests ginkgo might not affect CYP1A2. Until more is known, use ginkgo cautiously in patients taking drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Some clinical research shows that a specific ginkgo leaf extract (Remembrance, Herbs Product LTD) 140 mg twice daily can induce CYP2C19 enzymes and potentially decrease levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes. However, other clinical research shows that taking ginkgo 120 mg twice daily for 12 days has no effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro, a specific standardized extract of ginkgo leaf (EGb 761) inhibits CYP2C9 activity . The terpenoid (ginkgolides) and flavonoid (quercetin, kaempferol, etc.) constituents seem to be responsible for this effect. Most ginkgo extracts contain some amount of these constituents. Therefore, other ginkgo leaf extracts might also inhibit the CYP2C9 enzyme. However, clinical research suggests that ginkgo might not have a significant effect on CYP2C9 in humans. Ginkgo does not seem to significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of CYP2C9 substrates diclofenac or tolbutamide.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
There is conflicting evidence about whether ginkgo induces or inhibits CYP3A4. Ginkgo does not appear to affect hepatic CYP3A4. However, it is not known if ginkgo affects intestinal CYP3A4. Preliminary clinical research suggests that taking ginkgo does not significantly affect levels of donepezil, lopinavir, or ritonavir, which are all CYP3A4 substrates. Other clinical research also suggests ginkgo does not significantly affect CYP3A4 activity. However, there are two case reports of decreased efavirenz concentrations and increased viral load in patients taking ginkgo. It is suspected that terpenoids from the ginkgo extract reduced drug levels by inducing cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Efavirenz (Sustiva)
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease the levels and clinical effects of efavirenz.
There are two case reports of decreased efavirenz concentrations and increased viral load in patients taking ginkgo. In one case, an HIV-positive male experienced over a 50% decrease in efavirenz levels over the course of 14 months while taking ginkgo extract. HIV-1 RNA copies also increased substantially, from less than 50 to more than 1500. It is suspected that terpenoids from the ginkgo extract reduced drug levels by inducing cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). In another case report, a patient stable on antiviral therapy including efavirenz for 10 years, had an increase in viral load from <50 copies/mL to 1350 copies/mL after 2 months of taking a combination of supplements including ginkgo. After stopping ginkgo, the viral load was again controlled with the same antiviral therapy regimen.
Ibuprofen (Advil, Others)
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase the risk of bleeding when used with ibuprofen.
Ginkgo might have antiplatelet effects and has been associated with several case reports of spontaneous bleeding. In one case, a 71-year-old male had taken a specific ginkgo extract (Gingium, Biocur) 40 mg twice daily for 2.5 years. About 4 weeks after starting ibuprofen 600 mg daily he experienced a fatal intracerebral hemorrhage. However, the antiplatelet effects of ginkgo have been questioned. A meta-analysis and other studies have not found a significant antiplatelet effect with standardized ginkgo extracts, 80 mg to 480 mg taken daily for up to 32 weeks.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with P-glycoprotein substrates might increase the levels and adverse effects of these substrates.
A small clinical study in healthy volunteers shows that using ginkgo leaf extract 120 mg orally three times daily for 14 days can increase levels of the P-glycoprotein substrate, talinolol, by 36% in healthy male individuals. However, single doses of ginkgo do not have the same effect.
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with risperidone might increase the levels and adverse effects of risperidone.
A single case of priapism has been reported for a 26-year-old male with schizophrenia who used risperidone 3 mg daily along with ginkgo extract 160 mg daily. Risperidone is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and CYP3A4. CYP3A4 activity might be affected by ginkgo. Theoretically, ginkgo may inhibit the metabolism of risperidone and increase the risk of adverse effects.
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease the levels and clinical effects of rosiglitazone.
Animal research shows that ginkgo leaf extract orally 100 or 200 mg/kg daily for 10 days alters the pharmacodynamics of rosiglitazone in a dose-dependent manner. The 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses reduce the area under the concentration time curve (AUC) of rosiglitazone by 39% and 52%, respectively, and the half-life by 28% and 39%, respectively. It is hypothesized that these changes may be due to induction of cytochrome P450 2C8 by ginkgo.
Seizure Threshold Lowering Drugs
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with drugs that lower the seizure threshold might increase the risk for convulsions.
Ginkgo seeds contain ginkgotoxin. Large amounts of ginkgotoxin can cause neurotoxicity and seizure. Ginkgotoxin is present in much larger amounts in ginkgo seeds than leaves. Ginkgo leaf extract contains trace amounts of ginkgotoxin. The amount of ginkgotoxin in ginkgo leaf and leaf extract seems unlikely to cause toxicity. However, there are anecdotal reports of seizure occurring after use of ginkgo leaf both in patients without a history of seizure disorder and in those with previously well-controlled epilepsy.
Simvastatin (Zocor)
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease the levels and clinical effects of simvastatin.
Clinical research shows that taking ginkgo extract can reduce the area under the curve and maximum concentration of simvastatin by 32% to 39%. However, ginkgo extract does not seem to affect the cholesterol-lowering ability of simvastatin.
Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi)
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase the levels and clinical effects of sofosbuvir.
Animal research in rats shows that giving a ginkgo extract 25 mg/kg orally daily for 14 days increases the area under the concentration time curve (AUC) after a single sofosbuvir dose of 40 mg/kg by 11%, increases the half-life by 60%, and increases the plasma concentration at 4 hours by 38%. This interaction appears to be related to the inhibition of intestinal P-glycoprotein by ginkgo.
Tacrolimus (Prograf)
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase the blood levels of tacrolimus.
In vitro evidence suggests that certain biflavonoids in ginkgo leaves (i.e. amentoflavone, ginkgetin, bilobetin) may inhibit the metabolism of tacrolimus by up to 50%. This interaction appears to be time-dependent and due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 by these bioflavonoids. In rats given tacrolimus 1 mg/kg orally, amentoflavone was shown to increase the area under the concentration time curve (AUC) of tacrolimus by 3.8-fold.
Trazodone (Desyrel)
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase the levels and clinical effects of trazodone.
In a case report, an Alzheimer patient taking trazodone 20 mg twice daily and ginkgo leaf extract 80 mg twice daily for four doses became comatose. The coma was reversed by administration of flumazenil (Romazicon). Coma might have been induced by excessive GABA-ergic activity. Ginkgo flavonoids are thought to have GABA-ergic activity and act directly on benzodiazepine receptors. Ginkgo might also increase metabolism of trazodone to active GABA-ergic metabolites, possibly by inducing cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) metabolism.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Ginkgo has been shown to increase the risk of bleeding in some people when taken with warfarin.
Several pharmacodynamic studies suggest that ginkgo inhibits platelet aggregation. It is thought that the ginkgo constituent, ginkgolide B, displaces platelet-activating factor (PAF) from its binding sites, decreasing blood coagulation. Several case reports have documented serious bleeding events in patients taking ginkgo. Information from a medical database suggests that when taken concurrently with warfarin, ginkgo increases the risk of a bleeding adverse event by 38%. There is also some evidence that ginkgo leaf extract can inhibit cytochrome P450 2C9, an enzyme that metabolizes warfarin. This could result in increased warfarin levels. However, population and clinical research has produced mixed results. Clinical research in healthy people suggests that ginkgo has no effect on INR, or the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of warfarin. A meta-analysis of 18 studies using standardized ginkgo extracts, 80 mg to 480 mg daily for up to 32 weeks, did not find a significant effect on platelet aggregation, fibrinogen concentration, or PT/aPTT. There is also some preliminary clinical research that suggests ginkgo might not significantly increase the effects of warfarin in patients that have a stable INR.
Nifedipine (Procardia)
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with oral, but not intravenous, nifedipine might increase levels and adverse effects of nifedipine.
Animal research and some clinical evidence suggests that taking ginkgo leaf extract orally in combination with oral nifedipine might increase nifedipine levels and cause increased side effects, such as headaches, dizziness, and hot flushes. However, taking ginkgo orally does not seem to affect the pharmacokinetics of intravenous nifedipine.
Omeprazole (Prilosec)
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with omeprazole might decrease the levels and clinical effects of omeprazole.
Clinical research shows that a specific ginkgo leaf extract (Remembrance, Herbs Product LTD) 140 mg twice daily can induce cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 enzymes and decrease levels of omeprazole by about 27% to 42%.
Bioflavonoid Complex
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of quercetin and antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research suggests that a combination of quercetin, myricetin, and chlorogenic acid reduce levels of fasting glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes, including those already taking antidiabetes agents. The effect of quercetin alone is unknown.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, taking quercetin with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Quercetin can modestly decrease blood pressure in people with mild hypertension. Theoretically, it might have additive blood pressure lowering effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of cyclosporine.
A small study in healthy volunteers shows that pretreatment with quercetin increases plasma levels and prolongs the half-life of a single dose of cyclosporine, possibly due to inhibition of p-glycoprotein or cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), which metabolizes cyclosporin.
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (Cyp2C8) Substrates
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C8 substrates.
In vitro research shows that quercetin inhibits CYP2C8. Inhibition of paclitaxel (Taxol) metabolism via CYP2C8 has been reported in vitro. However, a small study in humans found no effect of quercetin on rosiglitazone (Avandia), which is also a CYP2C8 substrate.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
A small clinical study in healthy volunteers shows that taking quercetin 500 mg twice daily for 10 days prior to taking diclofenac, a CYP2C9 substrate, increases diclofenac plasma levels by 75% and prolongs the half-life by 32.5%. Animal research also shows that pretreatment with quercetin increases plasma levels and prolongs the half-life of losartan (Cozaar), a substrate of CYP2C9. Furthermore, laboratory research shows that quercetin inhibits CYP2C9.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2D6 substrates.
In vitro research show that quercetin inhibits CYP2D6. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
A small clinical study in healthy volunteers shows that pretreatment with quercetin increases plasma levels and prolongs the half-life of a single dose of cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), a substrate of CYP3A4. Animal research also shows that pretreatment with quercetin increases plasma levels and prolongs the half-life of losartan (Cozaar) and quetiapine (Seroquel), substrates of CYP3A4. Other laboratory research also shows that quercetin inhibits CYP3A4. However, one clinical study shows that quercetin can increase the metabolism of midazolam, a substrate of CYP3A4, and decrease serum concentrations of midazolam by about 24% in some healthy individuals, suggesting possible induction of CYP3A4.
Diclofenac (Voltaren, Others)
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of diclofenac.
A small clinical study in healthy volunteers shows that taking quercetin 500 mg twice daily for 10 days prior to taking diclofenac increases diclofenac plasma levels by 75% and prolongs the half-life by 32.5%. This is thought to be due to inhibition of CYP2C9 by quercetin.
Losartan (Cozaar)
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of losartan and decrease the effects of its active metabolite.
Animal research shows that pretreatment with quercetin increases plasma levels and prolongs the half-life of losartan (Cozaar) while decreasing plasma levels of losartan's active metabolite. This metabolite, which is around 10-fold more potent than losartan, is the result of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9- and CYP3A4-mediated transformation of losartan. Additionally, in vitro research shows that quercetin may inhibit P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux of losartan from the intestines, resulting in increased absorption of losartan. These results suggest that concomitant use of quercetin and losartan might increase systemic exposure to losartan while also decreasing plasma concentrations of losartan's active and more potent metabolite.
Midazolam (Versed)
Theoretically, concomitant use might decrease the levels and effects of midazolam.
A small clinical study in healthy volunteers shows that quercetin can increase the metabolism of midazolam, with a decrease in AUC of about 24%.
Mitoxantrone
Theoretically, quercetin might increase the effects and adverse effects of mitoxantrone.
In vitro research shows that quercetin increases the intracellular accumulation and cytotoxicity of mitoxantrone, possibly through inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), of which mitoxantrone is a substrate. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Organic Anion Transporter 1 (Oat1) Substrates
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of OAT1 substrates.
In vitro research shows that quercetin is a strong non-competitive inhibitor of OAT1, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values less than 10 mcM. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Organic Anion Transporter 3 (Oat3) Substrates
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of OAT3 substrates.
In vitro research shows that quercetin is a strong non-competitive inhibitor of OAT3, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values as low as 0.75 mcM. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of OATP substrates.
In vitro evidence shows that quercetin can inhibit organic anion-transporting peptide (OATP) 1B1-mediated uptake of estrone-3-sulfate and pravastatin. Furthermore, clinical research in healthy males shows that intake of quercetin along with pravastatin increases the AUC of pravastatin by 24%, prolongs its half-life by 14%, and decreases its apparent clearance by 18%, suggesting that quercetin modestly inhibits the uptake of pravastatin in hepatic cells.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of P-glycoprotein substrates.
There is preliminary evidence that quercetin inhibits the gastrointestinal P-glycoprotein efflux pump, which might increase the bioavailability and serum levels of drugs transported by the pump. A small study in healthy volunteers reported that pretreatment with quercetin increased bioavailability and plasma levels after a single dose of cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune). Also, two small studies have shown that quercetin might decrease the absorption of talinolol, a substrate transported by the gastrointestinal P-glycoprotein efflux pump. However, in another small study, several days of quercetin treatment did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of saquinavir (Invirase). The reason for these discrepancies is not entirely clear. Until more is known, use quercetin cautiously in combination with P-glycoprotein substrates.
Pravastatin (Pravachol)
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of pravastatin.
In vitro evidence shows that quercetin can inhibit OATP 1B1-mediated uptake of pravastatin. Also, preliminary clinical research in healthy males shows that intake of quercetin along with pravastatin increases the maximum concentration of pravastatin by 24%, prolongs its half-life by 14%, and decreases its apparent clearance by 18%, suggesting that quercetin modestly inhibits the uptake of pravastatin in hepatic cells.
Prazosin (Minipress)
Theoretically, quercetin might increase the effects and adverse effects of prazosin.
In vitro research shows that quercetin inhibits the transcellular efflux of prazosin, possibly through inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), of which prazosin is a substrate. BCRP is an ATP-binding cassette efflux transporter in the intestines, kidneys, and liver. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Quetiapine (Seroquel)
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of quetiapine.
Animal research shows that pretreatment with quercetin can increase plasma levels of quetiapine and prolong its clearance, possibly due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) by quercetin. Additionally, the brain-to-plasma ratio of quetiapine concentrations increased, possibly due to inhibition of P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Theoretically, concomitant use might inhibit the effects of quinolone antibiotics.
In vitro, quercetin binds to the DNA gyrase site on bacteria, which may interfere with the activity of quinolone antibiotics.
Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
Theoretically, quercetin might increase the effects and adverse effects of sulfasalazine.
Animal research shows that quercetin increases the maximum serum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) of sulfasalazine, possibly through inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), of which sulfasalazine is a substrate. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, quercetin may increase the risk of bleeding if used with warfarin.
Animal and in vitro studies show that quercetin might increase serum levels of warfarin. Quercetin and warfarin have the same human serum albumin (HSA) binding site, and in vitro research shows that quercetin has stronger affinity for the HSA binding site and can theoretically displace warfarin, causing higher serum levels of warfarin. Animal research shows that taking quercetin for 2 weeks before initiating warfarin increases the maximum serum level of warfarin by 30%, the half-life by 10%, and the overall exposure by 63% when compared with control. Concomitant administration of quercetin and warfarin, without quercetin pre-treatment, also increased these measures, but to a lesser degree. Researchers theorize that inhibition of CYP3A4 by quercetin may explain these effects. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Phellodendron extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Phellodendron contains berberine. In vitro and in vivo research suggest that berberine can inhibit platelet aggregation. Theoretically, phellodendron might also inhibit platelet aggregation.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, phellodendron may increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Phellodendron contains berberine. Clinical research shows that berberine may lower blood glucose levels. Theoretically, phellodendron might also lower blood glucose levels.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, phellodendron might have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs.
Phellodendron contains berberine. Animal research suggests that berberine can have hypotensive effects. Also, a clinical study suggests that taking berberine in combination with amlodipine can lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure when compared with amlodipine alone. Theoretically, phellodendron might also reduce blood pressure.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Phellodendron contains berberine. Animal research suggests that berberine may have sedative effects. Theoretically, phellodendron might also have CNS depressants effects.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase blood levels of cyclosporine.
Phellodendron contains berberine. Preliminary clinical research shows that berberine can reduce metabolism of cyclosporine and increase serum levels, likely through inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), which metabolizes cyclosporine. Theoretically, phellodendron might also reduce the metabolism of cyclosporine.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Phellodendron contains berberine. Preliminary clinical research shows that berberine can inhibit CYP2C9. Theoretically, phellodendron might also inhibit CYP2C9.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Phellodendron contains berberine. In vitro research and preliminary clinical evidence show that berberine can inhibit CYP2D6. Theoretically, phellodendron might also inhibit CYP2D6.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Phellodendron contains berberine. In vitro research and preliminary clinical research show that berberine moderately inhibits CYP3A4. Theoretically, phellodendron might also inhibit CYP3A4.
Dextromethorphan (Robitussin Dm, Others)
Theoretically, phellodendron may increase serum levels of dextromethorphan.
Phellodendron contains berberine. Preliminary clinical research shows that berberine can inhibit cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) activity and reduce the metabolism of dextromethorphan. Theoretically, phellodendron may also inhibit the metabolism of dextromethorphan.
Losartan (Cozaar)
Theoretically, phellodendron might reduce the therapeutic effects of losartan by decreasing its conversion to its active form.
Phellodendron contains berberine. Preliminary clinical research suggests that berberine can inhibit cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) activity and reduce metabolism of losartan. Theoretically, phellodendron might also inhibit the metabolism of losartan.
Metformin (Glucophage)
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase the therapeutic and adverse effects of metformin.
Phellodendron contains berberine. In vitro and animal studies show that berberine can increase the systemic exposure and half-life of metformin, potentially increasing metformin's effects and side effects. This interaction seems to be most apparent when berberine is administered 2 hours prior to metformin. Taking berberine and metformin at the same time does not appear to increase systemic exposure to metformin. It is unclear if phellodendron might have this same effect.
Midazolam (Versed)
Theoretically, phellodendron might reduce metabolism of midazolam, which might increase the risk of severe adverse effects.
Phellodendron contains berberine. Preliminary clinical research shows that berberine can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity and reduce metabolism of midazolam. Theoretically, phellodendron might also inhibit the metabolism of midazolam.
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase the sedative effect of pentobarbital.
Phellodendron contains berberine. Animal research shows that berberine can prolong pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. Theoretically, phellodendron might increase the sedative effects of pentobarbital.
Tacrolimus (Prograf)
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase blood levels of tacrolimus.
Phellodendron contains berberine. In a 16-year-old patient with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome who was being treated with tacrolimus 6.5 mg twice daily, intake of berberine 200 mg three times daily increased the blood concentration of tacrolimus from 8 to 22 ng/mL. Following a reduction of the tacrolimus dose to 3 mg daily, blood levels of tacrolimus decreased to 12 ng/mL. It is unclear if phellodendron might have this same effect.
St. John's Wort extract
Alprazolam (Xanax)
St. John's wort increases the clearance of alprazolam and decreases its effects.
Alprazolam, which is used as a probe for cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity, has a two-fold increase in clearance when given with St. John's wort. St. John's wort reduces the half-life of alprazolam from 12.4 hours to 6 hours.
Contraceptive Drugs
St. John's wort increases the clearance of contraceptive drugs and reduces their clinical effects.
Females taking St. John's wort and oral contraceptives concurrently should use an additional or alternative form of birth control. St. John's wort can decrease norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol levels by 13% to 15%, resulting in breakthrough bleeding, irregular menstrual bleeding, or unplanned pregnancy. Bleeding irregularities usually occur within a week of starting St. John's wort and regular cycles usually return when St. John's wort is discontinued. Unplanned pregnancy has occurred with concurrent use of oral contraceptives and St. John's wort extract. St. John's wort is thought to induce the cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), 2C9 (CYP2C9), and 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes, which are responsible for metabolism of progestins and estrogens in contraceptives.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
St. John's wort reduces the levels and clinical effects of cyclosporine.
Concomitant use can decrease plasma cyclosporine levels by 30% to 70%. Using St. John's wort with cyclosporine in patients with heart, kidney, or liver transplants can cause subtherapeutic cyclosporine levels and acute transplant rejection. This interaction has occurred with a St. John's wort extract standardized to 0.3% hypericin and dosed at 300-600 mg per day. Withdrawal of St. John's wort can result in a 64% increase in cyclosporine levels. St. John's wort induces cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and the multi-drug transporter, P-glycoprotein/MDR-1, which increases cyclosporine clearance.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
St. John's wort increases the metabolism and reduces the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
St. John's wort induces CYP3A4 enzymes and increases metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates. Clinically significant interactions have been reported with St. John's wort products containing hyperforin 1 mg or more.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
St. John's wort reduces the levels and clinical effects of digoxin.
St. John's wort can reduce the bioavailability, serum levels, and therapeutic effects of digoxin. Taking an extract of St. John's wort 900 mg, containing hyperforin 7.5 mg or more, daily for 10-14 days, can reduce serum digoxin levels by 25% in healthy people. St. John's wort is thought to affect the multidrug transporter, P-glycoprotein, which mediates the absorption and elimination of digoxin and other drugs. St. John's wort products providing less than 7.5 mg of hyperforin daily do not appear to affect digoxin levels.
Docetaxel (Taxotere)
St. John's wort reduces the levels and clinical effects of docetaxel.
Clinical research shows that taking a specific St. John's wort product (Hyperiplant, VSM) 300 mg three times daily for 14 days increases docetaxel clearance by about 14%, resulting in decreased plasma concentrations of docetaxel in cancer patients. This is most likely due to induction of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) by St. John's wort.
Imatinib (Gleevec)
St. John's wort reduces the levels and clinical effects of imatinib.
Taking St. John's wort 900 mg daily for 2 weeks reduces the bioavailability and half-life of a single dose of imatinib and decreases its serum levels by 30% in healthy volunteers. This is most likely due to induction of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) by St. John's wort, which increases clearance of imatinib.
Irinotecan (Camptosar)
St. John's wort reduces the levels and clinical effects of irinotecan.
St. John's wort 900 mg daily for 18 days decreases serum levels of irinotecan by at least 50%. Clearance of the active metabolite of irinotecan, SN-38, is also increased, resulting in a 42% decrease in the area under the concentration-time curve. This is thought to be due to induction of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) by St. John's wort.
Mephenytoin (Mesantoin)
St. John's wort reduces the levels and clinical effects of mephenytoin.
Preliminary clinical research in healthy males shows that taking St. John's wort for 14 days induces cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) and significantly increases metabolism of mephenytoin (Mesantoin). In people with wild-type 2C19, metabolism was almost 4-fold greater in subjects who received St. John's wort compared to placebo. In contrast, patients with 2C19*2/*2 and *2/*3 genotypes did not demonstrate a similar increase in metabolism.
Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (Nnrtis)
St. John's wort decreases the levels and clinical effects of NNRTIs.
St. John's wort increases the oral clearance of nevirapine (Viramune) by 35%. Subtherapeutic concentrations are associated with therapeutic failure, development of viral resistance, and development of drug class resistance. St. John's wort induces intestinal and hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and intestinal P-glycoprotein/MDR-1, a drug transporter.
Omeprazole (Prilosec)
St. John's wort decreases the levels and clinical effects of omeprazole.
Taking St. John's wort, 300 mg orally three times daily for 14 days, reduces serum concentrations of omeprazole by inducing its metabolism via cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 and 3A4. The reduction of omeprazole serum levels is dependent on CYP2C19 genotype, with reductions up to 50% in extensive metabolizers and 38% in poor metabolizers.
Oxycodone (Oxycontin)
St. John's wort decreases the levels and clinical effects of oxycodone.
St. John's wort can increase oxycodone metabolism by inducing cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), reducing plasma levels and analgesic activity.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
St. John's wort decreases the levels and clinical effects of P-glycoprotein substrates.
St. John's wort induces P-glycoprotein. P-glycoprotein is a carrier mechanism responsible for transporting drugs and other substances across cell membranes. When P-glycoprotein is induced in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, it can prevent the absorption of some medications. In addition, induction of p-glycoprotein can decrease entry of drugs into the central nervous system (CNS) and decrease access to other sites of action.
Phenobarbital (Luminal)
St. John's wort decreases the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
St. John's wort may increase the metabolism of phenobarbital. Plasma concentrations of phenobarbital should be monitored carefully. The dose of phenobarbital may need to be increased when St. John's wort is started and decreased when it is stopped.
Phenprocoumon (Marcoumar, Others)
St. John's wort decreases the levels and clinical effects of phenprocoumon.
St. John's wort appears to increase the metabolism of phenprocoumon (an anticoagulant that is not available in the US) by increasing the activity of the cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) enzyme. This may result in decreases in the anticoagulant effect and international normalized ratio (INR).
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
St. John's wort decreases the levels and clinical effects of phenytoin.
St. John's wort may increase the metabolism of phenytoin. Plasma concentrations of phenytoin should be monitored closely. The dose of phenytoin may need to be increased when St. John's wort is started and decreased when it is stopped.
Protease Inhibitors (Pis)
St. John's wort reduces the levels and clinical effects of PIs.
In healthy volunteers, St. John's wort can reduce the plasma concentrations of indinavir (Crixivan) by inducing cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). This might result in treatment failure and viral resistance. St. John's wort also induces P-glycoprotein, which can result in decreased intracellular protease inhibitor concentrations and increased elimination.
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
St. John's wort decreases the levels and clinical effects of rivaroxaban.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that taking a single dose of rivaroxaban 20 mg after using a specific St. John's wort extract (Jarsin, Vifor SA) 450 mg orally twice daily for 14 days reduces the bioavailability of rivaroxaban by 24% and reduces rivaroxaban's therapeutic inhibition of factor Xa by 20%.
Tacrolimus (Prograf)
St. John's wort decreases the levels and clinical effects of tacrolimus.
Taking a St. John's wort extract (Jarsin) 600 mg daily significantly decreases tacrolimus serum levels. Dose increases of 60% may be required to maintain therapeutic tacrolimus levels in patients taking St. John's wort. St. John's wort is thought to lower tacrolimus levels by inducing cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes. A small clinical study in healthy adults also shows that taking St. John's wort 300 mg three times daily for 10 days decreases the total systemic exposure to tacrolimus by 27% and 33% after taking a single 5 mg dose of immediate-release or prolonged-release tacrolimus, respectively.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
St. John's wort decreases the levels and clinical effects of warfarin.
Taking St. John's wort significantly increases clearance of warfarin, including both its R- and S-isomers. This is likely due to induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and CYP3A4. St. John's wort can also significantly decrease International Normalized Ratio (INR) in people taking warfarin. In addition, taking warfarin at the same time as St. John's wort might reduce warfarin bioavailability. When a dried extract is mixed with warfarin in an aqueous medium, up to 30% of warfarin is bound to particles, reducing its absorption.
Aminolevulinic Acid
St. John's wort might have additive phototoxic effects with aminolevulinic acid.
Concomitant use with St. John's wort extract may cause synergistic phototoxicity. Delta-aminolevulinic acid can cause a burning erythematous rash and severe swelling of the face, neck, and hands when taken with St. John's wort.
Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
St. John's wort might reduce the levels and effects of bupropion.
Clinical research shows that taking St. John's wort 325 mg three times daily for 14 days along with bupropion reduces the area under the concentration-time curve by approximately 14% and increases the clearance of bupropion by approximately 20%. This effect is attributed to the induction of cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) by St. John's wort.
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
St. John's wort might increase the levels and effects of clopidogrel.
Taking St. John's wort with clopidogrel seems to increase the activity of clopidogrel. In clopidogrel non-responders, taking St. John's wort seems to induce metabolism of clopidogrel to its active metabolite by cytochrome P450 enzymes 3A4 and 2C19. This leads to increased antiplatelet activity. Theoretically, this might lead to an increased risk of bleeding in clopidogrel responders.
Clozapine (Clozaril)
St. John's wort might decrease the levels and clinical effects of clozapine.
A case report describes a female with schizophrenia controlled on clozapine who had a return of symptoms when she started taking St. John's wort. The plasma concentration of clozapine was reduced, likely because its clearance was increased due to induction of the cytochrome P450 enzymes 3A4, 1A2, 2C9, and 2C19 by St. John's wort.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
St. John's wort may increase the metabolism and reduce the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Clinical and in vitro research shows that St. John's wort induces CYP1A2, but to a lesser extent than CYP3A4.
Eleuthero extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, eleuthero may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research shows that a constituent of eleuthero, dihydroxybenzoic acid, appears to inhibit platelet aggregation. Concomitant use with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, eleuthero might have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that certain constituents of eleuthero have hypoglycemic activity in both healthy and diabetic animals. A small study in adults with type 2 diabetes also shows that taking eleuthero for 3 months can lower blood glucose levels. However, one very small study in healthy individuals shows that taking powdered eleuthero 3 grams, 40 minutes prior to a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test, significantly increases postprandial blood glucose levels when compared with placebo. These contradictory findings might be due to patient-specific variability and variability in active ingredient ratios.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro and animal research suggest that standardized extracts of eleuthero inhibit CYP1A2. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro and animal research suggest that standardized extracts of eleuthero might inhibit CYP2C9. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Eleuthero might increase serum digoxin levels and increase the risk of side effects.
In one case report, a 74-year-old male who was stabilized on digoxin presented with an elevated serum digoxin level after starting an eleuthero supplement, without symptoms of toxicity. After stopping the supplement, serum digoxin levels returned to normal. It is not clear whether this was due to a pharmacokinetic interaction or to interference with the digoxin assay. Although the product was found to be free of digoxin and digitoxin, it was not tested for other contaminants.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, eleuthero might interfere with immunosuppressive drugs because of its immunostimulant activity.
Animal and in vitro research shows that eleuthero extracts have immunomodulatory effects, including increasing cellular and humoral activity.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research suggests that eleuthero can inhibit the multi-drug transporter protein, P-glycoprotein. However, it is too soon to tell if this is clinically important. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro and animal research suggest that standardized extracts of eleuthero might inhibit CYP2D6. However, research in healthy human volunteers has found that taking eleuthero 485 mg twice daily for 14 days does not inhibit CYP2D6 drug metabolism.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro and animal research suggest that standardized extracts of eleuthero might inhibit CYP3A4. However, research in healthy human volunteers has found that taking eleuthero 485 mg twice daily for 14 days does not inhibit CYP3A4 drug metabolism.
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)
Theoretically, eleuthero might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by OATP.
In vitro research suggests that eleuthero inhibits OATP2B1, which might reduce the bioavailability of oral drugs that are substrates of OATP2B1. Due to the weak inhibitory effect identified in this study, this interaction is not likely to be clinically significant.
Turmeric extract
Alkylating Agents
Turmeric has antioxidant effects. Theoretically, this may reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals. However, research is conflicting.
In vitro research suggests that curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, inhibits mechlorethamine-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells by up to 70%. Also, animal research shows that curcumin inhibits cyclophosphamide-induced tumor regression. However, some in vitro research shows that curcumin does not affect the apoptosis capacity of etoposide. Also, other laboratory research suggests that curcumin might augment the cytotoxic effects of alkylating agents. Reasons for the discrepancies may relate to the dose of curcumin and the specific chemotherapeutic agent. Lower doses of curcumin might have antioxidant effects while higher doses might have pro-oxidant effects. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, turmeric might have on alkylating agents.
Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Taking turmeric with amlodipine may increase levels of amlodipine.
Animal research shows that giving amlodipine 1 mg/kg as a single dose following the use of turmeric extract 200 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks increases the maximum concentration and area under the curve by 53% and 56%, respectively, when compared with amlodipine alone. Additional animal research shows that taking amlodipine 1 mg/kg with a curcumin 2 mg/kg pretreatment for 10 days increases the maximum concentration and area under the curve by about 2-fold when compared with amlodipine alone.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Turmeric may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs. However, research is conflicting.
Curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, has demonstrated antiplatelet effects in vitro. Furthermore, two case reports have found that taking turmeric along with warfarin or fluindione was associated with an increased international normalized ratio (INR). However, one clinical study in healthy volunteers shows that taking curcumin 500 mg daily for 3 weeks, alone or with aspirin 100 mg, does not increase antiplatelet effects or bleeding risk. It is possible that the dose of turmeric used in this study was too low to produce a notable effect.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking turmeric with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research and case reports suggest that curcumin, a turmeric constituent, can reduce blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes. Furthermore, clinical research in adults with type 2 diabetes shows that taking curcumin 475 mg daily for 10 days prior to taking glyburide 5 mg decreased postprandial glucose levels for up to 24 hours when compared with glyburide alone, despite the lack of a significant pharmacokinetic interaction. Other clinical studies in patients with diabetes show that taking curcumin daily can reduce blood glucose levels when compared with placebo.
Antitumor Antibiotics
Turmeric has antioxidant effects. Theoretically, this may reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals. However, research is conflicting.
In vitro and animal research shows that curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, inhibits doxorubicin-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells by up to 65%. However, curcumin does not seem to affect the apoptosis capacity of daunorubicin. In fact, some research shows that curcumin might augment the cytotoxic effects of antitumor antibiotics, increasing their effectiveness. Reasons for the discrepancies may relate to the dose of curcumin and the chemotherapeutic agent. Lower doses of curcumin might have antioxidant effects while higher doses might have pro-oxidant effects. More evidence is needed to determine what effects, if any, antioxidants such as turmeric have on antitumor antibiotics.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro and animal research show that turmeric and its constituents curcumin and curcuminoids inhibit CYP3A4. Also, 8 case reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reaction database describe increased toxicity in patients taking turmeric and cancer medications that are CYP3A4 substrates, including everolimus, ruxolitinib, ibrutinib, and palbociclib, and bortezomib. In another case report, a transplant patient presented with acute nephrotoxicity and elevated tacrolimus levels after consuming turmeric powder at a dose of 15 or more spoonfuls daily for ten days prior. It was thought that turmeric increased levels of tacrolimus due to CYP3A4 inhibition.
Conversely, other in vitro research suggests that turmeric induces CYP3A4 activity, leading to reduced levels of CYP3A4 substrates. An animal model suggests that induction of CYP3A4 occurs after daily curcumin use for 1 week. However, the induction of CYP3A4 by turmeric has not been reported in humans.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
There is concern that turmeric might cause hepatotoxicity, especially when highly bioavailable formulations are used in high doses.
Methotrexate (Trexall, Others)
Theoretically, turmeric might have additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs such as methotrexate.
In one case report, a 39-year-old female taking methotrexate, turmeric, and linseed oil developed hepatotoxicity.
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)
Theoretically, turmeric might increase blood levels of OATP4C1 substrates.
In vitro research shows that the turmeric constituent curcumin competitively inhibits OATP4C1 transport. This transporter is expressed in the kidney and facilitates the renal excretion of certain drugs. Theoretically, taking turmeric might decrease renal excretion of OATP substrates.
Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
Turmeric might increase the effects and adverse effects of sulfasalazine.
Clinical research shows that taking the turmeric constituent, curcumin, can increase blood levels of sulfasalazine by 3.2-fold.
Tacrolimus (Prograf)
Turmeric might increase the effects and adverse effects of tacrolimus.
In one case report, a transplant patient presented with acute nephrotoxicity and elevated tacrolimus levels of 29 ng/mL. The patient previously had tacrolimus levels within the therapeutic range at 9.7 ng/mL. Ten days prior to presenting at the emergency room the patient started consumption of turmeric powder at a dose of 15 or more spoonfuls daily. It was thought that turmeric increased levels of tacrolimus due to cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibition. In vitro and animal research show that turmeric and its constituent curcumin inhibit CYP3A4.
Talinolol
Turmeric may reduce the absorption of talinolol in some situations.
Clinical research shows that taking curcumin for 6 days decreases the bioavailability of talinolol when taken together on the seventh day. The clinical significance of this effect is unclear.
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Theoretically, turmeric might reduce the levels and clinical effects of tamoxifen.
In a small clinical trial in patients with breast cancer taking tamoxifen 20-30 mg daily, adding curcumin 1200 mg plus piperine 10 mg three times daily reduces the 24-hour area under the curve of tamoxifen and the active metabolite endoxifen by 12.8% and 12.4%, respectively, as well as the maximum concentrations of tamoxifen, when compared with tamoxifen alone. However, in the absence of piperine, the area under the curve for endoxifen and the maximum concentration of tamoxifen were not significantly reduced. Effects were most pronounced in patients who were extensive cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 metabolizers.
Topoisomerase I Inhibitors
Turmeric has antioxidant effects. There is some concern that this may reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals. However, research is conflicting.
In vitro research shows that curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, inhibits camptothecin-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells by up to 71%. However, other in vitro research shows that curcumin augments the cytotoxic effects of camptothecin. Reasons for the discrepancies may relate to the dose of curcumin and the chemotherapeutic agents. Lower doses of curcumin might have antioxidant effects while higher doses might have pro-oxidant effects. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, turmeric might have.
Tramadol (Ultram)
Theoretically, turmeric might increase or decrease levels of tramadol.
Animal research suggests that a single dose of curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, may increase tramadol's maximum concentration (Cmax) by inhibiting metabolism, while continued daily use for 7 days may reduce the area under the curve (AUC) due to the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Turmeric might increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
One case of increased international normalized ratio (INR) has been reported for a patient taking warfarin who began taking turmeric. Prior to taking turmeric, the patient had stable INR measurements. Within a few weeks of starting turmeric supplementation, the patient's INR increased to 10. Additionally, curcumin, the active constituent in turmeric, has demonstrated antiplatelet effects in vitro, which may produce additive effects when taken with warfarin.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, turmeric might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2. However, research is conflicting.
In vitro and animal research show that the turmeric constituent, curcumin, inhibits CYP1A2. However, other in vitro research suggests that curcumin does not significantly affect CYP1A2.
Docetaxel (Taxotere)
Theoretically, turmeric might increase blood levels of oral docetaxel.
Animal research suggests that the turmeric constituent, curcumin, enhances the oral bioavailability of docetaxel. However, the significance of this interaction is unclear, as this drug is typically administered intravenously in clinical settings.
Estrogens
Theoretically, large amounts of turmeric might interfere with hormone replacement therapy through competition for estrogen receptors.
In vitro research shows that curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, displaces the binding of estrogen to its receptors.
Glyburide (Diabeta, Others)
Theoretically, taking turmeric and glyburide in combination might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research shows that taking curcumin 475 mg daily for 10 days prior to taking glyburide 5 mg increases blood levels of glyburide by 12% at 2 hours after the dose in patients with type 2 diabetes. While maximal blood concentrations of glyburide were not affected, turmeric modestly decreased postprandial glucose levels for up to 24 hours when compared to glyburide alone, possibly due to the hypoglycemic effect of turmeric demonstrated in animal research.
Losartan (Cozaar)
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the effects of losartan.
Research in hypertensive rats shows that taking turmeric can increase the hypotensive effects of losartan.
Norfloxacin (Noroxin)
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the effects and adverse effects of norfloxacin.
Animal research shows that taking curcumin, a turmeric constituent, can increase blood levels of orally administered norfloxacin.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, turmeric might increase the absorption of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro and animal research shows that curcuminoids and other constituents found in turmeric can inhibit P-glycoprotein expression and activity.
Paclitaxel (Abraxane, Onxol)
Theoretically, turmeric might alter blood levels of paclitaxel, although any effect may not be clinically relevant.
Clinical research in adults with breast cancer receiving intravenous paclitaxel suggests that taking turmeric may modestly alter paclitaxel pharmacokinetics. Patients received paclitaxel on day 1, followed by either no treatment or turmeric 2 grams daily from days 2-22. Pharmacokinetic modeling suggests that turmeric reduces the maximum concentration and area under the curve of paclitaxel by 12.1% and 7.7%, respectively. However, these changes are not likely to be considered clinically relevant. Conversely, animal research suggests that curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, enhances the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel. However, the significance of this interaction is unclear, as this drug is typically administered intravenously in clinical settings.
Panax ginseng
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Although Panax ginseng has shown antiplatelet effects in the laboratory, it is unlikely to increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that ginsenoside constituents in Panax ginseng might decrease platelet aggregation. However, research in humans suggests that ginseng does not affect platelet aggregation. Animal research indicates low oral bioavailability of Rb1 and rapid elimination of Rg1, which might explain the discrepancy between in vitro and human research. Until more is known, use with caution in patients concurrently taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking Panax ginseng with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research suggests that Panax ginseng might decrease blood glucose levels. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.
Caffeine
Theoretically, taking Panax ginseng with caffeine might increase the risk of adverse stimulant effects.
Panax ginseng has been shown to have stimulant effects. Theoretically, caffeine might have an additive effect on the stimulant effects of Panax ginseng.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6. However, research is conflicting.
There is some evidence that Panax ginseng can inhibit the CYP2D6 enzyme by approximately 6%. In addition, in animal research, Panax ginseng inhibits the metabolism of dextromethorphan, a drug metabolized by CYP2D6, by a small amount. However, contradictory research suggests Panax ginseng might not inhibit CYP2D6. Until more is known, use Panax ginseng cautiously in patients taking drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Panax ginseng may affect the clearance of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4. One such drug is imatinib. Inhibition of CYP3A4 was believed to be responsible for a case of imatinib-induced hepatotoxicity. In contrast, Panax ginseng has been shown to increase the clearance of midazolam, another drug metabolized by CYP3A4. Clinical research shows that Panax ginseng can reduce midazolam area under the curve by 44%, maximum plasma concentration by 26%, and time to reach maximum plasma concentration by 29%. Midazolam metabolism was also increased in animals given Panax ginseng. Until more is known, use Panax ginseng cautiously in combination with CYP3A4 substrates.
Estrogens
Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of Panax ginseng might interfere with hormone replacement therapy.
Laboratory research and some case reports suggest that Panax ginseng can have estrogenic effects due to competition for estrogen receptors. The estrogenic activity is attributed to the ginsenoside constituents of Panax ginseng.
Furosemide (Lasix)
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might reduce the effects of furosemide.
There is some concern that Panax ginseng might contribute to furosemide resistance. There is one case of resistance to furosemide diuresis in a patient taking a germanium-containing ginseng product.
Imatinib (Gleevec)
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase the effects and adverse effects of imatinib.
A case of imatinib-induced hepatotoxicity has been reported for a 26-year-old male with chronic myelogenous leukemia stabilized on imatinib for 7 years. The patient took imatinib 400 mg along with a Panax ginseng-containing energy drink daily for 3 months. Since imatinib-associated hepatotoxicity typically occurs within 2 years of initiating therapy, it is believed that Panax ginseng affected imatinib toxicity though inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4. CYP3A4 is the primary enzyme involved in imatinib metabolism.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, Panax ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Panax ginseng might have immune system stimulating properties.
Insulin
Theoretically, taking Panax ginseng with insulin might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research suggests that Panax ginseng might decrease blood glucose levels. Insulin dose adjustments might be necessary in patients taking Panax ginseng; use with caution.
Midazolam (Versed)
Theoretically, Panax ginseng may increase the clearance of midazolam.
Midazolam is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Clinical research suggests that Panax ginseng can reduce midazolam area under the curve by 44%, maximum plasma concentration by 26%, and time to reach maximum plasma concentration by 29%. Midazolam metabolism was also increased in animals given Panax ginseng.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)
Theoretically, Panax ginseng can interfere with MAOI therapy.
Concomitant use of Panax ginseng with phenelzine (Nardil) is associated with insomnia, headache, tremors, and hypomania.
Nifedipine (Procardia)
Theoretically, taking Panax ginseng with nifedipine might increase serum levels of nifedipine and the risk of hypotension.
Preliminary clinical research shows that concomitant use can increase serum levels of nifedipine in healthy volunteers. This might cause the blood pressure lowering effects of nifedipine to be increased when taken concomitantly with Panax ginseng.
Qt Interval-Prolonging Drugs
Theoretically, Panax ginseng has an additive effect with drugs that prolong the QT interval and potentially increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias. However, research is conflicting.
Clinical research shows that short-term use of Panax ginseng can increase the QT interval. However, no changes in QT interval have been identified with prolonged use.
Raltegravir (Isentress)
Theoretically, taking Panax ginseng with raltegravir might increase the risk of liver toxicity.
A case report suggests that concomitant use of Panax ginseng with raltegravir can increase serum levels of raltegravir, resulting in elevated liver enzymes levels.
Selegiline (Eldepryl)
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase or decrease levels of selegiline, possibly altering the effects and side effects of selegiline.
Animal research shows that taking selegiline with a low dose of Panax ginseng extract (1 gram/kg) reduces selegiline bioavailability, while taking a high dose of Panax ginseng extract (3 grams/kg) increases selegiline bioavailability. More research is needed to confirm these effects.
Stimulant Drugs
Theoretically, taking Panax ginseng with stimulant drugs might increase the risk of adverse stimulant effects.
Panax ginseng has been shown to have stimulant effects.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Panax ginseng might affect the clearance of warfarin. However, this interaction appears to be unlikely.
There has been a single case report of decreased effectiveness of warfarin in a patient who also took Panax ginseng. However, it is questionable whether Panax ginseng was the cause of this decrease in warfarin effectiveness. Some research in humans and animals suggests that Panax ginseng does not affect the pharmacokinetics of warfarin. However, other research in humans suggests that Panax ginseng might modestly increase the clearance of the S-warfarin isomer. More evidence is needed to determine whether Panax ginseng causes a significant interaction with warfarin.
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might decrease blood levels of oral or intravenous fexofenadine.
Animal research suggests that taking Panax ginseng in combination with oral or intravenous fexofenadine may reduce the bioavailability of fexofenadine. Some scientists have attributed this effect to the ability of Panax ginseng to increase the expression of P-glycoprotein.
Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra)
Although Panax ginseng has demonstrated variable effects on cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), which metabolizes lopinavir, Panax ginseng is unlikely to alter levels of lopinavir/ritonavir.
Lopinavir is metabolized by CYP3A4 and is administered with the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir to increase its plasma concentrations. Panax ginseng has shown variable effects on CYP3A4 activity in humans. However, taking Panax ginseng (Vitamer Laboratories) 500 mg twice daily for 14 days did not alter the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir in 12 healthy volunteers.
Licorice
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, licorice might reduce the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
In human research, licorice increases blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner.
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)
Theoretically, licorice might reduce the effects of cisplatin.
In animal research, licorice diminished the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin.
Corticosteroids
Theoretically, concomitant use of licorice and corticosteroids might increase the side effects of corticosteroids.
Case reports suggest that concomitant use of licorice and oral corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone, can potentiate the duration of activity and increase blood levels of corticosteroids. Additionally, in one case report, a patient with neurogenic orthostatic hypertension stabilized on fludrocortisone 0.1 mg twice daily developed pseudohyperaldosteronism after recent consumption of large amounts of black licorice.
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
In vitro research shows that licorice extract and glabridin, a licorice constituent, inhibit CYP2B6 isoenzymes. Licorice extract from the species G. uralensis seems to inhibit CYP2B6 isoenzymes to a greater degree than G. glabra extract in vitro. Theoretically, these species of licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6; however, these interactions have not yet been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro, licorice extracts from the species G. glabra and G. uralensis inhibit CYP2C19 isoenzymes in vitro. Theoretically, these species of licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19; however, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (Cyp2C8) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8.
In vitro, licorice extract from the species G. glabra and G. uralensis inhibits CYP2C8 isoenzymes. Theoretically, these species of licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8; however, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
There is conflicting evidence about the effect of licorice on CYP2C9 enzyme activity. In vitro research shows that extracts from the licorice species G. glabra and G. uralensis moderately inhibit CYP2C9 isoenzymes. However, evidence from an animal model shows that licorice extract from the species G. uralensis can induce hepatic CYP2C9 activity. Until more is known, licorice should be used cautiously in people taking CYP2C9 substrates.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Pharmacokinetic research shows that the licorice constituent glycyrrhizin, taken in a dosage of 150 mg orally twice daily for 14 days, modestly decreases the area under the concentration-time curve of midazolam by about 20%. Midazolam is a substrate of CYP3A4, suggesting that glycyrrhizin modestly induces CYP3A4 activity. Animal research also shows that licorice extract from the species G. uralensis induces CYP3A4 activity. However, licorice extract from G. glabra species appear to inhibit CYP3A4-induced metabolism of testosterone in vitro. It is thought that the G. glabra inhibits CYP3A4 due to its constituent glabridin, which is a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor in vitro and not present in other licorice species. Until more is known, licorice should be used cautiously in people taking CYP3A4 substrates.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, concomitant use of licorice with digoxin might increase the risk of cardiac toxicity.
Overuse or misuse of licorice with cardiac glycoside therapy might increase the risk of cardiac toxicity due to potassium loss.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of licorice with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Overuse of licorice might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss. In one case report, a 72-year-old male with a past medical history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, arrhythmia, stroke, and hepatic dysfunction was hospitalized with severe hypokalemia and uncontrolled hypertension due to pseudohyperaldosteronism. This was thought to be provoked by concomitant daily consumption of a product containing 225 mg of glycyrrhizin, a constituent of licorice, and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg for 1 month.
Estrogens
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease the effects of estrogen therapy.
Theoretically, licorice might interfere with estrogen therapy due to estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects.
Loop Diuretics
Theoretically, loop diuretics might increase the mineralocorticoid effects of licorice.
Theoretically, loop diuretics might enhance the mineralocorticoid effects of licorice by inhibiting the enzyme that converts cortisol to cortisone; however, bumetanide (Bumex) does not appear to have this effect.
Midazolam (Versed)
Theoretically, licorice might decrease levels of midazolam.
In humans, the licorice constituent glycyrrhizin appears to moderately induce the metabolism of midazolam. This is likely due to induction of cytochrome P450 3A4 by licorice. Until more is known, licorice should be used cautiously in people taking midazolam.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the absorption of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that licorice can increase P-glycoprotein activity.
Paclitaxel (Abraxane, Onxol)
Theoretically, licorice might decrease plasma levels and clinical effects of paclitaxel.
Multiple doses of licorice taken concomitantly with paclitaxel might reduce the effectiveness of paclitaxel. Animal research shows that licorice 3 grams/kg given orally for 14 days before intravenous administration of paclitaxel decreases the exposure to paclitaxel and increases its clearance. Theoretically, this occurs because licorice induces cytochrome P450 3A4 enzymes, which metabolize paclitaxel. Notably, a single dose of licorice did not affect exposure or clearance of paclitaxel.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, licorice might decrease plasma levels and clinical effects of warfarin.
Licorice seems to increase metabolism and decrease levels of warfarin in animal models. This is likely due to induction of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) metabolism by licorice. Advise patients taking warfarin to avoid taking licorice.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that licorice induces CYP1A2 enzymes.
Methotrexate (Trexall, Others)
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of methotrexate.
Animal research suggests that intravenous administration of glycyrrhizin, a licorice constituent, and high-dose methotrexate may delay methotrexate excretion and increase systemic exposure, leading to transient elevations in liver enzymes and total bilirubin. This interaction has not yet been reported in humans.
Black Pepper essential oil
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to inhibit platelet aggregation. This has not been reported in humans.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, can reduce blood glucose levels. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of atorvastatin.
Animal research shows that taking piperine, a constituent of black pepper, 35 mg/kg can increase the maximum serum concentration of atorvastatin three-fold. This has not been reported in humans.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Theoretically, black pepper might increase the effects and side effects of cyclosporine.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases the bioavailability of cyclosporine. This has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research suggests that some constituents of black pepper inhibit CYP2D6. This has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research and pharmacokinetic simulation data suggest that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, as well as the pepper fruit seem to inhibit CYP3A4. This has not been reported in humans.
Lithium
Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of lithium due to its diuretic effects. The dose of lithium might need to be reduced.
Black pepper is thought to have diuretic properties.
Nevirapine (Viramune)
Black pepper might increase blood levels of nevirapine.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases the plasma concentration of nevirapine. However, no adverse effects were observed in this study.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to inhibit P-glycoprotein.
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Theoretically, black pepper might increase the sedative effects of pentobarbital.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases pentobarbital-induced sleeping time.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Black pepper might increase blood levels of phenytoin.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption, slow elimination, and increase levels of phenytoin. Taking a single dose of black pepper 1 gram along with phenytoin seems to double the serum concentration of phenytoin. Consuming a soup with black pepper providing piperine 44 mg/200 mL of soup along with phenytoin also seems to increase phenytoin levels when compared with consuming the same soup without black pepper.
Propranolol (Inderal)
Black pepper might increase blood levels of propranolol.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and slow elimination of propranolol.
Rifampin (Rifadin)
Black pepper might increase blood levels of rifampin.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and serum levels of rifampin.
Theophylline
Black pepper might increase blood levels of theophylline.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and slow elimination of theophylline.
Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox)
Theoretically, black pepper might increase the effects and side effects of amoxicillin.
Animal research shows that taking piperine, a constituent of black pepper, with amoxicillin increases plasma levels of amoxicillin. This has not been reported in humans.
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of carbamazepine, potentially increasing the effects and side effects of carbamazepine.
One clinical study in patients taking carbamazepine 300 mg or 500 mg twice daily shows that taking a single 20 mg dose of purified piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases carbamazepine levels. Piperine may increase carbamazepine absorption by increasing blood flow to the GI tract, increasing the surface area of the small intestine, or inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in the gut wall. Absorption was significantly increased by 7-10 mcg/mL/hour. The time to eliminate carbamazepine was also increased by 4-8 hours. Although carbamazepine levels were increased, this did not appear to increase side effects. In vitro research also shows that piperine can increase carbamazepine levels by 11% in a time-dependent manner.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research suggests that black pepper induces CYP1A2. This has not been reported in humans.
Ginger
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Ginger may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs. However, research is conflicting.
Laboratory research suggests that ginger inhibits thromboxane synthetase and decreases platelet aggregation. However, this has not been demonstrated unequivocally in humans, with mixed results from clinical trials. Theoretically, excessive amounts of ginger might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking ginger with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal and human research suggests that ginger might increase insulin levels and/or decrease blood glucose levels.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research and some case reports suggest that ginger inhibits CYP3A4 activity. Three case reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reaction database describe increased toxicity in patients taking ginger and cancer medications that are CYP3A4 substrates (imatinib, dabrafenib, and crizotinib). However, the causality of this interaction is unclear due to the presence of multiple interacting drugs and routes of administration.
Conversely, other in vitro research suggests that ginger induces CYP3A4 activity, leading to reduced levels of CYP3A4 substrates. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Losartan (Cozaar)
Theoretically, ginger might increase levels of losartan and the risk of hypotension.
In animal research, ginger increased the levels and hypotensive effects of a single dose of losartan. It is not clear if ginger alters the concentration or effects of losartan when taken continuously. Additionally, this interaction has not been shown in humans.
Nifedipine (Procardia)
Ginger may have antiplatelet effects and increase the risk of bleeding if used with nifedipine.
Clinical research shows that combined treatment with ginger 1 gram plus nifedipine 10 mg significantly inhibits platelet aggregation when compared to nifedipine or ginger alone.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Ginger might increase the absorption and blood levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.
In vitro research and case reports suggest that ginger inhibits drug efflux by P-gp, potentially increasing absorption and serum levels of P-gp substrates. Two case reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reaction database describe increased toxicity in patients taking ginger and cancer medications that are P-gp substrates (trametinib, crizotinib). However, the causality of this interaction is unclear due to the presence of multiple interacting drugs and routes of administration.
Phenprocoumon (Marcoumar, Others)
Ginger might increase the risk of bleeding with phenprocoumon.
Phenprocoumon, a warfarin-related anticoagulant, might increase the international normalized ratio (INR) when taken with ginger. There is one case report of a 76-year-old woman with a stable INR on phenprocoumon that increased to greater than 10 when she began consuming dried ginger and ginger tea.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Ginger might increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Laboratory research suggests that ginger might inhibit thromboxane synthetase and decrease platelet aggregation. In one case report, ginger increased the INR when taken with phenprocoumon, which has similar pharmacological effects as warfarin. In another case report, ginger increased the INR when taken with a combination of warfarin, hydrochlorothiazide, and acetaminophen. A longitudinal analysis suggests that taking ginger increases the risk of bleeding in patients taking warfarin for at least 4 months. However, research in healthy people suggests that ginger has no effect on INR, or the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of warfarin. Until more is known, monitor INRs closely in patients taking large amounts of ginger.
Calcium Channel Blockers
Theoretically, taking ginger with calcium channel blockers might increase the risk of hypotension.
Some animal and in vitro research suggests that ginger has hypotensive and calcium channel-blocking effects. Another animal study shows that concomitant administration of ginger and the calcium channel blocker amlodipine leads to greater reductions in blood pressure when compared with amlodipine alone.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Theoretically, when taken prior to cyclosporine, ginger might decrease cyclosporine levels.
In an animal model, ginger juice taken 2 hours prior to cyclosporine administration reduced the maximum concentration and area under the curve of cyclosporine by 51% and 40%, respectively. This effect was not observed when ginger juice and cyclosporine were administered at the same time.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ginger inhibits CYP1A2 activity. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP2B6 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ginger inhibits CYP2B6 activity. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ginger inhibits CYP2C9 activity. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Theoretically, ginger might increase levels of metronidazole.
In an animal model, ginger increased the absorption and plasma half-life of metronidazole. In addition, the elimination rate and clearance of metronidazole was significantly reduced.
Goji
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Goji can increase the effects of warfarin and possibly increase the risk of bleeding.
There are at least 5 case reports of increased international normalized ratio (INR) in patients stabilized on warfarin who began drinking goji juice, concentrated goji tea, or goji wine. Goji may inhibit the metabolism of warfarin by cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9).
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of goji root bark, but not goji fruit, with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects.
Animal and in vitro research suggest that goji root bark has hypotensive effects. However, goji fruit juice does not appear to reduce systolic or diastolic blood pressure in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2C19 and reduce metabolism of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research shows that goji berry tincture and juice inhibit CYP2C19 enzymes. Concomitant use with goji may decrease metabolism and increase levels of CYP2C19 substrates. However, this has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2C9 and reduce metabolism of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that goji berry tincture and juice inhibit CYP2C9 enzymes. Additionally, multiple case reports suggest that goji berry concentrated tea and juice inhibit the metabolism of warfarin, a CYP2C9 substrate. Concomitant use with goji may decrease metabolism and increase levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2D6 and reduce metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates.
In vitro research shows that goji berry juice inhibits CYP2D6 enzymes. Concomitant use with goji may decrease metabolism and increase levels of CYP2D6 substrates. However, this has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that goji berry juice inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes. Concomitant use with goji may decrease metabolism and increase levels of CYP3A4 substrates. However, this has not been reported in humans.
Flecainide (Tambocor)
Theoretically, goji berry might increase the levels and clinical effects of flecainide.
In one case report, a 75-year-old patient stable on flecainide and warfarin presented to the emergency room with fainting and pleomorphic arrhythmia caused by flecainide toxicity. Flecainide toxicity was attributed to drinking 1-2 glasses of concentrated goji tea daily for 2 weeks. Theoretically, goji may have inhibited the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) metabolism of flecainide.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of goji fruit polysaccharides or goji root bark with antidiabetes drugs might have additive effects.
Animal and in vitro research show that goji root bark and fruit polysaccharides might have hypoglycemic effects. However, clinical research has only shown that taking goji fruit polysaccharides with or without antidiabetes drugs modestly reduces postprandial glucose when compared with control, with no reports of hypoglycemia.
Grapefruit
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Grapefruit juice can increase blood levels of amiodarone, potentially increasing the effects and adverse effects of amiodarone.
Clinical research shows that grapefruit juice inhibits metabolism and increases absorption of amiodarone. Grapefruit juice increases amiodarone plasma levels by 50% and peak concentration by 84%.
Artemether (Artenam, Paluther)
Grapefruit juice can increase blood levels of oral artemether, potentially increasing the effects and adverse effects of artemether.
Clinical research shows that grapefruit juice increases the levels of oral artemether by 90% to 250% in healthy males.
Benzodiazepines
Grapefruit juice might increase blood levels of some oral benzodiazepines, potentially increasing the effects and adverse effects of these drugs.
Clinical research shows that grapefruit juice can increase plasma triazolam concentrations. Repeated consumption of grapefruit juice greatly increases triazolam concentrations and prolongs the half-life, probably due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Some studies show that grapefruit juice, particularly when taken in large quantities, reduces the clearance and increases the maximum blood levels, area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC), and duration of effect of midazolam. However, there is no effect on intravenous midazolam. Grapefruit juice has also been shown to increase the maximum blood levels and duration of effect of diazepam, but the clinical significance of this is not known. This interaction does not appear to occur with alprazolam.
Buspirone (Buspar)
Grapefruit juice can increase blood levels of buspirone, potentially increasing the effects and adverse effects of buspirone.
Clinical research shows that grapefruit juice increases absorption and plasma concentrations of buspirone.
Calcium Channel Blockers
Grapefruit juice can increase blood levels of oral calcium channel blockers, potentially increasing the effects and adverse effects of these drugs.
Clinical research shows that grapefruit juice increases absorption and plasma concentrations of amlodipine, nifedipine, nisoldipine, verapamil, felodipine, nimodipine, nicardipine, diltiazem, pranidipine, nitrendipine, and manidipine,
This interaction is likely the result of the inhibition of intestinal metabolism of these drugs by CYP3A4, although some research suggests grapefruit may alter plasma drug levels by reducing the rate of gastric emptying. Consuming grapefruit juice 1 liter daily increases steady state concentrations of verapamil by as much as 50%. However, some references dispute the clinical relevance of the interactions with amlodipine, diltiazem, and verapamil. Other research in healthy individuals suggests plasma levels of felodipine and nifedipine are not affected when given intravenously. There is considerable interindividual variability in the effect of grapefruit juice on drug metabolism, which might account for inconsistent study results. In healthy older adults, the hemodynamic response to felodipine plus grapefruit juice might be influenced by altered autonomic regulation. In older healthy adults, a single dose of grapefruit juice and felodipine enhanced the blood pressure-lowering effects of felodipine. However, after a week of grapefruit juice and felodipine (steady state), the hypotensive activity was reduced, possibly due to compensatory tachycardia. Research indicates it is necessary to withhold grapefruit juice for as long as 3 days to avoid interactions with felodipine and nisoldipine.
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Grapefruit juice can increase blood levels of carbamazepine, potentially increasing the effects and adverse effects of carbamazepine.
Clinical research shows that grapefruit juice increases absorption and plasma concentrations of carbamazepine.
Carvedilol (Coreg)
Grapefruit juice can increase blood levels of carvedilol, potentially increasing the effects and adverse effects of carvedilol.
Clinical research shows that grapefruit juice increases the bioavailability of a single dose of carvedilol by 16%.
Celiprolol (Celicard)
Grapefruit juice can decrease blood levels of celiprolol, potentially decreasing the clinical effects of celiprolol.
In human research, taking grapefruit juice within two hours of celiprolol appears to decrease absorption and blood levels of celiprolol by approximately 85%. This interaction is due to grapefruit-induced inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). Grapefruit juice is thought to affect OATP for only a short time. Therefore, separating drug administration and consumption of grapefruit by at least 4 hours is likely to prevent this interaction.
Cisapride (Propulsid)
Grapefruit juice can increase blood levels of cisapride, potentially increasing the effects and adverse effects of cisapride.
Clinical research shows that grapefruit juice increases the absorption and plasma concentrations of cisapride. According to the cisapride prescribing information, grapefruit juice is contraindicated in patients taking cisapride.
Clomipramine (Anafranil)
Theoretically, grapefruit juice might increase blood levels of clomipramine, potentially increasing the effects and adverse effects of clomipramine.
Case reports have shown that clomipramine trough levels increase significantly after the addition of grapefruit juice to the therapeutic regimen.
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Grapefruit juice can decrease blood levels of the active metabolite of clopidogrel, thereby decreasing the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel.
Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet prodrug that is metabolized primarily by cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) to form the active metabolite. A small clinical study shows that taking grapefruit juice with clopidogrel decreases plasma levels of the active metabolite by more than 80% and impairs the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel. This effect is possibly due to grapefruit-induced inhibition of CYP2C19.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Grapefruit juice can increase blood levels of oral cyclosporine, potentially increasing the effects and adverse effects of cyclosporine.
Clinical research shows that grapefruit juice increases the absorption and plasma concentrations of cyclosporine. The mechanism of action is unclear. However, there is no effect on intravenous cyclosporine.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Grapefruit juice can increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Clinical research shows that grapefruit juice can inhibit CYP3A4 metabolism of drugs, causing increased drug levels and potentially increasing the risk of adverse effects. When taken orally, effects of grapefruit juice on CYP3A4 levels appear to last at least 48 hours. Grapefruit's ability to inhibit CYP3A4 has even been harnessed to intentionally increase levels of venetoclax, which is metabolized by CYP3A4, in an elderly patient with acute myeloid leukemia who could not afford full dose venetoclax. The lower dose of venetoclax in combination with grapefruit juice resulted in serum levels of venetoclax in the therapeutic reference range of full dose venetoclax and positive treatment outcomes for the patient.
Professional consensus recommends the consideration of patient age, existing medical conditions, additional medications, and the potential for additive adverse effects when evaluating the risks of concomitant use of grapefruit juice with any medication metabolized by CYP3A4. While all patients are at risk for interactions with grapefruit juice consumption, patients older than 70 years of age and those taking multiple medications are at the greatest risk for a serious or fatal interaction with grapefruit juice.
Dextromethorphan (Robitussin Dm, Others)
Grapefruit juice can increase blood levels of dextromethorphan, potentially increasing the effects and adverse effects of dextromethorphan.
Clinical research shows that grapefruit juice can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) metabolism, causing increased dextromethorphan levels.
Estrogens
Grapefruit juice can increase blood levels of estrogens, potentially increasing the effects and adverse effects of estrogens.
Clinical research shows that grapefruit increases the levels of endogenous and exogenous estrogens by inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes. Grapefruit juice increases exogenously administered 17-beta-estradiol by about 20% in females without ovaries and ethinyl-estradiol in healthy females.
Etoposide (Vepesid)
Grapefruit juice can decrease blood levels of etoposide, potentially decreasing the clinical effects of etoposide.
Clinical research shows that grapefruit juice decreases the absorption and plasma concentrations of etoposide. There is some evidence that grapefruit juice co-administered with oral etoposide can reduce levels of etoposide by about 26%. Grapefruit juice seems to inhibit organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP), which is a drug transporter in the gut, liver, and kidney. Grapefruit juice is thought to affect OATP for only a short time. Therefore, separating drug administration and consumption of grapefruit by at least 4 hours is likely to prevent this interaction.
Halofantrine
Grapefruit juice can increase blood levels of halofantrine, potentially increasing the effects and adverse effects of halofantrine.
Clinical research shows that grapefruit juice inhibits cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) metabolism, which increases halofantrine levels and peak concentration, as well as a marker of ventricular tachyarrhythmia potential.
Hmg-Coa Reductase Inhibitors ("Statins")
Grapefruit juice can increase blood levels of statins that are metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), potentially increasing the effects and adverse effects of these statins. Additionally, grapefruit juice might interfere with the bioavailability of statins that are substrates of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP).
Clinical research shows that grapefruit juice inhibits metabolism and increases absorption and plasma concentrations of statins that are metabolized by CYP3A4. These include lovastatin, simvastatin, and atorvastatin. Keep in mind that there is considerable variability in the effect of grapefruit juice on drug metabolism, so individual patient response is difficult to predict.
Some statins, including pravastatin, fluvastatin, pitavastatin, and rosuvastatin, are not metabolized by CYP3A4. However, grapefruit juice might still affect the bioavailability of these statins. These statins are substrates of OATP. Grapefruit juice can inhibit OATP. Therefore, grapefruit juice may reduce the bioavailability or increase drug levels of these statins depending on the type of OATP. However, grapefruit juice affects OATP for only a short time. Therefore, separating drug administration by at least 4 hours is likely to avoid this interaction.
Methadone (Dolophine)
Grapefruit juice can increase blood levels of methadone, potentially increasing the effects and adverse effects of methadone.
Clinical research shows that grapefruit juice inhibits the metabolism of methadone, increasing methadone levels and peak concentrations. In one case, a 51-year-old male taking methadone 90 mg daily and no other medications was found unresponsive. The patient reported drinking grapefruit juice 500 mL daily for 3 days prior to the event. Methadone is a substrate of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), and grapefruit juice-induced inhibition of CYP3A4 is the likely cause of this interaction.
Methylprednisolone
Grapefruit juice can increase blood levels of methylprednisolone, potentially increasing the effects and adverse effects of methylprednisolone.
Clinical research shows that grapefruit juice can increase the plasma concentration of orally administered methylprednisolone. Grapefruit juice 200 mL three times daily given with methylprednisolone 16 mg increased methylprednisolone half-life by 35%, peak plasma concentration by 27%, and total area under the curve by 75%.
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)
Grapefruit juice can decrease levels of drugs that are substrates of OATP.
In vitro and clinical research show that consuming grapefruit juice inhibits OATP, which reduces the bioavailability of oral drugs that are substrates of OATP. Various clinical studies have shown reduced absorption of OATP substrates when taken with grapefruit, including fexofenadine, acebutolol, aliskiren, celiprolol, levothyroxine, nadolol, and pitavastatin. Grapefruit juice is thought to affect OATP for only a short time. Therefore, separating drug administration and consumption of grapefruit by at least 4 hours is likely to prevent this interaction.
Praziquantel (Biltricide)
Grapefruit juice can increase blood levels of praziquantel, potentially increasing the effects and adverse effects of praziquantel.
Clinical research shows that grapefruit juice can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) metabolism of praziquantel. Plasma concentrations of praziquantel can increase by as much as 160% when administered with 250 mL of commercially available grapefruit juice.
Qt Interval-Prolonging Drugs
Grapefruit or grapefruit juice, especially if consumed in large amounts, can cause additive QT interval prolongation when taken with QT interval-prolonging drugs, potentially increasing the risk of ventricular arrhythmias.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that drinking 6 liters of grapefruit juice over 6 hours prolonged the QTc by a peak amount of 14 milliseconds (ms). This prolongation was similar to the QT prolongation caused by the drug moxifloxacin. In individuals with long QT syndrome, a smaller dose of grapefruit juice, 1.5 liters, resulted in a greater peak QTc prolongation of about 30 ms. The effect of smaller quantities of grapefruit juice on the QT interval is unclear.
Quetiapine (Seroquel)
Grapefruit juice may increase blood levels of quetiapine, increasing the effects and adverse effects of quetiapine.
Quetiapine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Grapefruit can inhibit CYP3A4. In one case report, a healthy 28-year-old female with bipolar disorder stabilized on quetiapine 800 mg daily presented with quetiapine toxicity considered to be related to consuming a gallon of grapefruit juice over the past 24 hours.
Quinidine
Grapefruit juice can alter blood levels of quinidine, potentially increasing or decreasing the clinical effects of quinidine.
Clinical research shows that grapefruit juice decreases quinidine absorption, clearance, and metabolism, and prolongs the half-life by about 20%.
Clove
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove extracts with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical and laboratory research suggest that polyphenol extracts from clove flower buds might lower blood glucose levels. Dosing adjustments for insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents may be necessary when taken with clove. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP1A2 in a dose-dependent manner,. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, inhibits CYP2C9 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP2D6 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, clove oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Laboratory research suggests that eugenol, a constituent of clove, has antiplatelet activity. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
Ibuprofen (Advil, Others)
Theoretically, topical application of clove oil with ibuprofen might increase the absorption and side effects of topical ibuprofen.
Laboratory research shows that topical application of clove oil increases the absorption of topical ibuprofen. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
Epimedium saggittatum extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the risk of bleeding.
In vitro research and animal research shows that horny goat weed can inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the risk of hypotension.
Laboratory research suggests that horny goat weed might have hypotensive effects. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro, horny goat weed leaf extract inhibits CYP1A2. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP2B6 substrates.
In vitro, horny goat weed leaf extract inhibits CYP2B6. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro, horny goat weed extract inhibits CYP3A4 and suppresses CYP3A4 mRNA expression. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Estrogens
Theoretically, concomitant use of horny goat weed with estrogens might increase their therapeutic and adverse effects.
In vitro evidence suggests that horny goat weed has estrogenic activity. In clinical research, horny goat weed has been shown to increase blood levels of estrogen in some females.
Cat’s Claw
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, cat's claw may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Cat's claw contains rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline. Animal research suggests that these alkaloids can inhibit platelet aggregation. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, taking cat's claw with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Cat's claw contains rhynchophylline. In vitro and animal research suggests that rhynchophylline can lower blood pressure. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
Calcium Channel Blockers
Theoretically, taking cat's claw with calcium channel blockers might increase the risk of hypotension.
Cat's claw contains various alkaloids, including rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline, corynoxeine, and isocorynoxiene. Animal research suggests that these alkaloids can lower blood pressure by acting as calcium channel blockers. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Cat's claw may affect the clearance of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4. In vitro research shows that cat's claw can inhibit CYP3A4 enzymes. In one case report, a patient taking cat's claw (at an unspecified dose) experienced increased serum levels of atazanavir, ritonavir, and saquinavir, all of which are CYP3A4 substrates. Levels returned to normal 15 days after discontinuation of the cat's claw supplement, suggesting inhibition of CYP3A4 by cat's claw. In contrast, animal research suggests that rhynchophylline, an alkaloid contained in cat's claw, induces CYP3A expression and accelerates the metabolism of nirmatrelvir, the active component in the nirmatrelvir/ritonavir combination product.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, cat's claw might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
In human and laboratory research, cat's claw has been shown to have immunostimulating activity. It stimulates phagocytosis and increases respiratory cellular activity and the mobility of leukocytes. Theoretically, this could interfere with the activity of immunosuppressant medications.
Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (Paxlovid)
Theoretically, cat's claw may decrease the levels of nirmatrelvir.
Cat's claw contains rhynchophylline. Animal research suggests that this alkaloid induces CYP3A expression, thereby accelerating the metabolism of nirmatrelvir, the active component in the nirmatrelvir/ritonavir combination product. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
Roman Chamomile essential oil
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, German chamomile might have additive effects when used with CNS depressants.
German chamomile has mild sedative effects. Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs with sedative properties can cause additive effects and side effects.
Contraceptive Drugs
Theoretically, large amounts of German chamomile might reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
In vitro, German chamomile has demonstrated antiestrogenic activity. Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of German chamomile might interfere with contraceptive drugs through competition for estrogen receptors.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP2C9 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
In vitro evidence shows that German chamomile might inhibit CYP2C9. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, there might be an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9 in patients taking German chamomile.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP2D6 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
In vitro evidence shows that German chamomile might inhibit CYP2D6. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, there might be an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 in patients taking German chamomile.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
In vitro evidence shows that German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, there might be an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 in patients taking German chamomile.
Estrogens
Theoretically, large amounts of German chamomile might reduce the effectiveness of estrogens.
In vitro, German chamomile has demonstrated antiestrogenic activity. Theoretically, large amounts of German chamomile might interfere with hormone replacement therapy through competition for estrogen receptors.
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Theoretically, large amounts of German chamomile might interfere with the activity of tamoxifen.
In vitro, German chamomile has demonstrated antiestrogenic activity.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
German chamomile might increase the effects of warfarin and increase the risk of bleeding.
In one case, a 70-year-old female taking warfarin developed retroperitoneal hematoma and bilateral recti muscle bleeding along with an INR of 7.9 following ingestion of German chamomile tea 4-5 cups daily and use of a topical chamomile-based lotion applied 4-5 times daily.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
In vitro and animal research shows that German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, there might be an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 in patients taking German chamomile.
Milk Thistle extract
Antidiabetes Drugs
Taking milk thistle with antidiabetes drugs may increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research shows that milk thistle extract, alone or along with tree turmeric extract, can lower blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes, including those already taking antidiabetes drugs. Additionally, animal research shows that milk thistle extract increases the metformin maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve and decreases the renal clearance of metformin, due to inhibition of the multi-drug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1) renal tubular transport protein.
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates
Theoretically, milk thistle might inhibit CYP2B6.
An in vitro study shows that silybin, a constituent of milk thistle, binds to and noncompetitively inhibits CYP2B6. Additionally, silybin might downregulate the expression of CYP2B6 by decreasing mRNA and protein levels.
Glucuronidated Drugs
Theoretically, milk thistle might affect the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
Laboratory research shows that milk thistle constituents inhibit uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase (UGT), the major phase 2 enzyme that is responsible for glucuronidation. Theoretically, this could decrease the clearance and increase levels of glucuronidated drugs. Other laboratory research suggests that a milk thistle extract of silymarin might inhibit beta-glucuronidase, although the significance of this effect is unclear.
Ledipasvir
Theoretically, milk thistle might increase the levels and clinical effects of ledipasvir.
Animal research in rats shows that milk thistle increases the area under the curve (AUC) for ledipasvir and slows its elimination.
Morphine
Theoretically, concomitant use of milk thistle with morphine might affect serum levels of morphine and either increase or decrease its effects.
Animal research shows that milk thistle reduces serum levels of morphine by up to 66%. In contrast, laboratory research shows that milk thistle constituents inhibit uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase (UGT), the major phase 2 enzyme that is responsible for glucuronidation. Theoretically, this could decrease the clearance and increase morphine levels. The effect of taking milk thistle on morphine metabolism in humans is not known.
Raloxifene (Evista)
Theoretically, milk thistle might decrease the clearance and increase levels of raloxifene.
Laboratory research suggests that the milk thistle constituents silibinin and silymarin inhibit the glucuronidation of raloxifene in the intestines.
Sirolimus (Rapamune)
Milk thistle might decrease the clearance of sirolimus.
Pharmacokinetic research shows that a milk thistle extract of silymarin decreases the apparent clearance of sirolimus in hepatically impaired renal transplant patients. It is unclear if this interaction occurs in patients without hepatic impairment.
Sofosbuvir (Solvaldi)
Theoretically, milk thistle might decrease the levels and clinical effects of sofosbuvir.
Animal research in rats shows that milk thistle reduces the metabolism of sofosbuvir, as well as the hepatic uptake of its active metabolite.
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Theoretically, the milk thistle constituent silibinin might increase tamoxifen levels and interfere with its conversion to an active metabolite.
Animal research suggests that the milk thistle constituent silibinin might increase plasma levels of tamoxifen and alter its conversion to an active metabolite. The mechanism appears to involve inhibition of pre-systemic metabolism of tamoxifen by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 and CYP3A4, and inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux of tamoxifen into the intestine for excretion. Whether this interaction occurs in humans is not known.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, milk thistle might increase the effects of warfarin.
In one case report, a man stabilized on warfarin experienced an increase in INR from 2.64 to 4.12 after taking a combination product containing milk thistle 200 mg daily, as well as dandelion, wild yam, niacinamide, and vitamin B12. Levels returned to normal after stopping the supplement. Although a direct correlation between milk thistle and the change in INR cannot be confirmed, some in vitro research suggests that milk thistle might inhibit cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9), an enzyme involved in the metabolism of various drugs, including warfarin.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP2C9; research is conflicting.
In vitro research suggests that milk thistle might inhibit CYP2C9. Additionally, 3 case reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reaction database describe increased toxicity in patients taking milk thistle and cancer medications that are CYP2C9 substrates, including imatinib and capecitabine. However, contradictory clinical research shows that milk thistle extract does not inhibit CYP2C9 or significantly affect levels of the CYP2C9 substrate tolbutamide. Differences in results could be due to differences in dosages or formulations utilized.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
While laboratory research shows conflicting results, pharmacokinetic research shows that taking milk thistle extract 420-1350 mg daily does not significantly affect the metabolism of the CYP3A4 substrates irinotecan, midazolam, or indinavir. However, 8 case reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reaction database describe increased toxicity in patients taking milk thistle and cancer medications that are CYP3A4 substrates, including gefitinib, sorafenib, doxorubicin, and vincristine.
Estrogens
Theoretically, milk thistle might interfere with estrogen therapy through competition for estrogen receptors.
Animal research suggests that a milk thistle extract of silymarin binds to estrogen receptor beta.
Hmg-Coa Reductase Inhibitors ("Statins")
Theoretically, milk thistle might interfere with statin therapy by decreasing the activity of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATB1B1) and inhibiting breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP).
Preliminary evidence suggests that a milk thistle extract of silymarin can decrease the activity of the OATP1B1, which transports HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors into the liver to their site of action, and animal research shows this increases the maximum plasma concentration of pitavastatin and pravastatin. The silibinin component also inhibits BCRP, which transports statins from the liver into the bile for excretion. However, in a preliminary study in healthy males, silymarin 140 mg three times daily had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of a single 10 mg dose of rosuvastatin.
Indinavir (Crixivan)
Theoretically, milk thistle may induce cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes and increase the metabolism of indinavir; however, results are conflicting.
One pharmacokinetic study shows that taking milk thistle (Standardized Milk Thistle, General Nutrition Corp.) 175 mg three times daily in combination with multiple doses of indinavir 800 mg every 8 hours decreases the mean trough levels of indinavir by 25%. However, results from the same pharmacokinetic study show that milk thistle does not affect the overall exposure to indinavir. Furthermore, two other pharmacokinetic studies show that taking specific milk thistle extract (Legalon, Rottapharm Madaus; Thisilyn, Nature's Way) 160-450 mg every 8 hours in combination with multiple doses of indinavir 800 mg every 8 hours does not reduce levels of indinavir.
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)
Milk thistle may inhibit one form of OATP, OATP-B1, which could reduce the bioavailability and clinical effects of OATP-B1 substrates.
In vitro research shows that milk thistle inhibits OATP-B1. Two case reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reaction database describe increased toxicity in patients taking milk thistle and cancer medications that are OATP substrates, including sorafenib and methotrexate. OATPs are expressed in the small intestine and liver and are responsible for the uptake of drugs and other compounds into the body. Inhibition of OATP may reduce the bioavailability of oral drugs that are substrates of OATP.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, milk thistle might increase the absorption of P-glycoprotein substrates. However, this effect does not seem to be clinically significant.
In vitro research shows that milk thistle can inhibit P-glycoprotein activity and 1 case report from the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reaction database describes increased abdominal pain in a patient taking milk thistle and the cancer medication vincristine, a P-glycoprotein substrate, though this patient was also taking methotrexate. However, a small pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that taking milk thistle (Enzymatic Therapy Inc.) 900 mg, standardized to 80% silymarin, in 3 divided doses daily for 14 days does not affect absorption of digoxin, a P-glycoprotein substrate.
Frankincense essential oil
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP1A2 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2C19 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2C9 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2D6 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes. Other in vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata extract inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes at most concentrations, although it may modestly induce enzyme activity at low concentrations.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might alter the effects of immunosuppressive drugs.
Some in vitro research suggests that Boswellia serrata extracts might inhibit mediators of autoimmune disorders such as leukotrienes and reduce production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity. However, other in vitro research suggests that, when coupled with calcium ions, boswellic acids containing the keto group have immunostimulant properties within specific cell signaling pathways.
Feverfew extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, feverfew might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Laboratory research suggests that feverfew may inhibit platelet aggregation. Additionally, in one case report, a 36-year-old patient taking feverfew 2400 mg daily for 3 months experienced vaginal bleeding and a prolonged menstrual cycle, with a modest increase in partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and prothrombin time (PT).
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Laboratory research shows that feverfew might inhibit CYP1A2. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Laboratory research shows that feverfew might inhibit CYP2C19. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (Cyp2C8) Substrates
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8.
Laboratory research shows that feverfew might inhibit CYP2C8. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Laboratory research shows that feverfew might inhibit CYP2C9. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Laboratory research shows that feverfew might inhibit CYP2D6. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Laboratory research shows that feverfew might inhibit CYP3A4. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Pomegranate
Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)
Theoretically, taking pomegranate with ACEIs might increase the risk of adverse effects.
Pomegranate juice is thought to have ACE inhibitor-like effects.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, taking pomegranate with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Consuming pomegranate juice can modestly lower blood pressure.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro, pomegranate juice inhibits CYP2D6. However, the clinical significance of this potential interaction in humans is not known.
Rosuvastatin (Crestor)
Theoretically, taking pomegranate with rosuvastatin might increase the risk of adverse effects.
In one case, a patient taking rosuvastatin 5 mg every other day in combination with ezetimibe 10 mg daily developed rhabdomyolysis after drinking pomegranate juice 200 mL twice weekly for 3 weeks. This patient had a history of elevated creatine kinase levels while not receiving any statin treatment. This suggests a possible underlying myopathy and predisposition to rhabdomyolysis.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase warfarin levels and increase the risk of bleeding. Also, discontinuing regular consumption of pomegranate juice might decrease warfarin levels.
In one case report, a patient had a stable, therapeutic bleeding time, as measured by international normalized ratio (INR), while taking warfarin in combination with pomegranate juice 2-3 times per week. The patient became subtherapeutic within about 10 days after discontinuing pomegranate juice, which required a warfarin dose increase. In another case report, a patient with a stable INR for over one year presented with an INR of 14. The patient noted no changes to medications or diet but did report consuming around 3 liters of pomegranate juice over the previous week. The patient's INR stabilized upon moderation of pomegranate juice consumption. The mechanism of this potential interaction is unclear.
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Theoretically, taking pomegranate with carbamazepine might increase the risk of adverse effects, although research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Animal research shows that pomegranate juice may inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) metabolism of carbamazepine and increase levels of carbamazepine by 1.5 times without prolonging the elimination half-life. This suggests that pomegranate juice inhibits intestinal CYP3A4, but might not inhibit hepatic CYP3A4. However, some human research suggests that pomegranate does not significantly inhibit CYP3A4 drug metabolism in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Some animal and in vitro research shows that pomegranate juice inhibits intestinal, but not hepatic, CYP2C9 isoenzyme activity. However, clinical research shows that neither pomegranate juice nor pomegranate extract have a significant effect on CYP2C9 activity in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Pomegranate contains several polyphenols that have individually been shown to inhibit CYP3A4. However, there is contradictory evidence about the effect of whole pomegranate juice on CYP3A4 activity. In vitro, pomegranate juice significantly inhibits the CYP3A4 enzyme, with comparable inhibition to grapefruit juice. In an animal model, pomegranate juice inhibits CYP3A4 metabolism of carbamazepine and increases levels of carbamazepine by 1.5 times; however, in human volunteers, drinking a single glass of pomegranate juice 240 mL or taking 200 mL daily for 2 weeks does not significantly affect levels of the CYP3A4 substrate midazolam after oral or intravenous administration. Another study in healthy volunteers shows that consuming pomegranate juice 300 mL three times daily for three days also does not significantly affect levels of simvastatin, a CYP3A4 substrate This suggests that pomegranate is unlikely to significantly affect levels of CYP3A4 substrates in humans.
Tolbutamide (Orinase)
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of tolbutamide, although research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Animal research shows that pomegranate juice inhibits the cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) metabolism of tolbutamide. Pomegranate juice increased tolbutamide levels by 1.2 times without prolonging the elimination half-life. This suggests that pomegranate juice inhibits intestinal CYP2C9, but might not inhibit hepatic CYP2C9. Despite this evidence, clinical research shows that neither pomegranate juice nor pomegranate extract have a significant effect on CYP2C9 activity in humans. This interaction does not appear to be clinically significant in humans.
Bee Propolis
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, propolis might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
In vitro research shows that propolis water extract and the propolis constituent, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, can inhibit platelet aggregation. Additionally, evidence from an animal model shows that taking propolis in addition to warfarin decreases INR, suggesting that propolis can decrease the effectiveness of warfarin.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research shows that propolis extract can inhibit CYP1A2. However, animal research shows that propolis extract does not significantly affect CYP1A2 activity when administered to rats at doses up to 250 mg/kg. It is postulated that the constituents of propolis that inhibit CYP1A2 in vitro do not have significant effects in vivo due to low bioavailability and hepatic first-pass effect. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro research shows that propolis extract can inhibit CYP2C19. However, animal research shows that propolis extract does not significantly affect CYP2C19 activity when administered to rats at doses up to 250 mg/kg. It is postulated that the constituents of propolis that inhibit CYP2C19 in vitro do not have significant effects in vivo due to low bioavailability and hepatic first-pass effect. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research shows that propolis extract can inhibit CYP2C9. However, animal research shows that propolis extract does not significantly affect CYP2C9 activity when administered to rats at doses up to 250 mg/kg. It is postulated that the constituents of propolis that inhibit CYP2C9 in vitro do not have significant effects in vivo due to low bioavailability and hepatic first-pass effect. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research shows that propolis extract can inhibit CYP2D6. However, animal research shows that propolis extract does not significantly affect CYP2D6 activity when administered to rats at doses up to 250 mg/kg. It is postulated that the constituents of propolis that inhibit CYP2D6 in vitro do not have significant effects in vivo due to low bioavailability and hepatic first-pass effect. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates
Theoretically, propolis might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
In vitro research shows that propolis can inhibit CYP2E1. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Some in vitro research shows that propolis extract can inhibit CYP3A4; however, other in vitro research shows that propolis has no effect on CYP3A4 activity. Furthermore, animal research shows that propolis extract does not significantly affect CYP3A4 activity when administered to rats at doses up to 250 mg/kg. It is postulated that the constituents of propolis that might in inhibit CYP3A4 in vitro do not have significant effects in vivo due to low bioavailability and hepatic first-pass effect. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, propolis might decrease the effectiveness of warfarin.
Animal research shows that taking propolis in addition to warfarin decreases the international normalized ratio (INR). This effect has not been reported in humans.
Black Cumin
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, black seed may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research suggests that black seed extract can inhibit platelet aggregation and clotting, and increase bleeding time. In addition, decreased platelet counts have occurred in a human case report and in animal research.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking black seed with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Some clinical research and numerous animal studies suggest that black seed, especially its constituent thymoquinone, can have hypoglycemic effects.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, taking black seed with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Clinical research suggests that black seed powder and oil might reduce blood pressure by 2-3 mmHg. In animal research, black seed modestly reduces blood pressure and concomitant use of black seed and amlodipine (Norvasc) or metoprolol (Lopressor) increased the blood pressure lowering effects of these drugs.
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Theoretically, black seed may increase the risk of bleeding if used with clopidogrel.
Animal research shows that taking black seed extract daily for 2 weeks prior to a single dose of clopidogrel increases maximum concentrations of clopidogrel by approximately 31% and modestly decreases oral clearance. Furthermore, bleeding time was increased by 12%. This has not been shown in humans.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs that have sedative properties may cause additive effects.
Animal research suggests that black seed may have CNS depressant effects.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Theoretically taking black seed might reduce the levels and clinical effects of cyclosporine.
In animal research, black seed extract decreased the maximal levels of cyclosporine in the blood by 35.5%. This has not been shown in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, black seed might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research suggests that thymoquinone, a constituent of black seed, can decrease the metabolism of phenytoin by a mechanism possibly related to the inhibition of CYP2C9. The effect of black seed on CYP2C9 is unclear. This has not been shown in humans.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, taking black seed with diuretic drugs might increase potassium loss and the risk of hypokalemia.
Black seed extract has shown diuretic effects in animals, which could theoretically increase potassium loss. This has not been shown in humans.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, black seed might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Animal and in vitro studies suggest that black seed might stimulate immune function. However, other animal studies suggest that black seed may suppress immune function.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Theoretically, black seed might increase or decrease levels and effects of phenytoin.
In vitro research suggests that thymoquinone, a constituent of black seed, can decrease the metabolism of phenytoin. This effect may be due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). However, animal research shows that black seed decreases the maximum concentration of and total systemic exposure to phenytoin by 57% and 87%, respectively. This seems to be related to increased clearance and steady state volume of distribution. This interaction has not been shown in humans.
Serotonergic Drugs
Theoretically, combining serotonergic drugs with black seed might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders.
Animal research suggests that black seed can increase brain serotonin levels. In one case report, a 35-year-old man undergoing endoscopic surgery experienced immediate postoperative serotonin syndrome that was likely associated with the use of black seed oil 600 mg daily starting 4 days before surgery, and precipitated by the use of serotonergic pain medications, including fentanyl and oxycodone. Monitor patients for signs of serotonin syndrome and other serotonergic side effects if using black seed with serotonergic drugs.
Sildenafil (Viagra)
Theoretically, black seed might reduce plasma levels and the therapeutic effects of sildenafil.
Animal research shows that black seed reduces the total systemic exposure to sildenafil by 43%. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, black seed might increase levels of warfarin and increase the risk of bleeding.
In vitro research suggests that thymoquinone, a constituent of black seed, can decrease the metabolism of warfarin. This effect may be due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). The effect of black seed on warfarin metabolism is unclear. This has not been shown in humans.
Prednisolone
Theoretically black seed might reduce plasma levels and therapeutic effects of prednisolone.
In animal research, oral administration of a single dose of black seed oil 15 minutes prior to oral prednisolone decreases the prednisolone maximum plasma concentration by 65% and area under the curve by 25%. This has not been shown in humans.
Grape Seed Extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that grape extracts might decrease platelet aggregation.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Ingesting grape juice with cyclosporine can reduce cyclosporine absorption.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy young adults shows that intake of purple grape juice 200 mL along with cyclosporine can decrease the absorption of cyclosporine by up to 30% when compared with water. Separate doses of grape juice and cyclosporine by at least 2 hours to avoid this interaction.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, grape juice might reduce the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy adults shows that ingestion of 200 mL of grape juice decreases phenacetin plasma levels. This is thought to be due to induction of CYP1A2.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, grape seed extract may increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
In vitro evidence suggests that grape seed extract might inhibit CYP2D6 enzymes. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates
Theoretically, grape seed extract might increase the levels of CYP2E1 substrates.
In vitro and animal research suggests that grape seed proanthocyanidin extract inhibits CYP2E1 enzymes. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
In vitro evidence suggests that grape seed extract might inhibit CYP3A4 enzymes. However, evidence from animal research shows that grape seed extract may induce CYP3A4 in the liver. So far, these interactions have not been reported in humans.
Midazolam (Versed)
Theoretically, long-term intake of grape seed extract might decrease the effects of midazolam.
Animal research shows that subchronic ingestions of grape seed extract can increase the elimination of intravenous midazolam by increasing hepatic CYP3A4 activity. Single doses of grape seed extract do not appear to affect midazolam elimination.
Phenacetin
Grape juice might decrease phenacetin absorption.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy adults shows that ingestion of 200 mL of grape juice decreases phenacetin plasma levels. This is thought to be due to induction of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2).
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
It is unclear if grape juice or grape seed extract inhibits CYP2C9; research is conflicting.
In vitro evidence shows that grape seed extract or grape juice might inhibit CYP2C9 enzymes. However, a small pharmacokinetic study in healthy adults shows that drinking 8 ounces of grape juice once does not affect the clearance of flurbiprofen, a probe-drug for CYP2C9 metabolism. The effects of continued grape juice consumption are unclear.
Wormwood
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
In vitro research shows that the Sweet Annie constituent artemisinin induces CYP2B6, possibly increasing CYP2B6 activity by 1.6-fold. However, Sweet Annie extract seems to inhibit the activity of CYP2B6 in vitro, suggesting that other constituents of Sweet Annie play a role in its effects on the overall activity of this enzyme. More information is needed to determine whether taking Sweet Annie extract affects the metabolism of CYP2B6 substrates.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that the Sweet Annie constituent artemisinin induces CYP3A4, possibly increasing CYP3A4 activity by 1.9-fold. However, Sweet Annie extract seems to inhibit the activity of CYP3A4 in vitro, suggesting that other constituents of Sweet Annie play a role in its effects on the overall activity of this enzyme. More information is needed to determine whether taking Sweet Annie extract affects the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
There is some concern that Sweet Annie can adversely affect the liver.
Lime
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4. This has been demonstrated in rats treated with sildenafil, a CYP3A4 substrate, and high doses of lime juice.
Photosensitizing Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of lime oil with photosensitizing drugs may increase the risk of phototoxicity.
Beet
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that betanin, the major pigment in beet, competitively inhibits CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner similarly to strong CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Beet and beetroot contain nitrates, which can cause vasodilation, potentially leading to lower blood pressure. However, a study published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition using concentrated beetroot juice found no significant impact on blood pressure or heart rate in different age groups. Other small clinical studies suggest that while beet consumption might transiently lower blood pressure due to vessel dilation, there's no consistent evidence of a lasting effect. Overall, the theoretical risk of reduced blood pressure due to beet's nitrate content exists, but studies generally indicate a low and temporary impact rather than a sustained decrease.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that beet induces CYP1A2 enzymes.
Passion flower extract
Cns Depressants
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Research in animals and humans shows that passion flower has sedative effects which can be additive when used with sedative medications like lorazepam.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that passion flower can induce CYP3A4 enzymes, albeit to a much lower degree than rifampin, a known CYP3A4 inducer.
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that the passion flower constituents apigenin and vitexin inhibit OATP2B1 and OATP1A2. This inhibition may be dose-dependent. One specific high-flavonoid passion flower extract (Valverde) seems to inhibit OATP2B1 and OATP1A2, while another extract with a lower flavonoid concentration (Arkocaps) shows less potent inhibition. OATPs are responsible for the uptake of drugs and other compounds into the body; however, the specific activities of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 are not well characterized.
Echinacea angustifolia
Caffeine
Echinacea can increase plasma levels of caffeine by inhibiting its metabolism.
Echinacea seems to increase plasma concentrations of caffeine by around 30%. This is likely due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) by echinacea.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Echinacea appears to inhibit CYP1A2 enzymes in humans. Additionally, echinacea seems to increase plasma concentrations of caffeine, a CYP1A2 substrate, by around 30%. Theoretically, echinacea might increase levels of other drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4. This may increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Several clinical trials have shown that taking echinacea for up to one month does not significantly affect the metabolism of various CYP3A4 substrates, including midazolam, docetaxel, etravirine, lopinavir-ritonavir, and darunavir-ritonavir. However, other clinical research shows that echinacea may increase the clearance of midazolam, suggesting that echinacea might induce CYP3A4. The discrepancy is thought to be due to differing effects of echinacea on intestinal versus hepatic CYP3A4 enzymes. Echinacea appears to induce hepatic CYP3A4 but inhibit intestinal CYP3A4. In some cases, these effects might cancel each other out, but in others, drug levels may be increased or decreased depending on the level of effect at hepatic and intestinal sites. The effect of echinacea on CYP3A4 activity may differ depending on the CYP3A4 substrate.
Etoposide (Vepesid)
Echinacea may increase levels of etoposide.
In one report, concomitant use of etoposide and echinacea was associated with more severe thrombocytopenia than the use of etoposide alone, suggesting inhibition of etoposide metabolism. Etoposide is a cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrate. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but some studies have reported inhibition of the enzyme.
Immunosuppressants
Echinacea has immunostimulant activity which may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy.
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy because of its immunostimulant activity.
Darunavir (Prezista)
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of darunavir; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Darunavir is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and is administered with the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir to increase its plasma concentrations. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but administration of an E. purpurea root extract (Arkocapsulas Echinacea, Arkopharma) 500 mg four times daily for 14 days did not affect darunavir/ritonavir pharmacokinetics in 15 HIV-infected patients.
Dayquil Severe
Echinacea is reported to have varying effects on a number of Cytochrome P450 metabolizing enzymes in the liver, including CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, which play a role in acetaminophen and dextromethorphan metabolism (both contained in DayQuil Severe), respectively. Studies have reported both enzyme inhibition and induction, making it difficult to predict clinically significant drug interactions with reliability. Specific drug interaction studies reporting definitive results are rare, and potential drug interactions involving echinacea should likely be taken on a case-by-case basis. Based on what we know about how acetaminophen and dextromethorphan are metabolized, the risk of a clinically significant interaction between echinacea and DayQuil Severe is low.
Docetaxel (Taxotere)
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of docetaxel; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Docetaxel is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea whole plant extract (Echinaforce, A. Vogel Biopharma AG) 20 drops three times daily for 2 weeks did not alter the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel in one clinical study.
Etravirine (Intelence)
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of etravirine; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Etravirine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea root extract (Arkocapsulas Echinacea, Arkopharma) 500 mg three times daily for 14 days did not alter the pharmacokinetics of etravirine in HIV-infected patients.
Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra)
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of lopinavir; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Lopinavir is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and is administered with the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir to increase its plasma concentrations. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea (Echinamide, Natural Factors Nutritional Products, Inc.) 500 mg three times daily for 14 days did not alter the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir in healthy volunteers.
Midazolam (Versed)
Theoretically, echinacea may increase the metabolism of intravenous midazolam.
Echinacea induces hepatic CYP3A4 and might decrease plasma levels of midazolam by about 20%, reducing the effectiveness of intravenous midazolam. Echinacea also appears to inhibit intestinal CYP3A4, which could theoretically increase the bioavailability of oral midazolam. This may cancel out the decrease in availability caused by induction of hepatic CYP3A4, such that overall plasma levels after oral administration of midazolam are not affected by echinacea.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Echinacea seems to increase the clearance of warfarin, although the effect may not be clinically significant.
Preliminary clinical research in healthy male volunteers suggests that taking echinacea increases the clearance of the active S-isomer of warfarin after a single dose of warfarin, but there was not a clinically significant effect on the INR.
White Peony extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, combining peony with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
In vitro research suggests that peony might have antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and antithrombotic effects.
Clozapine (Clozaril)
Theoretically, peony might increase the levels and clinical effects of clozapine.
In vitro research shows that peony suppresses the metabolism of clozapine via weak-to-moderate inhibitory effects on cytochromes P450 (CYP) 1A2 and CYP3A4. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Contraceptive Drugs
Theoretically, peony might interfere with contraceptive drugs due to competition for estrogen receptors.
In vitro and animal research shows that peony extract has estrogenic activity. Concomitant use might also increase the risk for estrogen-related adverse effects.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research shows that peony suppresses the metabolism of clozapine via weak-to-moderate inhibitory effects on CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that peony suppresses the metabolism of clozapine via weak-to-moderate inhibitory effects on CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Estrogens
Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of peony might interfere with hormone replacement therapy and/or increase the risk for estrogen-related adverse effects.
In vitro and animal research shows that peony extract has estrogenic activity. Theoretically, peony might compete for estrogen receptors and/or cause additive estrogenic effects.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Theoretically, peony might reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenytoin.
Animal research shows that taking peony root reduces levels of phenytoin. Some researchers suggest that peony root might affect cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9, which metabolizes phenytoin. However, preliminary research in humans shows that peony root does not alter levels of losartan (Cozaar), which is also metabolized by CYP2C9.
Schisandra extract
Cyclophosphamide
Theoretically, schisandra might increase the levels and clinical effects of cyclophosphamide.
In vitro research shows that schisandra increases the concentration of cyclophosphamide, likely through inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4. After multiple doses of the schisandra constituents schisandrin A and schisantherin A, the maximum concentration of cyclophosphamide was increased by 7% and 75%, respectively, while the overall exposure to cyclophosphamide was increased by 29% and 301%, respectively.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of cyclosporine.
A small observational study in children with aplastic anemia found that taking schisandra with cyclosporine increased cyclosporine trough levels by 93% without increasing the risk of adverse events. However, the dose of cyclosporine was reduced in 9% of children to maintain appropriate cyclosporine blood concentrations.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, schisandra might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research shows that schisandra inhibits CYP2C19, and animal research shows that schisandra increases the concentration of voriconazole, a CYP2C19 substrate. Theoretically, schisandra may also inhibit the metabolism of other CYP2C19 substrates. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, schisandra might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro and animal research suggests that schisandra induces CYP2C9 enzymes. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Most clinical and laboratory research shows that schisandra, administered either as a single dose or up to twice daily for 14 days, inhibits CYP3A4 and increases the concentration of CYP3A4 substrates such as cyclophosphamide, midazolam, tacrolimus, and talinolol. Although one in vitro and animal study shows that schisandra may induce CYP3A4 metabolism, this effect appears to be overpowered by schisandra's CYP3A4 inhibitory activity and has not been reported in humans.
Midazolam (Versed)
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of midazolam.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy adults shows that taking schisandra extract (Hezheng Pharmaceutical Co.) containing deoxyschizandrin 33.75 mg twice daily for 8 days and a single dose of midazolam 15 mg on day 8 increases the overall exposure to midazolam by about 119%, increases the peak plasma level of midazolam by 86%, and decreases midazolam clearance by about 52%. This effect has been attributed to inhibition of CYP3A4 by schisandra.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Schisandra might increase the levels and clinical effects of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that schisandra extracts and constituents such as schisandrin B inhibit P-glycoprotein mediated efflux in intestinal cells and in P-glycoprotein over-expressing cell lines. Additionally, a small clinical study shows that schisandra increases the peak concentration and overall exposure to talinolol, a P-glycoprotein probe substrate. Theoretically, schisandra might inhibit the efflux of other P-glycoprotein substrates.
Sirolimus (Rapamune)
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of sirolimus.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that taking 3 capsules of schisandra (Hezheng Pharmaceutical Company) containing a total of 33.75 mg deoxyschizandrin twice daily for 13 days and then taking a single dose of sirolimus 2 mg increases the overall exposure and peak level of sirolimus by two-fold. This effect is thought to be due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 by schisandra, as well as possible inhibition of the P-glycoprotein drug transporter.
Tacrolimus (Prograf)
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of tacrolimus.
Clinical research in healthy children and adults, transplant patients, and patients with nephrotic syndrome and various rheumatic immunologic disorders shows that taking schisandra with tacrolimus increases tacrolimus peak levels by 183% to 268%, prolongs or delays time to peak tacrolimus concentrations, increases overall exposure to tacrolimus by 126% to 343%, and decreases tacrolimus clearance by 19% to 73%. This effect is thought to be due to inhibition of P-glycoprotein drug transporter and CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 by schisandra. Some clinical and observational studies suggest that schisandra increases tacrolimus levels similarly in both expressors and non-expressors of CYP3A5, while other studies suggest it does so to a greater degree in CYP3A5 expressors than non-expressors. Animal research suggests that the greatest increase in tacrolimus levels occurs when schisandra is taken either concomitantly or up to 2 hours before tacrolimus, and clinical and observational research in humans suggests that schisandra may increase whole blood levels of tacrolimus and decrease clearance of tacrolimus in a dose-dependent manner.
Talinolol
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of talinolol.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that taking schisandra extract 300 mg twice daily for 14 days with a single dose of talinolol 100 mg on day 14 increases the peak talinolol level by 51% and the overall exposure to talinolol by 47%. This effect is thought to be due to the possible inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein by schisandra.
tly.
Voriconazole (Vfend)
Theoretically, schisandra might increase the levels and clinical effects of voriconazole.
Animal research shows that oral schisandra given daily for 1 or 14 days increases levels of intravenously administered voriconazole, a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 substrate. This effect is thought to be due to inhibition of CYP2C19 by schisandra. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, schisandra might decrease the levels and clinical effects of warfarin.
Animal research suggests that oral schisandra extract, given daily for 6 days, reduces levels of intravenously administered warfarin. This effect might be due to the induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 metabolism by schisandra. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Uva Ursi dried extract
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro, uva ursi appears to inhibit cytochrome CYP2C19. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro, uva ursi appears to inhibit CYP3A4. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Glucuronidated Drugs
Theoretically, uva ursi may increase levels of drugs metabolized by glucuronidation.
In vitro, uva ursi extract appears to strongly inhibit UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 (UGT1A1). However, uva ursi extract does not appear to inhibit UGT1A1 in animal models. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Lithium
Theoretically, uva ursi may increase lithium levels, necessitating a decrease in dose.
Uva ursi may have diuretic properties. Diuretics may increase lithium reabsorption with sodium in the proximal tubule of the kidney. Theoretically, uva ursi might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Urinary Acidifying Agents
Effects of uva ursi in the urinary tract may be reduced by urinary acidifying agents.
Uva ursi seems to work best in alkaline urine. Theoretically, taking uva ursi with medications known to acidify the urine may decrease any effects of uva ursi on the urinary tract.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
In vitro, uva ursi appears to inhibit the multi-drug transporter protein, P-glycoprotein. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Peppermint extract
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Theoretically, peppermint oil might increase the levels and adverse effects of cyclosporine.
In animal research, peppermint oil inhibits cyclosporine metabolism and increases cyclosporine levels. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) may be partially responsible for this interaction. An interaction between peppermint oil and cyclosporine has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research shows that peppermint oil inhibits CYP2C19. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that peppermint oil inhibits CYP2C9. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that a single dose of peppermint oil 600 mg inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes and increases the AUC of felodipine, a CYP3A4 substrate. However, in vitro research suggests that peppermint oil only inhibits CYP3A4 at very high concentrations.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro and animal research shows that peppermint oil and peppermint leaf inhibit CYP1A2. However, in clinical research, peppermint tea did not significantly affect the metabolism of caffeine, a CYP1A2 substrate. It is possible that the 6-day duration of treatment may have been too short to identify a difference.
Vitamin E
Alkylating Agents
Theoretically, antioxidant effects of vitamin E might reduce the effectiveness of alkylating agents.
There's concern that antioxidants could reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs which generate free radicals, such as cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, carmustine, busulfan, and thiotepa. However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin E have on chemotherapy. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using vitamin E supplements, especially in high doses.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Vitamin E seems to inhibit of platelet aggregation and antagonize the effects of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. These effects appear to be dose-dependent, and are probably only likely to be clinically significant with doses of at least 800 units daily. Mixed tocopherols, such as those found in food, might have a greater antiplatelet effect than alpha-tocopherol. RRR alpha-tocopherol (natural vitamin E) 1000 IU daily antagonizes vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Advise patients to avoid high doses of vitamin E, especially in people with low vitamin K intake or other risk factors for bleeding.
Antitumor Antibiotics
Theoretically, antioxidant effects of vitamin E might reduce the effectiveness of antitumor antibiotics.
There's concern that antioxidants could reduce the activity of antitumor antibiotic drugs such as doxorubicin, which generate free radicals. However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin E have on chemotherapy involving antitumor antibiotics. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using vitamin E supplements, especially in high doses.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
A specific form of vitamin E might increase absorption and levels of cyclosporine.
There is some evidence that one specific formulation of vitamin E (D-alpha-tocopheryl-polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate, TPGS, tocophersolan, Liqui-E) might increase absorption of cyclosporine. This vitamin E formulation forms micelles which seems to increase absorption of cyclosporine by 40% to 72% in some patients. However, this interaction is unlikely to occur with the usual forms of vitamin E.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Vitamin E appears to bind with the nuclear receptor, pregnane X receptor (PXR), which results in increased expression of CYP3A4. Although the clinical significance of this is not known, use caution when considering concomitant use of vitamin E and other drugs affected by these enzymes.
Selumetinib (Koselugo)
Taking selumetinib with vitamin E can result in a total daily dose of vitamin E that exceeds safe limits and therefore might increase the risk of bleeding.
Selumetinib contains 48-54 IU vitamin E per capsule. The increased risk of bleeding with vitamin E appears to be dose-dependent. Be cautious when using selumetinib in combination with supplemental vitamin E, especially in patients at higher risk of bleed, such as those with chronic conditions and those taking antiplatelet drugs.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Using vitamin E with warfarin might increase the risk of bleeding.
Due to interference with production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, use of more than 400 IU of vitamin E daily with warfarin might increase prothrombin time (PT), INR, and the risk of bleeding,. At a dose of 1000 IU per day, vitamin E can antagonize vitamin K-dependent clotting factors even in people not taking warfarin. Limited clinical evidence suggests that doses up to 1200 IU daily may be used safely by patients taking warfarin, but this may not be applicable in all patient populations.
Niacin
Vitamin E might decrease the beneficial effects of niacin on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.
A combination of niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) effectively raises high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in people with coronary disease and low HDL levels. Clinical research shows that taking a combination of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and selenium) along with niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) attenuates this rise in HDL, specifically the HDL-2 and apolipoprotein A1 fractions, by more than 50%. Vitamin E alone combined with a statin does not seem to decrease HDL levels. It is not known whether the adverse effect on HDL is due to one of the other antioxidants or to the combination. It also is not known whether it will occur in other patient populations.
Fennel
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, fennel might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Animal research suggests that fennel oil has antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects.
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Theoretically, fennel might decrease the levels and clinical effects of ciprofloxacin.
Animal research shows that fennel reduces ciprofloxacin bioavailability by nearly 50%, possibly due to the metal cations such as calcium, iron, and magnesium contained in fennel. This study also found that fennel increased tissue distribution and slowed elimination of ciprofloxacin.
Contraceptive Drugs
Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might decrease the effects of contraceptive drugs due to competition for estrogen receptors.
Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research suggests that fennel inhibits CYP3A4 enzyme activity. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Estrogens
Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might interfere with hormone replacement therapy due to competition for estrogen receptors.
Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity.
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might decrease the antiestrogenic effect of tamoxifen.
Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity, which may interfere with the antiestrogenic activity of tamoxifen.
Niacin
Alcohol (Ethanol)
Concomitant use of alcohol and niacin might increase the risk of flushing and hepatotoxicity.
Alcohol can exacerbate the flushing and pruritus associated with niacin. Large doses of niacin might also exacerbate liver dysfunction associated with chronic alcohol use. A case report describes delirium and lactic acidosis in a patient taking niacin 3 grams daily who ingested 1 liter of wine. Advise patients to avoid large amounts of alcohol while taking niacin.
Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
Theoretically, niacin might antagonize the therapeutic effects of uricosurics such as allopurinol.
Large doses of niacin can reduce urinary excretion of uric acid, potentially resulting in hyperuricemia. Doses of uricosurics such as allopurinol might need to be increased to maintain control of gout in patients who start taking niacin. People who have frequent attacks of gout despite uricosuric therapy should avoid niacin.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, niacin may have additive effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Several cases of clotting factor synthesis deficiency and coagulopathy have been reported in patients taking sustained-release niacin. Also, thrombocytopenia has been reported in patients treated with niacin or niacin plus lovastatin.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Niacin can increase blood glucose levels and may diminish the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
Niacin impairs glucose tolerance in a dose-dependent manner, probably by causing or aggravating insulin resistance and increasing hepatic production of glucose. In diabetes patients, niacin 4.5 grams daily for 5 weeks can increase plasma glucose by an average of 16% and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by 21%. However, lower doses of 1.5 grams daily or less appear to have minimal effects on blood glucose. In some patients, glucose levels increase when niacin is started, but then return to baseline when a stable dose is reached. Up to 35% of patients with diabetes may need adjustments in hypoglycemic therapy when niacin is added.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, niacin may increase the risk of hypotension when used with antihypertensive drugs.
The vasodilating effects of niacin can cause hypotension. Furthermore, some clinical evidence suggests that a one-hour infusion of niacin can reduce systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure in hypertensive patients. This effect is not observed in normotensive patients.
Bile Acid Sequestrants
Bile acid sequestrants can bind niacin and decrease absorption. Separate administration by 4-6 hours to avoid an interaction.
In vitro studies show that colestipol (Colestid) binds about 98% of available niacin and cholestyramine (Questran) binds 10% to 30%.
Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and gemfibrozil might increase the risk of myopathy in some patients.
A case of myopathy from concomitant use of niacin and gemfibrozil has been reported. Niacin alone has also been associated with cases of myopathy. Using gemfibrozil with niacin might further increase the risk of developing myopathy.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Niacin has been associated with cases of liver toxicity, especially when used in pharmacologic doses. Sustained-release niacin preparations appear to be associated with a higher risk of hepatotoxicity than immediate-release niacin.
Hmg-Coa Reductase Inhibitors ("Statins")
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and statins might increase the risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis in some patients.
Some case reports have raised concerns that niacin might increase the risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis when combined with statins. However, a significantly increased risk of myopathy has not been demonstrated in clinical trials, including those using an FDA-approved combination of lovastatin and niacin (Advicor).
Probenecid (Benemid)
Theoretically, niacin might antagonize the therapeutic effects of uricosurics such as probenecid.
Large doses of niacin reduce urinary excretion of uric acid, potentially causing hyperuricemia. Doses of uricosurics such as probenecid might need to be increased to maintain control of gout in patients who start taking niacin. People who have frequent attacks of gout despite uricosuric therapy should avoid niacin.
Sulfinpyrazone (Anturane)
Theoretically, niacin might antagonize the therapeutic effects of uricosurics such as sulfinpyrazone.
Large doses of niacin reduce urinary excretion of uric acid, potentially causing hyperuricemia. Doses of uricosurics such as sulfinpyrazone might need to be increased to maintain control of gout in patients who start taking niacin. People who have frequent attacks of gout despite uricosuric therapy should avoid niacin.
Thyroid Hormone
Theoretically, niacin might antagonize the therapeutic effects of thyroid hormones.
Clinical research and case reports suggests that taking niacin can reduce serum levels of thyroxine-binding globulin by up to 25% and moderately reduce levels of thyroxine (T4). Patients taking thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism might need dose adjustments when using niacin.
Transdermal Nicotine (Nicoderm)
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and transdermal nicotine might increase the risk of flushing and dizziness.
Niacin and nicotine can both cause flushing and dizziness.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
There is limited evidence that niacin may increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
In a case report, a patient on warfarin developed an elevated international normalized ratio (INR) of 3.9 after taking niacin for two weeks. The patient's INR was previously stable, ranging between 2 and 3 in recent months, and no other medication changes were identified. The elevated INR returned to therapeutic range within 4 days following the discontinuation of niacin.
Aspirin
Large doses of aspirin might alter the clearance of niacin.
Aspirin is often used with niacin to reduce niacin-induced flushing. Doses of 80-975 mg aspirin have been used, but 325 mg appears to be optimal. Aspirin also seems to reduce the clearance of niacin by competing for glycine conjugation. Taking aspirin 1 gram seems to reduce niacin clearance by 45%. This is probably a dose-related effect and not clinically significant with the more common aspirin dose of 325 mg.
Cilantro
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, coriander might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Evidence from animal research suggests that coriander fruit and coriander extract can reduce blood glucose levels. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, coriander might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Evidence from animal research suggests that coriander fruit can lower blood pressure.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, coriander might cause additive sedative effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Evidence from animal research suggests that coriander fruit extract has sedative effects.
Photosensitizing Drugs
Theoretically, coriander might increase the risk of photosensitivity when taken with photosensitizing drugs.
Evidence from in vitro research suggests that coriandrin, a constituent of coriander, has photosensitizing effects.
Vitamin D
Aluminum
Vitamin D might increase aluminum absorption and toxicity, but this has only been reported in people with renal failure.
The protein that transports calcium across the intestinal wall can also bind and transport aluminum. This protein is stimulated by vitamin D, which may therefore increase aluminum absorption. This mechanism may contribute to increased aluminum levels and toxicity in people with renal failure, when they take vitamin D and aluminum-containing phosphate binders chronically.
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Vitamin D might reduce absorption of atorvastatin.
A small, low-quality clinical study shows that taking vitamin D reduces levels of atorvastatin and its active metabolites by up to 55%. However, while atorvastatin levels decreased, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels did not substantially change. Atorvastatin is metabolized in the gut by CYP3A4 enzymes, and researchers theorized that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4, causing reduced levels of atorvastatin. However, this proposed mechanism was not specifically studied.
Calcipotriene (Dovonex)
Taking calcipotriene with vitamin D increases the risk for hypercalcemia.
Calcipotriene is a vitamin D analog used topically for psoriasis. It can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to cause systemic effects, including hypercalcemia. Theoretically, combining calcipotriene with vitamin D supplements might increase the risk of hypercalcemia.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can increase the risk of arrhythmia from digoxin.
High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia increases the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias with digoxin. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and digoxin concurrently.
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Others)
Theoretically, hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can reduce the therapeutic effects of diltiazem for arrhythmia.
High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically this could also occur with diltiazem. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and diltiazem concurrently.
Thiazide Diuretics
Theoretically, taking thiazide diuretics and high-dose vitamin D can increase the risk of hypercalcemia.
Thiazide diuretics decrease urinary calcium excretion, which could lead to hypercalcemia if vitamin D supplements are taken concurrently. This has been reported in people being treated with vitamin D for hypoparathyroidism, and also in elderly people with normal parathyroid function who were taking a thiazide, vitamin D, and calcium-containing antacids daily.
Verapamil (Calan, Others)
Hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can reduce the therapeutic effects of verapamil for arrhythmia.
Hypercalcemia due to high doses of vitamin D can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and verapamil concurrently.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
There is some concern that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4. In vitro research suggests that vitamin D induces CYP3A4 transcription. Additionally, observational research has found that increased UV light exposure and serum vitamin D levels are associated with decreased serum levels of CYP3A4 substrates such as tacrolimus and sirolimus, while no association between UV light exposure or vitamin D levels and levels of mycophenolic acid, a non-CYP3A4 substrate, was found. A small, low-quality clinical study shows that taking vitamin D reduces levels of the CYP3A4 substrate atorvastatin and its active metabolites by up to 55%; however, the clinical effects of atorvastatin were not reduced. While researchers theorized that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4, this proposed mechanism was not specifically studied.
Cranberry
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Theoretically, cranberry might increase levels and adverse effects of atorvastatin.
In one case report, a patient taking atorvastatin experienced upper back pain, rhabdomyolysis, and abnormal liver function after drinking cranberry juice 16 ounces daily for 2 weeks. Theoretically, this may have been caused by inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes by cranberry juice, as atorvastatin is a CYP3A4 substrate. Creatinine kinase and liver enzymes normalized within 2 weeks of stopping cranberry juice. Patients taking atorvastatin should avoid large quantities of cranberry juice.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
A case of upper back pain, rhabdomyolysis, and abnormal liver function has been reported for a patient taking atorvastatin, a CYP3A4 substrate, in combination with cranberry juice 16 ounces daily for 2 weeks. Creatinine kinase and liver enzymes normalized within 2 weeks of stopping cranberry juice. Also, animal research suggests that cranberry juice, administered intraduodenally 30 minutes prior to nifedipine, a CYP3A4 substrate, inhibits nifedipine metabolism and increases the area under the concentration-time curve by 1.6-fold compared to control.
Nifedipine (Procardia)
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of nifedipine.
Animal research suggests that cranberry juice, administered intraduodenally 30 minutes prior to nifedipine treatment, inhibits nifedipine metabolism and increases the area under the concentration-time curve by 1.6-fold compared to control. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of warfarin. However, research is conflicting.
There is contradictory evidence about the effect of cranberry juice on warfarin. Case reports have linked cranberry juice consumption to increases in the international normalized ratio (INR) in patients taking warfarin, resulting in severe spontaneous bleeding and excessive postoperative bleeding. Daily consumption of cranberry sauce for one week has also been linked to an increase in INR in one case report. In a small study in healthy young males, taking a high dose of 3 grams of cranberry juice concentrate capsules, equivalent to 57 grams of fruit daily, for 2 weeks produced a 30% increase in the area under the INR-time curve after a single 25-mg dose of warfarin. However, 3 very small clinical studies in patients stabilized on warfarin reported that cranberry juice 250 mL once or twice daily for 7 days (27% cranberry juice or pure cranberry juice) or 240 mL once daily for 14 days does not significantly increase INR or affect plasma warfarin levels. The reasons for these discrepant findings are unclear. It is possible that the form and dose of cranberry may play a role, as cranberry extracts and juices contain different constituents. Additionally, an in vitro study evaluating 5 different cranberry juices found varying effects, with only a cranberry concentrate, and not diluted cranberry juices, inhibiting CYP2C9. However, this concentrate did not inhibit CYP2C9 activity in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C9 substrates. However, research is conflicting.
There is contradictory evidence about the effect of cranberry on CYP2C9 enzymes. In vitro evidence suggests that flavonoids in cranberry inhibit CYP2C9 enzymes. However, clinical research shows that cranberry juice does not significantly affect the levels, metabolism, or elimination of the CYP2C9 substrates flurbiprofen or diclofenac. Also, in patients stabilized on warfarin, drinking cranberry juice 250 mL daily for 7 days does not significantly increase the anticoagulant activity of warfarin, a CYP2C9 substrate. Additional pharmacokinetic research shows that cranberry juice does not increase peak plasma concentrations or area under the concentration-time curve of warfarin.
Diclofenac (Voltaren, Others)
Theoretically, cranberry might modestly increase the levels and adverse effects of diclofenac.
In vitro evidence suggests that cranberry juice inhibits diclofenac metabolism by human liver microsomes. However, drinking cranberry juice does not seem to affect diclofenac metabolism in humans.
Garcinia cambogia extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, hydroxycitric acid (HCA), the main active ingredient in garcinia, might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
HCA inhibits platelet aggregation in vitro. The inhibitory effect seems to be greater in platelets extracted from diabetic subjects than non-diabetic subjects.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, hydroxycitric acid (HCA), the main active ingredient in garcinia, might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
HCA reduces fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels in animal models, theoretically by delaying glucose absorption. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
There have been reports of acute hepatitis with elevated liver enzymes associated with garcinia, when taken alone or in combination with other ingredients. Case reports collected from the Drug Induced Liver Injury Network suggest this risk may be greater in people who carry the HLA B*35:01 allele.
Serotonergic Drugs
Theoretically, combining garcinia with other serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome.
In one report, a patient experienced serotonin syndrome after taking garcinia extract (60% hydroxycitric acid) 1000 mg daily in combination with escitalopram 20 mg, which had been taken for a year. The patient was switched to sertraline 50 mg daily and again experienced serotonin syndrome.
Rhubarb
Corticosteroids
Theoretically, frequent and high doses of rhubarb might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with corticosteroids.
Rhubarb has stimulant laxative effects. Overuse of rhubarb might compound corticosteroid-induced potassium loss.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Theoretically, taking rhubarb with cyclosporine might reduce cyclosporine levels.
Animal research shows that co-administration of rhubarb decoction 0.25 or 1 gram/kg with cyclosporine 2.5 mg/kg, decreases cyclosporine maximum plasma concentration and overall exposure levels when compared with taking cyclosporine alone. The authors theorize that rhubarb might reduce cyclosporine bioavailability by inducing of P-glycoprotein and/or cytochrome P450 3A4. However, since rhubarb was administered as a single oral dose and enzyme induction usually occurs after multiple doses, it is possible that cyclosporine absorption was actually reduced via rhubarb's stimulant laxative effects. Also, the composition of the rhubarb decoction was not described.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, overuse of rhubarb might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with digoxin.
Rhubarb has stimulant laxative effects. Overuse of rhubarb might cause potassium depletion, increasing the risk of digoxin toxicity.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, frequent and high doses of rhubarb might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Rhubarb has stimulant laxative effects. Overuse of rhubarb might cause potassium depletion and compound diuretic-induced potassium loss.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of rhubarb with potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Some animal research suggests that anthraquinones in rhubarb might have hepatotoxic effects. Also, rhubarb use has been linked to at least 24 cases of liver injury, although details on the dose of rhubarb and duration of use in these cases is unclear.
Nephrotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, long-term use of anthraquinones from rhubarb might increase the risk of nephrotoxicity when used with nephrotoxic drugs.
The anthraquinone constituents of rhubarb have been shown to induce nephrotoxicity in animal research. Additionally, in a case report, a 23-year old female presented with kidney failure after taking 6 tablets of a proprietary slimming agent (found to contain the anthraquinones emodin and aloe-emodin from rhubarb) daily for 6 weeks and then adding diclofenac 25 mg 4 times daily for 2 days. The authors postulate that the anthraquinone constituents of rhubarb contributed to the renal dysfunction, and the addition of diclofenac, a nephrotoxic drug, led to renal failure. Until more is known, advise patients to avoid taking rhubarb if they are taking other potentially nephrotoxic drugs.
Stimulant Laxatives
Theoretically, rhubarb might increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte loss when taken with other stimulant laxatives.
Rhubarb has stimulant laxative effects. Concomitant use with stimulant laxatives might compound fluid and electrolyte loss.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, excessive use of rhubarb might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin.
Rhubarb has stimulant laxative effects and can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding. Advise patients who take warfarin not to take excessive amounts of rhubarb.
Celery
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, celery root might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Celery root contains the constituents falcarinol and falcarindiol. Laboratory research suggests that these constituents can inhibit platelet aggregation. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, celery seed extract might have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs.
Clinical research suggests that taking celery seed extract may reduce daytime systolic blood pressure by about 12 mmHg compared to less than 1 mmHg with placebo.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, celery might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro and animal research suggests that constituents of celery can inhibit CYP1A2. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)
Theoretically, celery seed might decrease the effects of levothyroxine.
Several cases of hypothyroidism with low T4 levels have been reported in people who were previously stabilized on levothyroxine and then started taking celery seed tablets. They presented with symptoms such as lethargy, bloating, and dry skin, and recovered when celery seed was stopped. However, celery stem and leaf has been associated with case reports of hyperthyroidism in patients with no pre-existing thyroid disorders.
Lithium
Theoretically, celery might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium due to potential diuretic effects.
Celery is thought to have diuretic properties. However, this effect has not been confirmed in humans.
Venlafaxine (Effexor)
Theoretically, celery root extract might increase blood levels of venlafaxine.
There is one case report of a patient who experienced medication-induced bipolar disorder after beginning to take celery root extract 1000 mg daily along with venlafaxine 75 mg and St. John's wort 600 mg daily. Symptoms included confusion, speech abnormalities, manic affect, and visual hallucinations. The plasma level of venlafaxine was 476.8 ng/mL (normal range 195-400 ng/mL). It is theorized that celery root increased venlafaxine levels by inhibiting cytochrome P450 2D6.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Others)
Theoretically, celery juice might increase the effects and side effects of acetaminophen.
Animal research suggests that concomitant use of celery juice plus acetaminophen prolongs the effects of acetaminophen. This effect has been attributed to a decrease in hepatic cytochrome P450 activity. However, other animal research shows that pretreatment with celery root extract protects against acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. These effects have not been reported in humans.
Photosensitizing Drugs
Theoretically, celery might increase the risk of photosensitivity reactions when taken with photosensitizing drugs.
Laboratory research shows that celery contains photosensitizing agents such as phenols and psoralens.
Tangerine
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). This suggests that tangeretin may stimulate CYP3A4 activity. However, in humans, drinking tangerine juice 200 mL slightly delayed the absorption, but did not affect the metabolism, of midazolam, a CYP3A4 substrate. Theoretically, tangerine juice might increase CYP3A4 activity and decrease levels of drugs metabolized by this enzyme. However, this effect is unlikely.
Some drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 include amitriptyline (Elavil), amiodarone (Cordarone), citalopram (Celexa), felodipine (Plendil), lansoprazole (Prevacid), ondansetron (Zofran), prednisone (Deltasone, Orasone), sertraline (Zoloft), sibutramine (Meridia), and many others.
Midazolam (Versed)
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, appears to increase the metabolism of midazolam in human liver microsomes by up to 52%. However, in humans, drinking tangerine juice 200 mL slightly delayed the absorption, but did not affect the metabolism, of midazolam. Theoretically, tangerine juice might increase the metabolism and reduce the effects of midazolam. However, this effect is unlikely.
Black Cherry
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes. Theoretically, wild cherry might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4. However, so far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Some drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 include lovastatin (Mevacor), ketoconazole (Nizoral), itraconazole (Sporanox), fexofenadine (Allegra), triazolam (Halcion), and others.
Flax
Antibiotic Drugs
Theoretically, antibiotics might interfere with the metabolism of flaxseed constituents, which could potentially alter the effects of flaxseed.
Some potential benefits of flaxseed are thought to be due to its lignan content. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), a major lignan precursor, is found in high concentrations in flaxseed. SDG is converted by bacteria in the colon to the lignans enterolactone and enterodiol. Antibiotics alter the flora of the colon, which could theoretically alter the metabolism of flaxseed.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, using flaxseed in combination with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.
Some clinical evidence suggests that the oil contained in flaxseed can decrease platelet aggregation.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, flaxseed might have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk for hypoglycemia.
Some clinical research suggests that flaxseed can lower blood glucose levels.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, flaxseed might have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs and increase the risk of hypotension.
Clinical research shows that daily flaxseed consumption, especially for longer than 12 weeks, modestly reduces blood pressure.
Estrogens
Theoretically, taking flaxseed might decrease the effects of estrogens.
Flaxseed contains lignans with mild estrogenic and possible antiestrogenic effects. The lignans seem to compete with circulating endogenous estrogen and might reduce estrogen binding to estrogen receptors, resulting in an anti-estrogen effect. It is unclear if this effect transfers to exogenously administered estrogens.
Kudzu extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, kudzu may increase the risk of bleeding if used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Kudzu isoflavones are reported to have antiplatelet activity.
Caffeine
Theoretically, taking kudzu with caffeine might increase levels of caffeine.
In healthy males injected with the kudzu constituent puerarin, caffeine clearance and metabolism is inhibited. This effect has been attributed to inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) enzyme, which is involved in caffeine metabolism. It is unclear if taking kudzu orally would have this same effect.
Estrogens
Theoretically, kudzu might alter the effects of estrogen therapy.
Some research suggests that kudzu has estrogenic effects. This may enhance or inhibit the effects of estrogen therapy.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
There is some concern that kudzu can adversely affect the liver.
Methotrexate (Trexall, Others)
Theoretically, taking kudzu with methotrexate might increase the risk of methotrexate toxicity.
Preclinical research suggests that kudzu extract greatly reduces the elimination and increases the toxicity of methotrexate. Kudzu might inhibit organic anion transporters (OATs) that are responsible for hepatobiliary and renal excretion of anions, similar to the interaction between methotrexate and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Theoretically, kudzu might interfere with tamoxifen activity.
Some research suggests that kudzu may have estrogenic effects.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking kudzu with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Kudzu might lower blood glucose levels and have additive effects in patients treated with antidiabetic agents. The dose of diabetes medications might need to be adjusted.
Alfalfa
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, alfalfa might reduce the anticoagulant activity of warfarin.
Alfalfa contains a large amount of vitamin K. This could theoretically interfere with the activity of warfarin.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, alfalfa might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that alfalfa decreases blood sugar in diabetic mice. Also, in one case report, a diabetic patient experienced hypoglycemia after consuming alfalfa extract. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.
Contraceptive Drugs
Theoretically, alfalfa might interfere with the activity of contraceptive drugs.
Alfalfa contains coumestrol, a phytoestrogen, and isoflavonoids, which have estrogenic effects.
Estrogens
Theoretically, alfalfa might interfere with hormone therapy.
Alfalfa contains coumestrol, a phytoestrogen, and isoflavonoids, which have estrogenic effects.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, alfalfa might decrease the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy.
In vitro research and human case reports suggest that alfalfa may have immunostimulant effects.
Photosensitizing Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Animal research suggests that excessive doses of alfalfa may increase photosensitivity, possibly due to its chlorophyll content. It is unclear if this effect would be clinically relevant in humans.
Gotu Kola extract
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, taking gotu kola might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
In vitro research suggests that gotu kola may have sedative effects via binding of GABA receptors.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
There are at least four case reports of hepatotoxicity associated with the use of gotu kola. However, more information is needed to determine if gotu kola was the causative factor in these cases.
Spearmint essential oil
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, spearmint might alter the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Animal research suggests that (-)-carvone, a major constituent of spearmint, has sedative effects. However, in humans, chewing spearmint-flavored gum induced arousal effects.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Animal research suggests that drinking spearmint tea for 30 days can increase markers of liver damage, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and cause liver degeneration and necrosis, in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.
L-Theanine
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theanine might lower blood pressure, potentiating the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research shows that theanine can lower blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive animals. Theoretically, concomitant use of theanine and antihypertensive drugs might potentiate the antihypertensive activity.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants. However, it is unclear if this concern is clinically relevant.
Theoretically, theanine may compete with glutamate and/or increase plasma gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, which could cause CNS depression. In one clinical study, some subjects taking oral theanine reported drowsiness.
Serotonergic Drugs
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting. Some studies suggest it can increase serotonin levels in the brain while others report that it may decrease them. Nevertheless, there have been no reports of l-theanine being a causative agent in serotonergic-related side effects or serotonin syndrome.
Noni
Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)
Theoretically, combining noni and ACE inhibitors might increase the risk of hyperkalemia.
Noni juice contains significant amounts of potassium, about 6 mEq/100 mL juice. This may increase the risk for hyperkalemia when used in conjunction with ACE inhibitors, which can also increase potassium levels.
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Arbs)
Theoretically, combining noni and ARBs might increase the risk of hyperkalemia.
Noni juice contains significant amounts of potassium, about 6 mEq/100 mL juice. This may increase the risk for hyperkalemia when used in conjunction with ARBs, which can also increase potassium levels.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, noni may increase the risk of hypotension when used in combination with antihypertensive drugs.
Preliminary clinical research suggests that drinking noni juice can reduce blood pressure in individuals with hypertension.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, taking noni with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
There is concern that noni might cause hepatotoxicity in some patients. Advise patients against combining noni with potentially hepatotoxic drugs.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Theoretically, taking noni fruit juice concomitantly with phenytoin may lower phenytoin levels and increase the risk of seizures.
In one case report, an adult taking phenytoin for partial seizures experienced low serum phenytoin levels while taking noni juice 90-200 mL daily. Serum phenytoin levels increased after decreasing noni juice consumption; similarly, serum phenytoin levels decreased after increasing noni juice consumption. Some researchers believe noni juice may induce cytochrome P450 2C9 enzymes, which would decrease phenytoin levels, but this has not been well studied. Patients may need additional monitoring when starting or stopping noni juice supplementation.
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Theoretically, combing noni and a potassium-sparing diuretic might increase the risk of hyperkalemia.
Noni juice contains significant amounts of potassium, about 6 mEq/100 mL juice. This may increase the risk for hyperkalemia when used in conjunction with potassium-sparing diuretics, which can also increase potassium levels.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, taking noni juice concomitantly with warfarin might decrease the effectiveness of warfarin.
In one case, a 41-year-old patient stabilized on warfarin had a decreased international normalized ratio (INR) following consumption of a specific commercial noni juice product (Noni juice 4 Everything). While the patient was still taking noni juice, an increase in warfarin dose did not produce an increase in INR. However, it should be noted that this particular product contained extracts and derivatives from more than 115 components, many of which contained vitamin K. Furthermore, vitamin K was listed as a separate ingredient of the product, suggesting that the product was possibly fortified with vitamin K. It has not been verified that noni fruit alone contains a significant amount of vitamin K or interacts with warfarin.
Ranitidine (Zantac)
Taking noni fruit with ranitidine might increase the levels and clinical effects of ranitidine.
Clinical evidence shows that taking an aqueous extract of noni fruit 30 minutes prior to taking a single oral dose of ranitidine can increase the rate of absorption and plasma concentration of ranitidine.
Sesame
Antidiabetes Drugs
Taking sesame oil with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical studies show that sesame oil can decrease plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Some clinical research in patients taking glibenclamide shows that using sesame oil or a blend of sesame oil and rice bran oil in place of other oil for cooking reduces plasma glucose more than glibenclamide alone. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Taking sesame oil with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Clinical research shows that replacing other cooking oil with sesame oil can lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in patients with or without hypertension. There is also some evidence that sesame oil has additive effects in patients also taking atenolol, nifedipine, and/or hydrochlorothiazide. In patients using nifedipine, using a blend of sesame oil and rice bran oil for cooking reduces both SBP and DBP more than nifedipine alone.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, sesame might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro, sesame inhibits CYP2C9. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Theoretically, sesame might interfere with tamoxifen.
In animal research, sesame seed reduces the tumor-inhibitory effect of tamoxifen by reducing apoptosis and increasing proliferation. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, sesame might alter the transport of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research suggests that sesamin, a constituent of sesame, can inhibit the multi-drug transporter protein, P-glycoprotein. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Nutmeg Essential Oil
Anticholinergic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of nutmeg and anticholinergic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of either agent.
Animal research suggests that nutmeg extract can inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels.
Cholinergic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of nutmeg with other cholinergic drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of cholinergic side effects.
Animal research suggests that nutmeg extract can inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, nutmeg might increase the risk of additive sedation when taken with CNS depressants.
Animal studies suggest that nutmeg extracts and several volatile oils in nutmeg, such as methyleugenol, isoeugenol, safrole, myristicin, trimyristin, 1,8-cineole, and geranyl acetate, have sedative effects. One animal study shows that petroleum ether extracts of nutmeg can potentiate the effects of pentobarbital or phenobarbital. However, evidence from other animal research suggests that the nutmeg constituent myristicin can actually reduce sleeping time in rats pretreated with phenobarbital.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, nutmeg might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Animal research suggests that intraperitoneal injections of myristicin, a constituent of nutmeg, can induce CYP1A2.
Phenobarbital (Luminal)
Theoretically, nutmeg might increase or decrease the effects and adverse effects of phenobarbital.
Some animal research suggests that myristicin, a constituent of nutmeg, can reduce sleeping time in rats pretreated with phenobarbital. However, other animal research suggests that petroleum ether extract of nutmeg can potentiate the effects of phenobarbital.
Buchu extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Buchu may have antiplatelet effects. Theoretically, buchu may enhance the effects of anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs and increase the risk of bleeding in some patients. Some anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), warfarin (Coumadin), and others.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Buchu contains pulegone, a known hepatotoxin. There is some concern that buchu may adversely affect the liver, especially when the leaf is used in large doses or the oil is ingested. Theoretically, concomitant use with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage. Some of these drugs include acarbose (Precose, Prandase), amiodarone (Cordarone), atorvastatin (Lipitor), azathioprine (Imuran), carbamazepine (Tegretol), cerivastatin (Baycol), diclofenac (Voltaren), felbamate (Felbatol), fenofibrate (Tricor), fluvastatin (Lescol), gemfibrozil (Lopid), isoniazid, itraconazole, (Sporanox), ketoconazole (Nizoral), leflunomide (Arava), lovastatin (Mevacor), methotrexate (Rheumatrex), nevirapine (Viramune), niacin, nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin), pioglitazone (Actos), pravastatin (Pravachol), pyrazinamide, rifampin (Rifadin), ritonavir (Norvir), rosiglitazone (Avandia), simvastatin (Zocor), tacrine (Cognex), tamoxifen, terbinafine (Lamisil), valproic acid, and zileuton (Zyflo)
Lithium
Buchu is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, buchu might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
Aloe vera extract
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with cardiac glycosides.
Overuse of aloe latex can increase the risk of adverse effects from cardiac glycoside drugs, such as digoxin, due to potassium depletion. Overuse of aloe, along with cardiac glycoside drugs, can increase the risk of toxicity.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, aloe gel might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that aloe gel can inhibit platelet aggregation. This inhibition was greater than that seen with celecoxib, but less than that seen with aspirin.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Aloe might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Preliminary clinical research suggests aloe gel might lower blood glucose levels and have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Overuse of aloe latex might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss, increasing the risk of hypokalemia.
Stimulant Laxatives
Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte loss when taken with stimulant laxatives.
Due to cathartic laxative effects of aloe latex, concomitant use with other stimulant laxatives might compound fluid and electrolyte loss.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin.
Aloe latex has stimulant laxative effects. In some people aloe latex can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding. Advise patients who take warfarin not to take excessive amounts of aloe vera.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that aloe extract induces CYP1A2 enzymes.
Dandelion
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, taking dandelion root along with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
In vitro research suggests that dandelion root inhibits platelet aggregation.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the risk for hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Laboratory research suggests that dandelion extract may have moderate alpha-glucosidase inhibitor activity and might also increase insulin secretion. Also, in a case report, a 58-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes who was being treated with insulin developed hypoglycemia 2 weeks after beginning to eat salads containing dandelion.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Laboratory research suggests that dandelion might inhibit CYP1A2. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, until more is known, watch for an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 in patients taking dandelion.
Glucuronidated Drugs
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
There is some preliminary evidence that dandelion might induce UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, a phase II enzyme.
Lithium
Theoretically, through diuretic effects, dandelion might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Animal research suggests that dandelion has diuretic properties. As diuretics can increase serum lithium levels, the dose of lithium might need to be decreased when taken with dandelion.
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with potassium-sparing diuretics.
Dandelion contains significant amounts of potassium.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Theoretically, dandelion might lower fluoroquinolone levels.
Animal research shows that dandelion reduces absorption of ciprofloxacin and can lower levels by 73%. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
Parsley
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, parsley might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Animal research suggests that parsley has antiplatelet effects.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, parsley might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that parsley might decrease blood glucose. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Laboratory research suggests that parsley can inhibit CYP1A2.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, parsley might enhance or interfere with the effects of diuretic drugs.
Animal research suggests that parsley seed extract increases urine elimination. Parsley leaf and root might also interfere with diuretic therapy due their purported aquaretic effects.
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Theoretically, parsley might increase the duration of pentobarbital effects.
Animal research suggests that parsley juice prolongs the action of pentobarbital, perhaps by decreasing cytochrome P450 levels. It is not known if this occurs in humans or if this applies to other barbiturates or sedatives.
Sirolimus (Rapamune)
Theoretically, large quantities of parsley might increase sirolimus levels.
In one case report, an adult female with a history of kidney transplant presented with elevated blood sirolimus levels, approximately 4-7 times greater than previous measures, after daily consumption of a juice containing approximately 30 grams of parsley for 7 days. Sirolimus levels returned to normal a week after the parsley juice was discontinued.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, large amounts of parsley leaf and root might decrease the effects of warfarin.
Parlsey contains vitamin K.
Aspirin
Theoretically, aspirin might increase the severity of allergic reactions to parsley.
In one case, severe urticaria and swelling were reported after taking aspirin with parsley in an individual with a known mild parsley allergy.
Cinnamon Essential Oil
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, cassia cinnamon may have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Cassia cinnamon may lower blood glucose levels, and have additive effects in patients treated with antidiabetic agents. Dose adjustments to diabetes medications might be necessary.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
There is some concern that ingesting large amounts of cassia cinnamon for an extended duration might cause hepatotoxicity in some people. Cassia cinnamon contains coumarin, which can cause hepatotoxicity in animal models. In humans, very high doses of coumarin from 50-7000 mg/day can result in hepatotoxicity that resolves when coumarin use is discontinued. Lower amounts might also cause liver problems in sensitive people, such as those with liver disease or those taking potentially hepatotoxic agents.
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, taking GABA with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Some clinical research shows that GABA can decrease blood pressure in patients with hypertension.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, GABA might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants. However, it is unclear if this concern is clinically relevant.
Endogenous GABA has well-established relaxant effects and GABA(A) receptors have an established physiological role in sleep. However, the effects of GABA supplements are unclear, as it is unknown whether exogenous GABA crosses the blood-brain barrier. Although there have been limited reports of drowsiness or tiredness with GABA supplements, these effects have not been widely reported in clinical studies. Additionally, intravenous GABA 0.1-1 mg/kg has been shown to induce anxiety in a dose-dependent manner.
Bergamot essential oil
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking bergamot with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research suggests that bergamot juice has hypoglycemic effects.
Photosensitizing Drugs
Theoretically, topical bergamot essential oil might increase the risk of side effects when used along with photosensitizing drugs.
Bergamot contains bergapten, which has photosensitizing effects.
L-Arginine
Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)
Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine and ACE inhibitors may increase the risk for hypotension and hyperkalemia.
Combining L-arginine with some antihypertensive drugs, especially ACE inhibitors, seems to have additive vasodilating and blood pressure-lowering effects. Furthermore, ACE inhibitors can increase potassium levels. Use of L-arginine has been associated with hyperkalemia in some patients. Theoretically, concomitant use of ACE inhibitors with L-arginine may increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Arbs)
Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine and ARBs may increase the risk of hypotension and hyperkalemia.
L-arginine increases nitric oxide, which causes vasodilation. Combining L-arginine with ARBs seems to increase L-arginine-induced vasodilation. Furthermore, ARBs can increase potassium levels. Use of L-arginine has been associated with hyperkalemia in some patients. Theoretically, concomitant use of ARBs with L-arginine may increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.
Preliminary research suggests that L-arginine infusions reduce platelet aggregation in humans. The clinical significance of this effect is unclear.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Preliminary clinical research shows that L-arginine decreases blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine and antihypertensive drugs may increase the risk of hypotension.
L-arginine increases nitric oxide, which causes vasodilation. Clinical evidence shows that L-arginine can reduce blood pressure in some individuals with hypertension. Furthermore, combining L-arginine with some antihypertensive drugs seems to have additive vasodilating and blood pressure-lowering effects.
Isoproterenol (Isuprel)
Theoretically, concurrent use of isoproterenol and L-arginine might result in additive effects and hypotension.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that L-arginine enhances isoproterenol-induced vasodilation in patients with essential hypertension or a family history of essential hypertension.
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Theoretically concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics with L-arginine may increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
Potassium-sparing diuretics can increase potassium levels. Use of L-arginine has been associated with hyperkalemia in some patients.
Sildenafil (Viagra)
Theoretically, concurrent use of sildenafil and L-arginine might increase the risk for hypotension.
In vivo, concurrent use of L-arginine and sildenafil has resulted in increased vasodilation. Theoretically, concurrent use might have additive vasodilatory and hypotensive effects. However, in studies evaluating the combined use of L-arginine and sildenafil for erectile dysfunction, hypotension was not reported.
Testosterone
Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine and testosterone might have additive effects.
In clinical research, L-arginine increases the level of testosterone in male patients with erectile dysfunction. The clinical significance of this finding is unclear.
Fenugreek
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, fenugreek might have additive effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Some of the constituents in fenugreek have antiplatelet effects in animal and in vitro research. However, common fenugreek products might not contain sufficient concentrations of these constituents for clinical effects. A clinical study in patients with coronary artery disease or diabetes shows that taking fenugreek seed powder 2.5 grams twice daily for 3 months does not affect platelet aggregation, fibrinolytic activity, or fibrinogen levels .
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, fenugreek seed might have additive hypoglycemic effects when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Clinical research shows that fenugreek seed can reduce fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial glucose levels in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Theoretically, fenugreek seed might alter the clinical effects of clopidogrel by inhibiting its conversion to the active form.
Animal research shows that fenugreek seed 200 mg/kg daily for 14 days increases the maximum serum concentration of clopidogrel by 21%. It is unclear how this affects the pharmacokinetics of the active metabolite of clopidogrel; however, this study found that concomitant use of fenugreek seed and clopidogrel prolonged bleeding time by an additional 11%.
Metoprolol (Toprol)
Theoretically, fenugreek seed might have additive hypotensive effects when used with metoprolol.
Animal research shows that fenugreek seed 300 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks decreases systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 9% and 11%, respectively, when administered alone, and by 15% and 22%, respectively, when given with metoprolol 10 mg/kg.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Theoretically, fenugreek might decrease plasma levels of phenytoin.
Animal research shows that taking fenugreek seeds for 1 week decreases maximum concentrations and the area under the curve of a single dose of phenytoin by 44% and 72%, respectively. This seems to be related to increased clearance. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Sildenafil (Viagra)
Theoretically, concurrent use of sildenafil and fenugreek might reduce levels and therapeutic effects of sildenafil.
Animal research shows that taking fenugreek seeds for 1 week reduces maximum concentrations and the area under the curve of a single dose of sildenafil by 27% and 48%, respectively. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Theophylline
Theoretically, fenugreek may reduce the levels and clinical effects of theophylline.
Animal research shows that fenugreek 50 grams daily for 7 days reduces the maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of theophylline by 28% and the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC) by 22%.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, fenugreek might have additive effects with warfarin and increase the international normalized ratio (INR).
Some fenugreek constituents have antiplatelet effects, although these might not be present in concentrations that are clinically significant. In one case report, a patient taking warfarin experienced an increased INR when starting to take fenugreek in combination with boldo.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Fenugreek may also have an additive effect on blood pressure-lowering medications. Studies on animals have shown that fenugreek seed can decrease both systolic and diastolic blood pressure by up to 22% when combined with metoprolol. Therefore, it is essential to monitor your blood pressure regularly if you are taking fenugreek and metoprolol together or any other antihypertensive drugs.
Vitamin A
Retinoids
Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Retinoids, which are vitamin A derivatives, could have additive toxic effects when taken with vitamin A supplements.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
The tolerable upper intake level (UL) is the highest level of intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects. Doses of vitamin A above the UL can cause hepatotoxicity, ranging from elevated liver enzymes to liver failure.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Theoretically, taking tetracycline antibiotics with high doses of vitamin A can increase the risk of pseudotumor cerebri.
Benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) can occur with tetracyclines and with acute or chronic vitamin A toxicity. Case reports suggest that taking tetracyclines and vitamin A concurrently can increase the risk of this condition. Avoid high doses of vitamin A in people taking tetracyclines chronically.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, high doses of vitamin A could increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Vitamin A toxicity is associated with hemorrhage and hypoprothrombinemia, possibly due to vitamin K antagonism. Advise patients taking warfarin to avoid doses of vitamin A above the tolerable upper intake level of 10,000 IU/day for adults.
Thyme
Anticholinergic Drugs
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that thyme essential oil and specific essential oil constituents like thymohydroquinone and carvacrol can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, this effect has not been observed in humans.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, thyme leaf extract might have additive effects with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research suggests that thyme leaf extract has antiplatelet effects. However, this effect has not been observed in humans.
Cholinergic Drugs
Theoretically, concurrent use of cholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might cause additive cholinergic effects.
In vitro evidence suggests that thyme essential oil and specific essential oil constituents like thymohydroquinone and carvacrol can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, this effect has not been observed in humans.
Estrogens
Theoretically, thyme might competitively inhibit the effects of estrogen replacement therapy.
In vitro research shows that thyme has estrogen receptor-binding activity and phytoestrogen content. However, this effect has not been observed in humans.
Rosemary essential oil
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, rosemary may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research suggests that rosemary inhibits platelet aggregation.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking rosemary with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research shows that rosemary extract can decrease blood glucose levels in diabetic models. However, research in humans is conflicting. Although rosemary powder decreased blood glucose levels in healthy adults, no change in blood glucose levels was seen in adults with type 2 diabetes, most of whom were taking antidiabetes drugs.
Aspirin
Theoretically, rosemary might have additive effects with salicylate-containing drugs such as aspirin.
Rosemary is reported to contain salicylates.
Choline Magnesium Trisalicylate (Trilisate)
Theoretically, rosemary might have additive effects with salicylate-containing drugs such as choline magnesium trisalicylate.
Rosemary is reported to contain salicylate.
Salsalate (Disalcid)
Theoretically, rosemary might have additive effects with salicylate-containing drugs such as salsalate.
Rosemary is reported to contain salicylate.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that rosemary induces CYP1A2 enzymes. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Tarragon essential oil
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Evidence from in vitro research suggests that tarragon extract inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion. Theoretically, tarragon might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs. Some anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), warfarin (Coumadin), and others.
Cns Depressants
Evidence from animal research suggests that tarragon essential oil can cause sedation and motor impairment when administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 mL/kg. Theoretically, concomitant use of tarragon with CNS depressants, including antihistamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and tricyclic antidepressants, may increase sedative and other adverse effects.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)
In vitro research suggests that tarragon extract inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and MAO-B enzymes. Theoretically, concomitant use with MAOIs might increase the effects and adverse effects associated with MAOIs.
Marjoram essential oil
Anticholinergic Drugs
In vitro research suggests that marjoram extract can inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity. Theoretically, using marjoram in medicinal amounts along with anticholinergic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of marjoram or the anticholinergic agent.
Some anticholinergic drugs include atropine, benztropine (Cogentin), biperiden (Akineton), procyclidine (Kemadrin), and trihexyphenidyl (Artane).
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
In vitro research suggests that marjoram extract inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion. Theoretically, marjoram might increase the risk of bleeding when used in medicinal amounts along with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Some anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), warfarin (Coumadin), and others.
Cholinergic Drugs
In vitro research suggests that marjoram extract can inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity. Theoretically, using marjoram in medicinal amounts along with cholinergic drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of cholinergic side effects.
Cholinergic drugs include bethanechol (Urecholine), donepezil (Aricept), echothiophate (Phospholine Iodide), edrophonium (Enlon, Reversol, Tensilon), neostigmine (Prostigmin), physostigmine (Antilirium), pyridostigmine (Mestinon, Regonol), succinylcholine (Anectine, Quelicin), and tacrine (Cognex).
Chlorella
Photosensitizing Drugs
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Chlorella has been reported to cause photosensitization. In five case reports, patients who had ingested chlorella exhibited swelling followed by erythematopurpuric lesions on sun-exposed areas of the body. Theoretically, concomitant use with photosensitizing drugs may exacerbate effects.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, chlorella might reduce the clinical effects of warfarin.
Chlorella contains significant amounts of vitamin K. There is at least one case report of warfarin therapy becoming sub-therapeutic after initiation of chlorella supplements.
Laurel essential oil
Antidiabetes Drugs
Concomitant use of bay leaf with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Preliminary clinical research shows that bay leaf can lower blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes who are already taking antidiabetes medication. Advise patients to monitor glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments may be necessary.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, taking bay leaf in large amounts may enhance the therapeutic and adverse effects of sedatives.
Bay leaf contains methyl eugenol. Animal research shows that methyl eugenol has sedative properties. Avoid concomitant use.
Narcotic Drugs
Theoretically, taking bay leaf in large amounts may enhance the therapeutic and adverse effects of narcotics. Avoid concomitant use.
Spirulina
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, spirulina blue-green algae might increase the risk of bleeding if used with other anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs. However, this is unlikely.
Spirulina blue-green algae have shown antiplatelet and anticoagulant effects in vitro. However, one preliminary study in 24 patients receiving spirulina blue-green algae 2.3 grams daily for 2 weeks showed no effect on platelet activation or measures of clotting time.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking blue-green algae with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Human research shows that spirulina blue-green algae can have hypoglycemic effects in patients with diabetes, at least some of whom were using antidiabetes drugs. However, blue-green algae does not seem to improve glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with diabetes. A meta-analysis of animal studies also suggests that spirulina blue-green algae have hypoglycemic effects.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, concurrent use of blue-green algae might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Blue-green algae have been shown to stimulate the immune system.
Cabbage
Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Others)
Cabbage might increase clearance and reduce the effects of acetaminophen.
A small clinical study shows that daily consumption of cabbage and Brussels sprout decreases acetaminophen levels by as much as 16%, with some evidence suggesting that this effect is due to increased elimination through glucuronide conjugation.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, cabbage might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal and in vivo research suggests that cabbage might have hypoglycemic effects.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Some animal research suggests that cabbage or its constituent indole-3-carbinol might increase drug metabolism and elimination by stimulating CYP1A2 activity.
Glucuronidated Drugs
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
A small clinical study shows that daily consumption of cabbage and Brussels sprout decreases levels of some drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Oxazepam (Serax)
Cabbage might increase clearance and reduce the effects of oxazepam.
A small clinical study shows that daily consumption of cabbage and brussels sprout decreases oxazepam levels by as much as 17%, with some evidence suggesting that this effect is due to increased elimination through glucuronide conjugation.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
Cabbage contains vitamin K. If consumed in large quantities, cabbage might decrease the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
Selenium
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Selenium may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Clinical research suggests that taking selenium 10 mcg/kg/day can increase bleeding times by increasing prostacyclin production, which inhibits platelet activity. Other clinical research suggests that taking selenium 75 mcg daily, in combination with ascorbic acid 600 mg, alpha-tocopherol 300 mg, and beta-carotene 27 mg, reduces platelet aggregation.
Barbiturates
Theoretically, selenium might prolong the sedating effects of barbiturates.
Laboratory research suggests that selenium can inhibit the hepatic metabolism of barbiturates. Selenium seems to prolong the sedative effect of pentobarbital in animal models.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, selenium supplementation may reduce the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
In vitro research and preliminary clinical evidence suggests that selenium may stimulate the immune system.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, selenium might interfere with warfarin activity.
Animal research suggests that selenium can increase warfarin activity. Selenium might interact with warfarin by displacing it from albumin binding sites, reducing its metabolism in the liver, or by decreasing production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Selenium can also prolong bleeding times in humans by increasing prostacyclin production, which inhibits platelet activity.
Contraceptive Drugs
Contraceptive drugs might increase levels of selenium, although the clinical significance of this effect is unclear.
Some research suggests that oral contraceptives increase serum selenium levels in women taking oral contraceptives; however, other research shows no change in selenium levels. It is suggested that an increase could be due to increased carrier proteins, indicating a redistribution of selenium rather than a change in total body selenium.
Niacin
Selenium might reduce the beneficial effects of niacin on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels.
A combination of niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) effectively raises HDL cholesterol levels in patients with coronary disease and low HDL levels. Clinical research shows that taking a combination of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and selenium) along with niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) attenuates this rise in HDL, specifically the HDL-2 and apolipoprotein A1 fractions, by more than 50% in patients with coronary disease. It is not known whether this adverse effect is due to a single antioxidant such as selenium, or to the combination. It also is not known whether it will occur in other patient populations.
Apple
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)
Concomitant consumption of apple juice can significantly decrease oral absorption and blood levels of OATP substrates.
Research shows that consuming apple juice inhibits OATP, which reduces bioavailability of oral drugs that are substrates of OATP. Fexofenadine, atenolol, and aliskiren are substrates of OATP. Clinical research shows that coadministration of apple juice decreases bioavailability of fexofenadine by up to 78%, aliskiren by 63%, and atenolol by up to 82%. These effects appear to increase with larger quantities of apple juice. It is thought that apple juice might affect OATP for only a short time. Therefore, separating drug administration and consumption of apple juice by at least 4 hours might avoid this interaction.
Aliskiren (Tekturna, Rasilez)
Concomitant consumption of apple juice can significantly decrease oral absorption and blood levels of aliskiren.
Pharmacokinetic research shows that coadministration of apple juice 200 mL along with aliskiren 150 mg decreases the bioavailability of aliskiren by 63%. Apple juice seems to inhibit organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP), which is involved in drug uptake in the gut, liver, and kidney. It is thought that apple juice might affect OATP for only a short time. Therefore, separating drug administration and consumption of apple juice by at least 4 hours might avoid this interaction.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, consuming apple juice with antidiabetes drugs might interfere with blood glucose control.
Clinical research suggests that consuming apples or drinking apple juice can raise blood glucose levels, with the effects of drinking apple juice being more significant than consuming apples.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Consuming apple juice with antihypertensive drugs might interfere with blood pressure control.
Some clinical evidence suggests that consuming apple and cherry juice can increase blood pressure in elderly patients.
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Concomitant consumption of apple juice can significantly decrease oral absorption and blood levels of atenolol.
Pharmacokinetic research shows that coadministration of apple juice 600-1200 mL decreases levels of atenolol by 58% to 82% in a dose-dependent manner. Apple juice seems to inhibit organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP), which is involved in drug uptake in the gut, liver, and kidney. It is thought that apple juice might affect OATP for only a short time. Therefore, separating drug administration and consumption of apple juice by at least 4 hours might avoid this interaction.
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Concomitant consumption of apple juice can significantly decrease oral absorption and blood levels of fexofenadine.
Pharmacokinetic research shows that coadministration of apple juice 400-1200 mL along with fexofenadine 60-120 mg decreases bioavailability of fexofenadine by up to 78%. Coadministration with smaller quantities of apple juice (150 mL or less) does not appear to affect the bioavailability of fexofenadine. Apple juice seems to inhibit organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP), which is involved in drug uptake in the gut, liver, and kidney. It is thought that apple juice might affect OATP for only a short time. Therefore, separating drug administration and consumption of apple juice by at least 4 hours might avoid this interaction.
Lithium
There is some concern that concomitant consumption of apple juice might decrease oral absorption and blood levels of lithium.
In one case report, a patient had an undetectable serum lithium level when lithium citrate was administered with apple juice. When lithium was administered with an alternative beverage, the lithium level became detectable and the patient demonstrated clinical improvement.
Magnesium
Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)
Magnesium can reduce the bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that taking magnesium oxide 1000 mg with levodopa 100 mg/carbidopa 10 mg reduces the area under the curve (AUC) of levodopa by 35% and of carbidopa by 81%. In vitro and animal research shows that magnesium produces an alkaline environment in the digestive tract, which might lead to degradation and reduced bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.
Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
Concomitant use of aminoglycoside antibiotics and magnesium can increase the risk for neuromuscular weakness.
Both aminoglycosides and magnesium reduce presynaptic acetylcholine release, which can lead to neuromuscular blockade and possible paralysis. This is most likely to occur with high doses of magnesium given intravenously.
Antacids
Use of acid reducers may reduce the laxative effect of magnesium oxide.
A retrospective analysis shows that, in the presence of H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), a higher dose of magnesium oxide is needed for a laxative effect. This may also occur with antacids. Under acidic conditions, magnesium oxide is converted to magnesium chloride and then to magnesium bicarbonate, which has an osmotic laxative effect. By reducing acidity, antacids may reduce the conversion of magnesium oxide to the active bicarbonate salt.
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)
Magnesium might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after magnesium containing products.
Bisphosphonates
Magnesium can decrease absorption of bisphosphonates.
Cations, including magnesium, can decrease bisphosphonate absorption. Advise patients to separate doses of magnesium and these drugs by at least 2 hours.
Calcium Channel Blockers
Magnesium can have additive effects with calcium channel blockers, although evidence is conflicting.
Magnesium inhibits calcium entry into smooth muscle cells and may therefore have additive effects with calcium channel blockers. Severe hypotension and neuromuscular blockades may occur when nifedipine is used with intravenous magnesium, although some contradictory evidence suggests that concurrent use of magnesium with nifedipine does not increase the risk of neuromuscular weakness. High doses of magnesium could theoretically have additive effects with other calcium channel blockers.
Digoxin
Magnesium salts may reduce absorption of digoxin.
Clinical evidence suggests that treatment with oral magnesium hydroxide or magnesium trisilicate reduces absorption of digoxin from the intestines. This may reduce the blood levels of digoxin and decrease its therapeutic effects.
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Potassium-sparing diuretics decrease excretion of magnesium, possibly increasing magnesium levels.
Potassium-sparing diuretics also have magnesium-sparing properties, which can counteract the magnesium losses associated with loop and thiazide diuretics. Theoretically, increased magnesium levels could result from concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics and magnesium supplements.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Magnesium decreases absorption of quinolones.
Magnesium can form insoluble complexes with quinolones and decrease their absorption. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4 to 6 hours after, magnesium supplements.
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Parenteral magnesium alters the pharmacokinetics of skeletal muscle relaxants, increasing their effects and accelerating the onset of effect.
Parenteral magnesium shortens the time to onset of skeletal muscle relaxants by about 1 minute and prolongs the duration of action by about 2 minutes. Magnesium potentiates the effects of skeletal muscle relaxants by decreasing calcium-mediated release of acetylcholine from presynaptic nerve terminals, reducing postsynaptic sensitivity to acetylcholine, and having a direct effect on the membrane potential of myocytes. Magnesium also has vasodilatory actions and increases cardiac output, allowing a greater amount of muscle relaxant to reach the motor end plate. A clinical study found that low-dose rocuronium (0.45 mg/kg), when given after administration of magnesium 30 mg/kg over 10 minutes, has an accelerated onset of effect, which matches the onset of effect seen with a full-dose rocuronium regimen (0.6 mg/kg). In another clinical study, onset times for rocuronium doses of 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mg/kg were 86, 76, and 50 seconds, respectively, when given alone, but were reduced to 66, 44, and 38 seconds, respectively, when the doses were given after a 15-minute infusion of magnesium sulfate 60 mg/kg. Giving intraoperative intravenous magnesium sulfate, 50 mg/kg loading dose followed by 15 mg/kg/hour, reduces the onset time of rocuronium, enhances its clinical effects, reduces the dose of intraoperative opiates, and prolongs the spontaneous recovery time. It does not affect the activity of subsequently administered neostigmine.
Sulfonylureas
Magnesium increases the systemic absorption of sulfonylureas, increasing their effects and side effects.
Clinical research shows that administration of magnesium hydroxide with glyburide increases glyburide absorption, increases maximal insulin response by 35-fold, and increases the risk of hypoglycemia, when compared with glyburide alone. A similar interaction occurs between magnesium hydroxide and glipizide. The mechanism of this effect appears to be related to the elevation of gastrointestinal pH by magnesium-based antacids, increasing solubility and enhancing absorption of sulfonylureas.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Magnesium decreases absorption of tetracyclines.
Magnesium can form insoluble complexes with tetracyclines in the gut and decrease their absorption and antibacterial activity. Advise patients to take these drugs 1 hour before or 2 hours after magnesium supplements.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
In vitro evidence shows that magnesium sulfate inhibits platelet aggregation, even at low concentrations. Some preliminary clinical evidence shows that infusion of magnesium sulfate increases bleeding time by 48% and reduces platelet activity. However, other clinical research shows that magnesium does not affect platelet aggregation, although inhibition of platelet-dependent thrombosis can occur.
Gabapentin (Neurontin)
Gabapentin absorption can be decreased by magnesium.
Clinical research shows that giving magnesium oxide orally along with gabapentin decreases the maximum plasma concentration of gabapentin by 33%, time to maximum concentration by 36%, and area under the curve by 43%. Advise patients to take gabapentin at least 2 hours before, or 4 to 6 hours after, magnesium supplements.
Sevelamer (Renagel, Renvela)
Sevelamer may increase serum magnesium levels.
In patients on hemodialysis, sevelamer use was associated with a 0.28 mg/dL increase in serum magnesium. The mechanism of this interaction remains unclear.
N-Acetyl L-Cysteine
Nitroglycerin
N-acetyl cysteine can increase the risk for hypotension and headaches when taken with intravenous or transdermal nitroglycerin.
Clinical research shows that concomitant administration of N-acetyl cysteine and intravenous or transdermal nitroglycerin can cause severe hypotension and intolerable headaches. Furthermore, in vitro research suggests that N-acetyl cysteine increases the anticoagulant activity of nitroglycerin.
Activated Charcoal
N-acetyl cysteine might reduce the effects of activated charcoal, while activated charcoal might reduce the absorption of N-acetyl cysteine.
N-acetyl cysteine appears to reduce the capacity of activated charcoal to adsorb acetaminophen and salicylic acid. Conversely, although clinical research suggests that although activated charcoal can reduce the absorption of N-acetyl cysteine by up to 40%, it does not seem to reduce its clinical effects. Other clinical evidence suggests that activated charcoal does not affect the absorption of N-acetyl cysteine.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, N-acetyl cysteine might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Clinical research suggests that intravenous N-acetyl cysteine decreases prothrombin time, prolongs coagulation time, decreases platelet aggregation, and increases blood loss in surgical patients. Furthermore, in vitro research suggests that N-acetyl cysteine increases the anticoagulant activity of nitroglycerin.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, N-acetyl cysteine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research suggests that N-acetyl cysteine potentiates the hypotensive effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) captopril and enalaprilat. Theoretically, combining N-acetyl cysteine with other antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Chloroquine (Aralen)
Theoretically, N-acetyl cysteine might interfere with the antimalarial effects of chloroquine.
Animal research suggests that N-acetyl cysteine might reduce the antimalarial effects of chloroquine by increasing cellular levels of glutathione.
Beta Glucan 1,3-1,4
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, taking beta-glucans with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Clinical research shows that taking beta-glucans may reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in some hypertensive individuals.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, beta-glucans might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Some clinical research shows that beta-glucans have immunostimulant effects.
Kiwi
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Clinical research suggests that kiwi inhibits platelet aggregation. Theoretically, kiwi might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs. Some anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), warfarin (Coumadin), and others.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Clinical research suggests that consuming kiwi reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. Theoretically, concomitant use of kiwi and antihypertensive drugs may increase the risk of hypotension when used in combination with drugs that lower blood pressure. These include captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), losartan (Cozaar), valsartan (Diovan), diltiazem (Cardizem), amlodipine (Norvasc), hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril), furosemide (Lasix), and many others.
Sweet Basil essential oil
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, basil might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal studies suggest that basil oils and extracts inhibit platelet aggregation.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, basil might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research suggests that basil extract can reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Bilberry extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro, animal, and clinical research suggest that anthocyanidin extracts from bilberry can inhibit platelet aggregation.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, bilberry leaf or fruit extract may increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that bilberry leaf extract might have blood glucose-lowering activity. Also, one small clinical trial in patients with type 2 diabetes shows that taking bilberry fruit extract 470 mg as a single dose prior to an oral glucose tolerance test lowers plasma glucose levels when compared with placebo.
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Animal research shows that exposure to small concentrations of bilberry extract in drinking water for around one month increased CYP2E1 activity by 31%. However, exposure over a 2-month period did not increase CYP2E1 activity. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Erlotinib (Tarceva)
Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might reduce the efficacy of erlotinib.
In vitro research suggests that bilberry fruit extract and its constituents, delphinidin and delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, inhibit the activity of erlotinib. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
Lemon Balm extract
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, concomitant use of lemon balm might have additive effects with CNS depressant drugs.
Lemon balm seems to have CNS depressant activity in animals and in humans.
Thyroid Hormone
Theoretically, lemon balm might interfere with thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
In vitro, constituents of lemon balm extract bind to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), preventing TSH receptor-binding and leading to the inhibition of TSH-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. In animals, lemon balm extract has been shown to decrease levels of circulating TSH and inhibit thyroid secretion.
R-Isomer Alpha Lipoic Acid
Alkylating Agents
Theoretically, the antioxidant effects of alpha-lipoic acid might alter the effectiveness of alkylating agents.
The use of antioxidants like alpha-lipoic acid during chemotherapy is controversial. There are concerns that antioxidants could reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals. However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as alpha-lipoic acid have on chemotherapy. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using alpha-lipoic acid.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, alpha-lipoic acid may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro, alpha-lipoic acid inhibits platelet aggregation.
Antitumor Antibiotics
Theoretically, the antioxidant effects of alpha-lipoic acid might alter the effectiveness of antitumor antibiotics.
The use of antioxidants like alpha-lipoic acid during chemotherapy is controversial. There are concerns that antioxidants could reduce the activity of antitumor antibiotic drugs, which work by generating free radicals. However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as alpha-lipoic acid have on chemotherapy involving antitumor antibiotics. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using alpha-lipoic acid.
Thyroid Hormone
Theoretically, alpha-lipoic acid might decrease the effects of thyroid hormone drugs.
Animal research suggests that co-administration of thyroxine with alpha-lipoic acid reduces conversion into the active T3 form.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking alpha-lipoic acid with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Although some small clinical studies have suggested that alpha-lipoic acid can lower blood glucose levels, larger clinical studies in patients with diabetes have shown no clinically meaningful effect. Additionally, co-administration of single doses of alpha-lipoic acid and glyburide or acarbose did not cause detectable drug interactions in healthy volunteers.
Horehound
Antidiabetes Drugs
Evidence from animal research suggests that white horehound might lower blood glucose. However, preliminary clinical research suggests that white horehound only slightly lowers blood glucose when taken in combination with antidiabetic agents, suggesting that the effect may not be clinically significant. Until more is known, use with caution. Theoretically, white horehound may have additive effects when used by patients taking antidiabetic drugs. The dose of diabetes medications might need to be adjusted. Some antidiabetes drugs include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, metformin (Glucophage), pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and others.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Evidence from animal research suggests that taking white horehound extract lowers blood pressure. Theoretically, taking white horehound with antihypertensive drugs might enhance therapeutic effects and increase the risk of hypotension. Some antihypertensive drugs include captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), losartan (Cozaar), valsartan (Diovan), diltiazem (Cardizem), Amlodipine (Norvasc), hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril), furosemide (Lasix), and many others.
Fulvic Acid
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, taking fulvic acid may decrease the effectiveness of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro evidence shows that fulvic acid, formed from the oxidation and polymerization of protocatechuic acid, can shorten prothrombin time in human plasma, increasing the risk of clot formation.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, taking fulvic acid might decrease the effects of immunosuppressive therapy.
Animal research shows that fulvic acid stimulates immune function.
Thyroid Hormone
Theoretically, taking fulvic acid with thyroid hormone therapy might interfere with the ability to normalize thyroid function.
Animal research shows that fulvic acid increases the plasma level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and decreases the thyroxine (T4):triiodothyronine (T3) ratio.
Marigold
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, calendula might have additive effects when used with CNS depressants, although this appears to be unlikely.
Although some animal research has suggested that a saponoside constituent in calendula may have sedative effects, calendula has been used for over 30 years without reports of sedation in humans.
Lavender essential oil
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, lavender might potentiate the therapeutic effects and adverse effects of CNS depressants.
Laboratory research suggests that lavender has sedative effects. However, clinical studies in patients taking oral lavender oil (Silexan) 160 mg for 10 weeks or taking lavender flower powder 1 gram daily for 2 months have not reported side effects of drowsiness, sedation, or sleepiness. There is still some concern that higher doses or different preparations of lavender might have additive effects with CNS depressant medications.
Orange
Celiprolol (Celicard)
Consuming sweet orange with celiprolol can decrease oral absorption of celiprolol.
A pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that celiprolol levels, after a single dose of 100 mg, are decreased by up to 90% in people who drink sweet orange juice 200 mL three times daily. It's not known if lower consumption of sweet orange juice will have the same effect. Theoretically, this occurs due to short-term inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). Recommend separating drug administration and consumption of sweet orange by at least 4 hours.
Ivermectin (Stromectol, Others)
Consuming sweet orange juice with ivermectin can decrease the oral absorption of ivermectin.
A pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that taking ivermectin orally with sweet orange juice 750 mL over 4 hours reduces the bioavailability of ivermectin. This effect does not seem to be related to effects on P-glycoprotein. The effect on ivermectin is more pronounced in males compared to females.
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)
Consuming sweet orange juice can decrease oral absorption of OATP substrates. Separate administration by at least 4 hours.
Clinical research shows that consuming sweet orange juice inhibits OATP, which reduces bioavailability of oral drugs that are substrates of OATP. For example, sweet orange juice decreases bioavailability of fexofenadine, a substrate of OATP, by about 72% and of celiprolol, another OATP substrate, by up to 90%. Since sweet orange juice seems to affect OATP for a short time, recommend separating drug administration and consumption of sweet orange juice by at least 4 hours.
Pravastatin (Pravachol)
Consuming sweet orange juice with pravastatin can increase the absorption of pravastatin.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that consuming sweet orange juice 800 mL over 3 hours, including before, during, and after taking pravastatin 10 mg, increases pravastatin levels by about 149%, without affecting pravastatin elimination. Theoretically this effect might be due to modulation of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) by sweet orange juice. Sweet orange juice does not seem to affect simvastatin levels, but it is not known if sweet orange affects any of the other statins.
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Consuming sweet orange juice with fexofenadine can decrease oral absorption of fexofenadine.
Clinical research shows that coadministration of sweet orange juice 1200 mL decreases bioavailability of fexofenadine by about 72%. In an animal model, sweet orange juice decreased bioavailability of fexofenadine by 31%. Fexofenadine manufacturer data indicates that concomitant administration of sweet orange juice and fexofenadine results in larger wheal and flare sizes in research models. This suggests that sweet orange reduces the clinical response to fexofenadine. Theoretically, this occurs due to short-term inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). Recommend separating drug administration and consumption of sweet orange by at least 4 hours.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Sweet orange juice seems to modulate P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which might affect the blood levels of P-gp substrates.
Animal and in vitro research suggest that orange juice extract inhibits drug efflux by P-gp, increasing absorption and levels of P-gp substrates. In contrast, pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that drinking large amounts of sweet orange juice decreases absorption and levels of the P-gp substrate celiprolol. This suggests that orange juice actually induces drug efflux by P-gp or affects drug levels by another mechanism such as inhibiting the gut drug transporter called organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). Until more is known, sweet orange juice should be used cautiously in people taking P-gp substrates.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Calcium-fortified sweet orange juice might reduce quinolone absorption.
Calcium binds to quinolones in the gut. Theoretically, the calcium in certain fortified orange juices can also bind to quinolone antibiotics and reduce their absorption and levels.
Brussels Sprout
Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Others)
A cabbage and Brussels sprout-containing diet can increase metabolism and decrease levels of acetaminophen. In clinical research, a diet that includes daily consumption of cabbage and Brussels sprout decreases acetaminophen levels by as much as 16%. This appears to occur due to a boost of elimination through glucuronide conjugation.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Animal research suggests that Brussels sprout can induce cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity. Theoretically, Brussels sprout might increase the clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2. Some drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 include clozapine (Clozaril), cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril), fluvoxamine (Luvox), haloperidol (Haldol), imipramine (Tofranil), mexiletine (Mexitil), olanzapine (Zyprexa), pentazocine (Talwin), propranolol (Inderal), tacrine (Cognex), theophylline, zileuton (Zyflo), zolmitriptan (Zomig), and others.
Glucuronidated Drugs
A cabbage and Brussels sprout-containing diet seems to boost elimination through glucuronide conjugation. Theoretically, these foods might also lower levels of other drugs that are metabolized through glucuronide conjugation, including acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) and oxazepam (Serax), haloperidol (Haldol), lamotrigine (Lamictal), morphine (MS Contin, Roxanol), zidovudine (AZT, Retrovir), and others.
Oxazepam (Serax)
A diet that includes daily consumption of cabbage and Brussels sprout decreases oxazepam levels by as much as 17%. This appears to occur due to a boost of elimination through glucuronide conjugation. Theoretically, Brussels sprout might also lower levels of other drugs that are metabolized through glucuronide conjugation including acetaminophen (Tylenol, others), haloperidol (Haldol), lamotrigine (Lamictal), morphine (MS Contin, Roxanol), zidovudine (AZT, Retrovir), and others.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Preliminary clinical research shows that increasing Brussels sprout consumption by 400 grams daily can increase warfarin clearance rate by 27% and decrease plasma concentrations of warfarin by 16%. Theoretically, consuming Brussels sprout while taking warfarin might decrease the effects of warfarin and increase the risk of blood clots in some people.
Green Bell Pepper
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, capsicum may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that capsicum might increase the effects of antiplatelet drugs. Also, population research shows that capsicum is associated with an increased risk of self-reported bleeding in patients taking warfarin. However, clinical research shows that taking a single dose of capsaicin (Asian Herbex Ltd.), the active ingredient in capsicum, 400-800 mcg orally in combination with aspirin 500 mg does not decrease platelet aggregation when compared with taking aspirin 500 mg alone. Also, there was no notable effect on measures of platelet aggregation with capsaicin. It is unclear whether capsaicin must be used in more than a single dose to affect platelet aggregation.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking capsicum with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Preliminary clinical research shows that consuming capsicum 5 grams along with a glucose drink attenuates the rise in plasma glucose after 30 minutes by 21%, decreases the 2-hour postprandial area under the curve of plasma glucose by 11%, and increases the 2-hour postprandial area under the curve of plasma insulin by 58% in healthy individuals when compared with placebo. Other clinical research shows that taking capsicum 5 mg daily for 28 days significantly reduces postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels, but not fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, in patients with gestational diabetes.
Aspirin
Theoretically, taking capsicum with aspirin might reduce the bioavailability of aspirin.
Animal research shows that acute or chronic intake of capsicum pepper reduces oral aspirin bioavailability. This has not been shown in humans.
Theophylline
Theoretically, taking capsicum with theophylline might increase the levels and adverse effects of theophylline.
In animal research, oral administration of capsicum reduced excretion of theophylline. However, capsicum does not seem to affect the pharmacokinetics of theophylline when administered intravenously.
Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)
Theoretically, using topical capsaicin may increase the risk of ACE inhibitor-induced cough.
There is one case report of a topically applied capsaicin cream contributing to the cough reflex in a patient using an ACEI. However, it is unclear if this interaction is clinically significant.
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Theoretically, taking capsicum with ciprofloxacin might increase levels and adverse effects of ciprofloxacin.
Animal research shows that concomitant use of capsaicin, the active constituent of capsicum, and ciprofloxacin increases the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin by up to 70%.
American Ginseng extract
Warfarin (Coumadin)
American ginseng seems to decrease the effectiveness of warfarin therapy.
Healthy patients receiving warfarin 5 mg daily, who also take American ginseng 1 gram twice daily, seem to have a significantly reduced international normalized ratio (INR).
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking American ginseng with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
American ginseng seems to lower postprandial blood glucose. Theoretically, concomitant use with antidiabetes drugs might enhance blood glucose lowering effects and possibly cause hypoglycemia.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
American ginseng seems to stimulate immune function. Theoretically, American ginseng might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant drugs.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)
Theoretically, American ginseng can interfere with MAOI therapy.
There is one case report of insomnia, headache, and tremors when an unspecified ginseng product was used with phenelzine (Nardil), an MAOI. There is also one case report of hypomania when an unspecified ginseng product was used with phenelzine. Theoretically, American ginseng may interfere with MAOI therapy.
Holy Basil extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, holy basil seed oil might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Animal research shows that holy basil seed oil can prolong bleeding time, possibly due to inhibition of platelet aggregation. However, it is not known if this occurs in humans.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, holy basil might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Small clinical studies show that taking holy basil can decrease fasting blood glucose and other measures of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Theoretically, holy basil seed oil might increase the sedative effects of pentobarbital.
Animal research shows that holy basil seed oil increases pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time. However, it is not known if this occurs in humans or if this applies to other barbiturates or sedatives.
Vitamin B6
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Theoretically, vitamin B6 might increase the photosensitivity caused by amiodarone.
Despite initial case reports suggesting that pyridoxine may have a protective effect against amiodarone-induced photosensitivity, preliminary clinical research suggests that pyridoxine may actually exacerbate this adverse effect.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Research in hypertensive rats shows that vitamin B6 can decrease systolic blood pressure. Similarly, clinical research in patients with hypertension shows that taking high doses of vitamin B6 may reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure, possibly by reducing plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Phenobarbital (Luminal)
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that vitamin B6 200 mg daily can reduce plasma levels of phenobarbital, possibly by increasing metabolism. It is not known whether lower doses have any effect. Advise people taking phenobarbital to avoid high doses of vitamin B6.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenytoin.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that vitamin B6 200 mg daily can reduce plasma levels of phenytoin, possibly by increasing metabolism. It is not known whether lower doses have any effect. Advise people taking phenytoin to avoid high doses of vitamin B6.
Levodopa
Vitamin B6 may increase the metabolism of levodopa when taken alone, but not when taken in conjunction with carbidopa.
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) enhances the metabolism of levodopa, reducing its clinical effects. However, this interaction does not occur when carbidopa is used concurrently with levodopa (Sinemet). Therefore, it is not likely to be a problem in most people.
Astragalus
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking astragalus with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research in humans shows that astragalus might have hypoglycemic effects. Theoretically, taking astragalus, especially in combination with other hypoglycemic agents, might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Cyclophosphamide
Theoretically, astragalus might interfere with cyclophosphamide therapy.
Evidence regarding the effect of astragalus on immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide is conflicting. Some animal research suggests that astragalus reverses cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression. However, other animal research shows no effect.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, astragalus might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Astragalus seems to stimulate immune function. Theoretically, taking astragalus might decrease the effects of immunosuppressive therapy.
Lithium
Theoretically, astragalus might increase levels and adverse effects of lithium.
Animal research suggests that astragalus has diuretic properties. Theoretically, due to this diuretic effect, astragalus might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Oregano extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, oregano might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that aristolochic acid isolated from oregano leaves has antithrombin activity. It has also been reported that oregano oil inhibits arachidonic acid-induced, and ADP-induced, platelet aggregation.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, oregano might increase the risk for hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
In vitro and animal research shows that oregano extracts might lower blood glucose levels.
Vitamin C
Alkylating Agents
Theoretically, antioxidant effects of vitamin C might reduce the effectiveness of alkylating agents.
The use of antioxidants like vitamin C during chemotherapy is controversial. There is concern that antioxidants could reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals, such as cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, carmustine, busulfan, and thiotepa. In contrast, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that could interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin C have on chemotherapy.
Aluminum
Vitamin C can increase the amount of aluminum absorbed from aluminum compounds.
Research in animals and humans shows that vitamin C increases aluminum absorption, theoretically by chelating aluminum and keeping it in solution where it is available for absorption. In people with normal renal function, urinary excretion of aluminum will likely increase, making aluminum retention and toxicity unlikely. Patients with renal failure who take aluminum-containing compounds such as phosphate binders should avoid vitamin C supplements in doses above the recommended dietary allowances.
Antitumor Antibiotics
Theoretically, the antioxidant effects of vitamin C might reduce the effectiveness of antitumor antibiotics.
The use of antioxidants like vitamin C during chemotherapy is controversial. There is concern that antioxidants could reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs which generate free radicals, such as doxorubicin. In contrast, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that could interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effects, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin C have on chemotherapy.
Estrogens
Vitamin C might increase blood levels of estrogens.
Increases in plasma estrogen levels of up to 55% occur under some circumstances when vitamin C is taken concurrently with oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy, including topical products. It is suggested that vitamin C prevents oxidation of estrogen in the tissues, regenerates oxidized estrogen, and reduces sulfate conjugation of estrogen in the gut wall. When tissue levels of vitamin C are high, these processes are already maximized and supplemental vitamin C does not have any effect on estrogen levels. Increases in plasma estrogen levels may occur when patients who are deficient in vitamin C take supplements. Monitor these patients for estrogen-related side effects.
Fluphenazine (Prolixin)
Theoretically, vitamin C might decrease levels of fluphenazine.
In one patient there was a clinically significant decrease in fluphenazine levels when vitamin C (500 mg twice daily) was started. The mechanism is not known, and there is no further data to confirm this interaction.
Indinavir (Crixivan)
Vitamin C can modestly reduce indinavir levels.
One pharmacokinetic study shows that taking vitamin C 1 gram orally once daily along with indinavir 800 mg orally three times daily reduces the area under the concentration-time curve of indinavir by 14%. The mechanism of this interaction is unknown, but it is unlikely to be clinically significant in most patients. The effect of higher doses of vitamin C on indinavir levels is unknown.
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)
Vitamin C can increase levothyroxine absorption.
Two clinical studies in adults with poorly controlled hypothyroidism show that swallowing levothyroxine with a glass of water containing vitamin C 500-1000 mg in solution reduces thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and increases thyroxine (T4) levels when compared with taking levothyroxine alone. This suggests that vitamin C increases the oral absorption of levothyroxine, possibly due to a reduction in pH.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
High-dose vitamin C might reduce the levels and effectiveness of warfarin.
Vitamin C in high doses may cause diarrhea and possibly reduce warfarin absorption. There are reports of two people who took up to 16 grams daily of vitamin C and had a reduction in prothrombin time. Lower doses of 5-10 grams daily can also reduce warfarin absorption. In many cases, this does not seem to be clinically significant. However, a case of warfarin resistance has been reported for a patient who took vitamin C 500 mg twice daily. Cessation of vitamin C supplementation resulted in a rapid increase in international normalized ratio (INR). Tell patients taking warfarin to avoid taking vitamin C in excessively high doses (greater than 10 grams daily). Lower doses may be safe, but the anticoagulation activity of warfarin should be monitored. Patients who are stabilized on warfarin while taking vitamin C should avoid adjusting vitamin C dosage to prevent the possibility of warfarin resistance.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Others)
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that taking high-dose vitamin C (3 grams) 1.5 hours after taking acetaminophen 1 gram slightly increases the apparent half-life of acetaminophen from around 2.3 hours to 3.1 hours. Ascorbic acid competitively inhibits sulfate conjugation of acetaminophen. However, to compensate, elimination of acetaminophen glucuronide and unconjugated acetaminophen increases. This effect is not likely to be clinically significant.
Aspirin
Acidification of the urine by vitamin C might increase aspirin levels.
It has been suggested that acidification of the urine by vitamin C could increase reabsorption of salicylates by the renal tubules, and increase plasma salicylate levels. However, short-term use of up to 6 grams daily of vitamin C does not seem to affect urinary pH or salicylate excretion, suggesting this interaction is not clinically significant.
Choline Magnesium Trisalicylate (Trilisate)
Acidification of the urine by vitamin C might increase choline magnesium trisalicylate levels.
It has been suggested that acidification of the urine by vitamin C could increase reabsorption of salicylates by the renal tubules, and increase plasma salicylate levels. However, short-term use of up to 6 grams daily of vitamin C does not seem to affect urinary pH or salicylate excretion, suggesting this interaction probably is not clinically significant.
Niacin
Vitamin C might decrease the beneficial effects of niacin on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.
A combination of niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) effectively raises HDL cholesterol levels in patients with coronary disease and low HDL levels. Clinical research shows that taking a combination of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and selenium) along with niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) attenuates this rise in HDL, specifically the HDL-2 and apolipoprotein A1 fractions, by more than 50% in patients with coronary disease. It is not known whether this adverse effect is due to a single antioxidant such as vitamin C, or to the combination. It also is not known whether it will occur in other patient populations.
Salsalate (Disalcid)
Acidification of the urine by vitamin C might increase salsalate levels.
It has been suggested that acidification of the urine by vitamin C could increase reabsorption of salicylates by the renal tubules, and increase plasma salicylate levels. However, short-term use of up to 6 grams/day vitamin C does not seem to affect urinary pH or salicylate excretion, suggesting this interaction probably is not clinically significant.
Coenzyme Q10
Alkylating Agents
Coenzyme Q10 has antioxidant effects. Theoretically, this may reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals.
Theoretically, antioxidants such as coenzyme Q10 might protect tumor cells from chemotherapeutic agents that work by inducing oxidative stress, such as alkylating agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide) and radiation therapy. The clinical importance of this interaction is unknown.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Coenzyme Q10 is chemically similar to menaquinone and might have vitamin K-like procoagulant effects, which could decrease the effects of warfarin.
Concomitant use of coenzyme Q10 and warfarin might reduce the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. Four cases of decreased warfarin efficacy thought to be due to coenzyme Q10 have been reported. However, there is some preliminary clinical research that suggests coenzyme Q10 might not significantly decrease the effects of warfarin in patients who have a stable INR.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, coenzyme Q10 might have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs.
Some clinical research shows that coenzyme Q10 can significantly lower blood pressure, although other studies have shown conflicting results.
Hawthorn extract
Nitrates
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure due to vasodilatory effects.
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Hawthorn might inhibit PDE-5 and cause vasodilation.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research shows that hawthorn can inhibit platelet aggregation. However, its effect in humans is unclear. One observational study shows that patients taking hawthorn shortly before undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery or valve replacement surgery have a 10% incidence of postoperative bleeding, compared with 1% in those who never consumed hawthorn extract. However, clinical research shows that taking a specific preparation of dried hawthorn leaves and flowers (Crataesor, Soria Natural Lab) 800 mg three times daily for 15 days does not affect platelet aggregation or levels of thromboxane B2, the metabolite of thromboxane A2, in healthy humans.
Beta-Blockers
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive effects on blood pressure and heart rate.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure and heart rate.
Calcium Channel Blockers
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilation and hypotensive effects.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure due to vasodilatory effects.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, hawthorn might potentiate the effects and adverse effects of digoxin.
Hawthorn appears to improve cardiac output; however, hawthorn does not appear to affect digoxin pharmacokinetics. Case reports suggest that at least one species of hawthorn root extract (Crataegus mexicana) may produce adverse effects similar to digoxin and can cross-react with digoxin assays, leading to falsely elevated plasma digoxin levels.
SAMe
Levodopa
SAMe might reduce the effectiveness of levodopa.
SAMe methylates levodopa, which might reduce its effectiveness for treating Parkinson disease.
Serotonergic Drugs
Taking SAMe with serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonin syndrome and other serotonergic side effects.
SAMe has serotonergic effects. Theoretically, combining serotonergic drugs with SAMe might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders. In one case report, SAMe 100 mg intramuscularly was given daily with clomipramine (Anafranil) 25 mg per day. When the clomipramine dose was increased to 75 mg per day the patient experienced serotonin syndrome about 48-72 hours later, requiring hospitalization.
Broccoli
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that eating 500 grams of fresh broccoli daily for 6-12 days can increase CYP1A2 activity by 10% to 200%. Induction of CYP1A2 activity by broccoli is attributed to its glucosinolate constituents.
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (Cyp2A6) Substrates
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2A6.
Pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that eating 500 grams of broccoli daily for 6 days increases CYP2A6 activity by 135% to 550%. Induction of CYP2A6 activity is attributed to its glucosinolate constituents.
Cauliflower
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that eating cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, daikon radish sprouts, and cabbage, can increase cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity by 14% to 27%. Theoretically, cauliflower might increase the clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2. Some drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 include clozapine (Clozaril), cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril), fluvoxamine (Luvox), haloperidol (Haldol), imipramine (Tofranil), mexiletine (Mexitil), olanzapine (Zyprexa), pentazocine (Talwin), propranolol (Inderal), tacrine (Cognex), theophylline, zileuton (Zyflo), zolmitriptan (Zomig), and others.
L-Citrulline
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of L-citrulline with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the chance of hypotension.
L-citrulline is converted to L-arginine, which can increase nitric oxide and cause vasodilation. However, a meta-analysis of 5 small clinical studies suggests that taking L-citrulline 3-6 grams daily for 1-8 weeks does not lower blood pressure when compared with control.
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors
Theoretically, concurrent use of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and L-citrulline might result in additive vasodilation.
L-citrulline is converted to L-arginine, which can increase nitric oxide and cause vasodilation. Theoretically, taking L-arginine with PDE-5 inhibitors might have additive vasodilatory and hypotensive effects. However, in studies evaluating the combined use of L-arginine and sildenafil for erectile dysfunction, hypotension was not reported.
Chromium
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, chromium may have additive effects with antidiabetic agents and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Some research shows that taking chromium might lower blood glucose levels, especially in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.
Insulin
Theoretically, concomitant use of chromium and insulin might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
In clinical research, chromium has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity,
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)
Chromium might bind levothyroxine in the intestinal tract and decrease levothyroxine absorption.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that taking chromium picolinate 1000 mcg with levothyroxine 1 mg decreases serum levels of levothyroxine by 17% when compared to taking levothyroxine alone. Advise patients to take levothyroxine at least 30 minutes before or 3-4 hours after taking chromium.
Aspirin
Theoretically, aspirin might increase chromium absorption.
Animal research suggests that aspirin may increase chromium absorption and chromium levels in the blood.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (Nsaids)
NSAIDs might increase chromium levels in the body.
Drugs that are prostaglandin inhibitors, such as NSAIDs, seem to increase chromium absorption and retention.
Royal Jelly extract
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, royal jelly might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research suggests that royal jelly might lower blood pressure.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Royal jelly might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin.
In one case, an 87-year-old male who was previously stabilized on warfarin developed hematuria and was found to have an INR of 7.29 after taking a royal jelly supplement for one week.
Saw Palmetto extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Saw palmetto is reported to prolong bleeding time. Theoretically, it might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Contraceptive Drugs
Saw palmetto might reduce the effectiveness of contraceptive drugs.
Saw palmetto might have antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, it might interfere with contraceptive drugs taken concomitantly.
Estrogens
Saw palmetto might reduce the effectiveness of estrogens.
Saw palmetto might have antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, it might interfere with estrogens taken concomitantly.
L-Taurine
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Some clinical evidence suggests that taurine can reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Lithium
Theoretically, taurine might reduce excretion and increase plasma levels of lithium.
Taurine is thought to have diuretic properties, which might reduce the excretion of lithium.
Glucosamine Sulfate
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Glucosamine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin and increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
In two individual case reports, glucosamine/chondroitin combinations were associated with a significant increase in international normalized ratio (INR) in patients previously stabilized on warfarin. In one case, the increase in INR occurred only after tripling the dose of a glucosamine/chondroitin supplement from 500 mg/400 mg daily to 1500/1200 mg daily. Additionally, 20 voluntary case reports to the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) have linked glucosamine plus chondroitin with increased INR, bruising, and bleeding in patients who were also taking warfarin. There have also been 20 additional case reports to the World Health Organization (WHO) that link glucosamine alone to increased INR in patients taking warfarin. The mechanism of this interaction is unclear. Glucosamine is a small component of heparin, but is not thought to have anticoagulant activity; however, animal research suggests that it might have antiplatelet activity.
Topoisomerase Ii Inhibitors
Theoretically glucosamine may induce resistance to topoisomerase II inhibitors.
In vitro research suggests that glucosamine might induce resistance to etoposide (VP16, VePesid) and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) by reducing inhibition of topoisomerase II, an enzyme required for DNA replication in tumor cells. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Others)
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Anecdotal reports suggest that adding glucosamine to an acetaminophen regimen might decrease pain control in patients with osteoarthritis. Some research suggests that the sulfate portion of glucosamine sulfate might contribute to its effect in osteoarthritis. Since acetaminophen metabolism requires sulfur and reduces serum sulfate concentrations, acetaminophen could theoretically interfere with the action of glucosamine sulfate. Conversely, the administration of sulfate could theoretically decrease the effectiveness of acetaminophen in sulfate-deficient people by increasing its clearance.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Despite initial concerns, it is unlikely that glucosamine will interfere with the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
In vitro and animal research has suggested that glucosamine might increase insulin resistance or decrease insulin production. This has raised concerns that taking glucosamine might worsen diabetes and decrease the effectiveness of diabetes drugs. However, clinical research suggests that glucosamine does not have adverse effects on blood glucose or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in healthy, obese, or type 2 diabetes patients.
Sheep Sorrel extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, sorrel might cause additive effects and side effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro, sorrel has been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Sorrel might reduce the effectiveness of fexofenadine by reducing its absorption from the gut.
In vitro research shows that an ethanol extract of sorrel inhibits organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2), which transports fexofenadine from the intestine into cells. In rats, concomitant administration of sorrel extract with fexofenadine reduces oral absorption of fexofenadine and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC).
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)
Sorrel might reduce the effectiveness of OATP substrates by reducing their absorption from the gut.
In vitro research shows that sorrel inhibits OATP1A2. Theoretically it may inhibit other OATPs. The OATPs are expressed in the small intestine and liver and transport drugs into cells. Inhibition of OATP may reduce the bioavailability of oral drugs that are substrates of OATP.
Calcium
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
Co-administration of intravenous calcium and ceftriaxone can result in precipitation of a ceftriaxone-calcium salt in the lungs and kidneys.
Avoid administering intravenous calcium in any form, such as parenteral nutrition or Lactated Ringers, within 48 hours of intravenous ceftriaxone. Case reports in neonates show that administering intravenous ceftriaxone and calcium can result in precipitation of a ceftriaxone-calcium salt in the lungs and kidneys. In several cases, neonates have died as a result of this interaction. So far there are no reports in adults; however, there is still concern that this interaction might occur in adults.
Dolutegravir (Tivicay)
Calcium seems to reduce levels of dolutegravir.
Advise patients to take dolutegravir either 2 hours before or 6 hours after taking calcium supplements. Pharmacokinetic research suggests that taking calcium carbonate 1200 mg concomitantly with dolutegravir 50 mg reduces plasma levels of dolutegravir by almost 40%. Calcium appears to decrease levels of dolutegravir through chelation.
Elvitegravir (Vitekta)
Calcium seems to reduce levels of elvitegravir.
Advise patients to take elvitegravir either 2 hours before or 2 hours after taking calcium supplements. Pharmacokinetic research suggests that taking calcium along with elvitegravir can reduce blood levels of elvitegravir through chelation.
Aluminum
Calcium citrate might increase aluminum absorption and toxicity. Other types of calcium do not increase aluminum absorption.
Calcium citrate can increase the absorption of aluminum when taken with aluminum hydroxide. The increase in aluminum levels may become toxic, particularly in individuals with kidney disease. However, the effect of calcium citrate on aluminum absorption is due to the citrate anion rather than calcium cation. Calcium acetate does not appear to increase aluminum absorption.
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)
Calcium might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption when taken in a fasting state.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide and calcium can be taken together if taken with food. However, if taken on an empty stomach, bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should not be taken with, or 2 hours after, calcium containing products.
Bisphosphonates
Calcium reduces the absorption of bisphosphonates.
Advise patients to take bisphosphonates at least 30 minutes before calcium, but preferably at a different time of day. Calcium supplements decrease absorption of bisphosphonates.
Calcipotriene (Dovonex)
Taking calcipotriene with calcium might increase the risk for hypercalcemia.
Calcipotriene is a vitamin D analog used topically for psoriasis. It can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to cause systemic effects, including hypercalcemia. Theoretically, combining calcipotriene with calcium supplements might increase the risk of hypercalcemia.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Using intravenous calcium with digoxin might increase the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias.
Hypercalcemia increases the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias with digoxin. However, one retrospective analysis of clinical data suggests that intravenous calcium does not increase the risk of dysrhythmias or mortality in patients receiving digoxin.
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Others)
Theoretically, calcium may reduce the therapeutic effects of diltiazem.
Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically, calcium might increase this risk of hypercalcemia and reduce the effectiveness of diltiazem.
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)
Calcium seems to reduce the absorption and effectiveness of levothyroxine.
Advise patients to take levothyroxine and calcium supplements at least 4 hours apart. Calcium reduces levothyroxine absorption, probably by forming insoluble complexes. Calcium carbonate supplements reduce effectiveness of levothyroxine in patients with hypothyroidism.
Lithium
Theoretically, concomitant use of calcium and lithium may increase this risk of hypercalcemia.
Clinical research suggests that long-term use of lithium may cause hypercalcemia in 10% to 60% of patients. Theoretically, concomitant use of lithium and calcium supplements may further increase this risk.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of quinolone antibiotics.
Advise patients to take oral quinolones at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after calcium supplements or calcium-fortified foods. Taking calcium at the same time as oral quinolones can reduce quinolone absorption. Calcium binds to quinolones in the gut.
Raltegravir (Isentress)
Calcium may reduce levels of raltegravir.
Pharmacokinetic research shows that taking a single dose of calcium carbonate 3000 mg along with raltegravir 400 mg twice daily modestly decreases the mean area under the curve of raltegravir, but the decrease does not necessitate a dose adjustment of raltegravir. However, a case of elevated HIV-1 RNA levels and documented resistance to raltegravir has been reported for a patient taking calcium carbonate 1 gram three times daily plus vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) 400 IU three times daily in combination with raltegravir 400 mg twice daily for 11 months. It is thought that calcium reduced raltegravir levels by chelation, leading to treatment failure.
Sotalol (Betapace)
Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of sotalol.
Advise patients to separate doses by at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after calcium. Calcium appears to reduce the absorption of sotalol, probably by forming insoluble complexes.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics.
Advise patients to take oral tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after calcium supplements. Taking calcium at the same time as oral tetracyclines can reduce tetracycline absorption. Calcium binds to tetracyclines in the gut.
Thiazide Diuretics
Taking calcium along with thiazides might increase the risk of hypercalcemia and renal failure.
Thiazides reduce calcium excretion by the kidneys. Using thiazides along with moderately large amounts of calcium carbonate increases the risk of milk-alkali syndrome (hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, renal failure). Patients may need to have their serum calcium levels and/or parathyroid function monitored regularly.
Verapamil (Calan, Others)
Theoretically, calcium may reduce the therapeutic effects of verapamil.
Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically, use of calcium supplements may increase this risk of hypercalcemia and reduce the effectiveness of verapamil.
Calcium Channel Blockers
Intravenous calcium may decrease the effects of calcium channel blockers; oral calcium is unlikely to have this effect.
Intravenous calcium is used to decrease the effects of calcium channel blockers in the management of overdose. Intravenous calcium gluconate has been used before intravenous verapamil (Isoptin) to prevent or reduce the hypotensive effects without affecting the antiarrhythmic effects. But there is no evidence that dietary or supplemental calcium when taken orally interacts with calcium channel blockers.
Nettle extract
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Clinical research shows that stinging nettle might decrease blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, combining stinging nettle with diuretic drugs may have additive effects.
Animal research suggests that the above ground parts and roots of stinging nettle may have a diuretic effect.
Lithium
Theoretically, stinging nettle might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Animal research suggests that stinging nettle has diuretic and natriuretic properties, which could alter the excretion of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
There is some concern that stinging nettle might decrease the effects of anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin.
Stinging nettle contains a significant amount of vitamin K. When taken in large quantities, this might interfere with the activity of warfarin.
Dong Quai extract
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Dong quai may increase the risk of bleeding when used with warfarin.
Case reports suggest that concomitant use of dong quai with warfarin can increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin and increase the risk of bleeding. In one case, after 4 weeks of taking dong quai 565 mg once or twice daily, the international normalized ratio (INR) increased to 4.9. The INR normalized 4 weeks after discontinuation of dong quai.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, dong quai may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs; however, research is conflicting.
Animal studies suggest that dong quai has antithrombin activity and inhibits platelet aggregation due to its coumarin components. Additionally, some case reports in humans suggest that dong quai can increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. However, clinical research in healthy adults shows that taking 1 gram of dong quai root daily for 3 weeks does not significantly inhibit platelet aggregation or cause bleeding. Until more is known, use dong quai with caution in patients taking antiplatelet/anticoagulant drugs.
Estrogens
Theoretically, dong quai may reduce the effects of estrogens.
Dong quai has estrogenic effects. Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of dong quai might interfere with hormone replacement therapy due to competition for estrogen receptors.
Juniper essential oil
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking juniper berry with antidiabetes medications might cause additive hypoglycemia.
Animal research shows that juniper berry can lower blood glucose.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, juniper berry might increase the risk of adverse effects from diuretic drugs.
Juniper berry is thought to have mild diuretic effects.
Lithium
Theoretically, juniper berry might reduce lithium excretion and increase serum levels of lithium.
Juniper berry is thought to have mild diuretic effects.
Bromelain
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
There is one case report of a patient experiencing minor bruising while taking bromelain with naproxen. Bromelain is thought to have antiplatelet activity. Whether this interaction is of concern with topical bromelain is unclear. Interference with coagulation of burn wounds has been reported in a patient receiving bromelain-based enzymatic debridement. However, observational research has found that topical bromelain debridement is not associated with increases or decreases in laboratory markers of coagulation when compared with surgical debridement.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Laboratory research suggests that bromelain might increase the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics. However, a study in healthy adults reported no difference in tetracycline plasma levels when a 500 mg dose was taken with or without bromelain 80 mg.
Red Raspberry
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, taking red raspberry leaf with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
In vitro research suggests that red raspberry leaf extract has antiplatelet activity and enhances the in vitro effects of the antiplatelet medication cangrelor. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
Insulin
Red raspberry leaf might reduce glucose levels in patients being treated with insulin.
In one case report, a 38-year-old patient with gestational diabetes, whose blood glucose was being controlled with medical nutrition therapy and insulin, developed hypoglycemia after consuming two servings of raspberry leaf tea daily for 3 days beginning at 32 weeks' gestation. The patient required an insulin dose reduction. The hypoglycemia was considered to be probably related to use of red raspberry leaf tea.
Cherry extract
Alkylating Agents
Theoretically, the antioxidant effects of acerola might reduce the effectiveness of alkylating agents.
Acerola contains vitamin C, an antioxidant. There is concern that antioxidants might reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals, such as alkylating agents. In contrast, other researchers theorize that antioxidants might make alkylating chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that could interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin C have on chemotherapy.
Antitumor Antibiotics
Theoretically, the antioxidant effects of acerola might reduce the effectiveness of antitumor antibiotics.
Acerola contains vitamin C, an antioxidant. There is concern that antioxidants might reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals, such as antitumor antibiotics. In contrast, other researchers theorize that antioxidants might make antitumor antibiotic chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that could interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effects, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin C have on antitumor antibiotic chemotherapy.
Aluminum
Theoretically, concomitant use of acerola with aluminum salts might increase the amount of aluminum absorbed.
Acerola contains vitamin C. It is thought that vitamin C chelates aluminum, keeping it in solution and available for absorption. In people with normal renal function, urinary excretion of aluminum likely increases, making aluminum retention and toxicity unlikely. However, patients with renal failure who take aluminum-containing compounds, such as phosphate binders, should avoid acerola in doses that provide more vitamin C than the recommended dietary allowances.
Aspirin
Theoretically, acerola might reduce the clearance of aspirin; however, its vitamin C content is likely too low to produce clinically significant effects.
Acerola contains vitamin C. It has been suggested that acidification of the urine by vitamin C can decrease the urinary excretion of salicylates, increasing plasma salicylate levels. However, short-term use of up to 6 grams daily of vitamin C does not seem to affect urinary pH or salicylate excretion. The vitamin C content of acerola is typically about 2000 mg per 100 grams. Thus, a clinically significant interaction between acerola and aspirin is unlikely.
Estrogens
Theoretically, concomitant use of acerola with estrogens might increase estrogenic effects.
Acerola contains vitamin C. Increases in plasma estrogen levels of up to 55% have occurred under some circumstances when vitamin C is taken concurrently with oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy, including topical products. It is suggested that vitamin C prevents oxidation of estrogen in the tissues, regenerates oxidized estrogen, and reduces sulfate conjugation of estrogen in the gut wall. When tissue levels of vitamin C are high, these processes are already maximized and supplemental vitamin C does not have any effect on estrogen levels. However, increases in plasma estrogen levels may occur when women who are deficient in vitamin C take supplements.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, acerola might reduce the effectiveness of warfarin; however, its vitamin C content is likely too low to produce clinically significant effects.
Acerola contains vitamin C. High doses of vitamin C may reduce the response to warfarin, possibly by causing diarrhea and reducing warfarin absorption. This occurred in two people who took up to 16 grams daily of vitamin C, and resulted in decreased prothrombin time. Lower doses of 5-10 grams daily of vitamin C can also reduce warfarin absorption, but this does not seem to be clinically significant. The vitamin C content of acerola is typically about 2000 mg per 100 grams. Thus, a clinically significant interaction between acerola and warfarin is unlikely.
Mangosteen
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of mangosteen with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs may increase the risk of bleeding.
In vitro and animal research shows that gamma-mangostin, a constituent of mangosteen, is a potent and competitive antagonist of the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor. Antagonism of the 5-HT2A receptor is believed to reduce platelet aggregation.
Donepezil (Aricept)
Theoretically, concomitant use of mangosteen with donepezil might increase the effects of donepezil.
Animal research shows that concomitant use of an aqueous extract of mangosteen pericarp with donepezil increases brain concentrations of donepezil at 4 hours by 64% without associated effects on systemic exposure.
Burdock
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, taking burdock with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
In vitro research shows that lignans from burdock reduce rabbit platelet aggregation by inhibiting platelet activating factor. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
Prune
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, plum juice might have antiplatelet effects.
Consuming plum juice while taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding. In healthy volunteers, drinking plum juice 200 mL daily for 28 days prolonged clotting time and inhibited platelet aggregation.
Pau d'Arco
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, pau d'arco might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that pau d'arco reduces platelet aggregation and may interfere with vitamin K. One clinical study shows that taking the lapachol constituent of pau d'arco in doses above 1.5 grams daily increases the risk of bleeding. The effects of whole pau d'arco or pau d'arco extract in humans are unclear.
Red Palm Oil
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, palm oil might decrease the effectiveness of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
The palm olein constituent in palm oil seems to increase platelet aggregation.
Honeysuckle flower extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, honeysuckle might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that polyphenols extracted from honeysuckle can inhibit platelet aggregation.
Cypress essential oil
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
In vitro evidence shows that cypress cone extract inhibits blood coagulation in a concentration-dependent manner. In one case report, prolonged bleeding time during surgery occurred in a 52-year-old female undergoing removal of a premalignant skin lesion. Based on preoperative questioning, the patient had no relevant history of systemic disease, drug use, or allergy. Upon postoperative questioning, the patient reported taking cypress cone extract for one year prior to surgery. Theoretically, taking cypress extract along with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding in some patients. Some anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs include aspirin; clopidogrel (Plavix); nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), and naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, others); dalteparin (Fragmin); enoxaparin (Lovenox); heparin; warfarin (Coumadin); and others.
Elderberry
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, elderberry might interfere with immunosuppressant therapy due to its immunostimulant activity.
Elderberry has immunostimulant activity, increasing the production of cytokines, including interleukin and tumor necrosis factor.
Pazopanib (Votrient)
Theoretically, elderberry might interact with pazopanib, potentially increasing the risk of adverse effects.
Arabinogalactan
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, larch arabinogalactan might interfere with immunosuppression therapy due to immunostimulant effects. Immunosuppressant drugs include azathioprine (Imuran), basiliximab (Simulect), cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), daclizumab (Zenapax), muromonab-CD3 (OKT3, Orthoclone OKT3), mycophenolate (CellCept), tacrolimus (FK506, Prograf), sirolimus (Rapamune), prednisone (Deltasone, Orasone), corticosteroids (glucocorticoids), and other drugs.
Chaste Tree extract
Antipsychotic Drugs
Theoretically, vitex agnus-castus could interfere with the activity of antipsychotic drugs.
Vitex agnus-castus might interfere with the action of dopamine antagonists such as antipsychotic drugs due to its dopamine agonist effects.
Contraceptive Drugs
Theoretically, vitex agnus-castus could interfere with oral contraceptives.
Vitex agnus-castus might interfere with the efficacy of oral contraceptives due to possible hormone modulating activity.
Dopamine Agonists
Theoretically, vitex agnus-castus could interfere with dopamine agonists.
Vitex agnus-castus might potentiate the actions of dopaminergic agonists due to possible dopaminergic effects.
Estrogens
Theoretically, vitex agnus-castus could interfere with the activity of estrogens.
Vitex agnus-castus has hormone modulating activity that can interfere with the efficacy of hormone replacement therapy.
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
Theoretically, dopaminergic effects of vitex agnus-castus could interfere with metoclopramide.
Vitex agnus-castus might interfere with the action of dopamine antagonists such as metoclopramide due to its possible dopaminergic effects.
Papaya
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Theoretically, papaya extract may increase the levels and clinical effects of amiodarone.
Animal research in rats shows that a single oral dose of papaya extract, as well as multiple doses of papaya extract daily over 14 days, prior to a single dose of amiodarone delays the time to maximum amiodarone concentration. However, only the 14-day papaya extract regimen increases systemic amiodarone exposure by 60% to 70%. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Concomitant use of antidiabetic drugs with fermented papaya can produce additive effects. It is unclear if other forms of papaya have the same effect.
A small low-quality clinical study in patients with type 2 diabetes who are taking glibenclamide shows that taking a fermented papaya preparation 3 grams daily for 2 months decreases fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels when compared to baseline. Additionally, of the 25 patients in the study, 9 required a reduction in glibenclamide dose.
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)
Theoretically, consuming large quantities of papaya fruit can reduce the clinical effects of levothyroxine.
In one case-report, a 37-year-old male with a history of thyroidectomy who was stabilized on levothyroxine for 5 years presented with hypothyroidism after consuming 5-6 papaya fruits daily for 14 days during vacation. In a controlled re-challenge test involving 5-6 papayas daily, the patient remained euthyroid for 7 days, but developed mild hypothyroidism after 14 days. Both times, thyroid levels normalized 40-45 days after discontinuing papaya.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, concomitant use of warfarin with papain-containing papaya extract might increase the effects and side effects of warfarin.
In one case report, a patient previously stable on warfarin was found to have an international normalization ratio (INR) of 7.4, which was attributed to ingestion of a supplement containing papain from papaya extract.
Blueberry
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, blueberries or blueberry leaf extracts might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal and in vitro research suggests that blueberry and/or blueberry leaf extracts can lower blood glucose levels.
Buspirone (Buspar)
Theoretically, blueberry juice might increase blood levels of buspirone.
In vitro research shows that blueberry juice can inhibit the metabolism of buspirone, possibly by inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) enzymes. However, pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that drinking 300 mL of blueberry juice 30 minutes before taking buspirone hydrochloride 10 mg does not significantly affect the concentration or clearance of buspirone.
Flurbiprofen (Ansaid, Others)
Theoretically, blueberry juice might increase blood levels of flurbiprofen.
In vitro research shows that blueberry juice can inhibit the metabolism of flurbiprofen, possibly by inhibiting cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) enzymes. However, pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that drinking 300 mL of blueberry juice 30 minutes before taking flurbiprofen 100 mg does not significantly affect the concentration or clearance of flurbiprofen.
Spinach
Antidiabetes Drugs
There are claims that spinach leaves have hypoglycemic effects. Evidence from clinical research suggests that consumption of a spinach-rich meal reduces post-meal blood glucose levels. Theoretically, spinach might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary. Some antidiabetes drugs include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and others.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Spinach contains vitamin K, which can interfere with the activity of warfarin.
In human research, although eating spinach with one meal does not result in coagulation test results outside the therapeutic range, daily consumption for one week necessitates dose adjustment of warfarin. Individuals using anticoagulants should consume a consistent daily amount of spinach to maintain the effect of anticoagulant therapy.
Myrrh essential oil
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, myrrh might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
In vitro and animal research suggests that myrrh has hypoglycemic effects.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, myrrh might decrease the effectiveness of warfarin.
In one case, a patient who was previously stable on warfarin had a significant decline in international normalized ratio (INR) following consumption of an aqueous extract of myrrh.
Dillweed essential oil
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, dill extract might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Animal research shows that dill extract can reduce blood sugar levels. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.
Some antidiabetes drugs include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and others.
Lithium
Dill is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, dill might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
L-Cysteine
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking L-cysteine supplements with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research suggests that L-cysteine can have hypoglycemic effects.
Acai
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking acai with antidiabetes drugs might interfere with glycemic control.
Preliminary clinical research in healthy adults has shown that taking acai may increase or decrease levels of fasting blood glucose.
Inulin
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, inulin might increase the risk of hypoglycemia with antidiabetes drugs.
Some clinical research shows that inulin improves glycemic control in patients with diabetes; however, it is unclear if it has hypoglycemic effects.
Okra
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of ambrette with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research shows that myricetin, a constituent of ambrette, can lower blood glucose levels.
Chicory extract
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, chicory might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal and in vitro research shows that chicory extracts have antidiabetic effects.
Inositol
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking inositol with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research shows that inositol lowers blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with diabetes.
Oat Grass
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, oats may have additive effects with antidiabetic agents and might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Consuming oats can decrease blood glucose in patients with diabetes. In those who require insulin, taking oats 100 grams daily for 2 days reduces the insulin dose required to achieve metabolic control.
Insulin
Concomitant use of oats and insulin might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
In patients with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes, taking oats 100 grams daily for 2 days reduces the insulin dose required to achieve metabolic control.
Rutin
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking rutin with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research suggests that rutin has hypoglycemic effects.
Galbanum essential oil
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking galbanum with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
In an animal diabetic model, galbanum resin reduces levels of fasting blood glucose at doses of 100 mg/kg, but not 400 mg/kg. This has not been shown in human research.
Dulse
Amiodarine (Cordarone)
Theoretically, combining dulse with amiodarone might cause excessively high iodine levels.
Dulse is rich in iodine, and amiodarone contains 37.3% iodine and can increase iodine levels.
Antithyroid Drugs
Theoretically, due to its iodine content, dulse might alter the effects of antithyroid drugs.
Dulse is rich in iodine. Iodine in high doses has been reported to cause both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, depending on the individual's past medical history.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, dulse might increase the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with digoxin.
Dulse is rich in potassium, and digoxin can increase potassium levels in the blood. This interaction has not been demonstrated in humans.
Thyroid Hormone
Theoretically, due to its iodine content, dulse might alter the effects of thyroid hormone.
Dulse is rich in iodine. Iodine in high doses has been reported to cause both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, depending on the individual's past medical history. Although dulse has been associated with a statistically significant increase in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in clinical research, clinically significant increases have not been documented.
Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)
Theoretically, dulse might increase the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with ACEIs.
Dulse is rich in potassium. ACEIs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels. However, using these drugs while consuming dulse in quantities that provide larger amounts of potassium daily might increase the risk of hyperkalemia. Additionally, in vitro research suggests that dulse protein hydrolysates inhibit the activity of ACE. However, these effects have not been demonstrated in humans.
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Arbs)
Theoretically, dulse might increase the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with ARBs.
Dulse is rich in potassium. ARBs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels. However, using these drugs while consuming dulse in quantities that provide higher amounts of potassium daily might increase the risk of hyperkalemia. Additionally, in vitro research suggests that dulse protein hydrolysates inhibit the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). However, these effects have not been demonstrated in humans.
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Theoretically, dulse might increase the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with potassium-sparing diuretics.
Dulse is rich in potassium, and potassium-sparing diuretics can increase potassium levels in the blood. This interaction has not been shown in humans.
Manganese
Antipsychotic Drugs
Theoretically, the risk for manganese toxicity might increase when taken with antipsychotic drugs.
Hallucinations and behavioral changes have been reported in a patient with liver disease who was taking haloperidol and manganese. Researchers speculate that taking manganese along with haloperidol, phenothiazine-derivatives, or other antipsychotic medications might increase the risk of manganese toxicity in some patients.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Theoretically, manganese might reduce the absorption of quinolone antibiotics.
Manganese is a multivalent cation. Interactions resulting in reduced quinolone absorption have been reported between quinolones and other multivalent cations, such as calcium and iron.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Theoretically, manganese might reduce the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics.
Manganese is a multivalent cation. Interactions resulting in reduced tetracycline absorption have been reported between tetracyclines and other multivalent cations, such as calcium and iron.
Iron
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)
Iron might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption when taken in a fasting state.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide and iron can be taken together if taken with food. However, if taken on an empty stomach, bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should not be taken with, or 2 hours after, iron containing products.
Bisphosphonates
Iron reduces the absorption of bisphosphonates.
Advise patients that doses of bisphosphonates should be separated by at least two hours from doses of all other medications, including supplements such as iron. Divalent cations, including iron, can decrease absorption of bisphosphonates by forming insoluble complexes in the gastrointestinal tract.
Denosumab (Prolia, Others)
Administration of intravenous iron within one month of denosumab administration might increase the risk of severe hypophosphatemia and hypocalcemia.
A case of severe hypocalcemia (albumin corrected calcium 6.88 mg/dL, ionized calcium 3.68 mg/dL) and hypophosphatemia (<0.5 mg/dL) with respiratory acidosis, QT interval prolongation, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia was reported in a 76-year-old male who had received an iron polymaltose infusion within 2 weeks of a subcutaneous injection of denosumab. Serum parathyroid hormone was also elevated (348 pg/mL). Subsequent iron infusions with iron polymaltose and ferric carboxymaltose were followed by transient hypophosphatemia, but without hypocalcemia. Additionally, a literature review describes 6 additional cases of hypophosphatemia and hypocalcemia in patients 52-92 years of age who had been administered intravenous iron as either ferric carboxymaltose or iron polymaltose and subcutaneous denosumab within 1-4 weeks of each other.
Dolutegravir (Tivicay)
Iron might decrease dolutegravir levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to take dolutegravir at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after taking iron. Pharmacokinetic research shows that iron can decrease the absorption of dolutegravir from the gastrointestinal tract through chelation. When taken under fasting conditions, a single dose of ferrous fumarate 324 mg orally along with dolutegravir 50 mg reduces overall exposure to dolutegravir by 54%.
Integrase Inhibitors
Theoretically, taking iron along with integrase inhibitors might decrease the levels and clinical effects of these drugs.
Iron is a divalent cation. There is concern that iron may decrease the absorption of integrase inhibitors from the gastrointestinal tract through chelation. One pharmacokinetic study shows that iron can decrease blood levels of the specific integrase inhibitor dolutegravir through chelation. Also, other pharmacokinetic research shows that other divalent cations such as calcium can decrease the absorption and levels of some integrase inhibitors through chelation.
Levodopa
Iron might decrease levodopa levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to separate doses of levodopa and iron as much as possible. There is some evidence in healthy people that iron forms chelates with levodopa, reducing the amount of levodopa absorbed by around 50%. The clinical significance of this hasn't been determined.
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)
Iron might decrease levothyroxine levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to separate levothyroxine and iron doses by at least 2 hours. Iron can decrease the absorption and efficacy of levothyroxine by forming insoluble complexes in the gastrointestinal tract.
Methyldopa (Aldomet)
Iron might decrease methyldopa levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to separate methyldopa and iron doses by at least 2 hours. Iron can decrease the absorption of methyldopa from the gastrointestinal tract through chelation, resulting in increases in blood pressure.
Mycophenolate Mofetil (Cellcept)
Theoretically, iron might decrease mycophenolate mofetil levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to take iron 4-6 hours before, or 2 hours after, mycophenolate mofetil. It has been suggested that a decrease of absorption is possible, probably by forming nonabsorbable chelates. However, mycophenolate pharmacokinetics are not affected by iron supplementation in available clinical research.
Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)
Iron might decrease penicillamine levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to separate penicillamine and iron doses by at least 2 hours. Oral iron supplements can reduce absorption of penicillamine by 30% to 70%, probably due to chelate formation. In people with Wilson's disease, this interaction has led to reduced efficacy of penicillamine.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Iron might decrease levels of quinolone antibiotics by reducing their absorption.
Advise patients to separate quinolone antibiotics and iron doses by at least 2 hours. Iron decreases the absorption of quinolones due to formation of insoluble complexes in the gastrointestinal tract.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Iron might decrease levels of tetracycline antibiotics by reducing their absorption.
Advise patients to take iron at least 2 hours before or 4 hours after tetracycline antibiotics. Concomitant use can decrease absorption of tetracycline antibiotics from the gastrointestinal tract by 50% to 90%.
Chloramphenicol
Theoretically, taking chloramphenicol with iron might reduce the response to iron therapy in iron deficiency anemia.
Chloramphenicol interferes with erythrocyte maturation. However, since chloramphenicol isn't usually taken for prolonged periods, this isn't likely to be clinically significant.
Yellow Dock
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of digoxin toxicity when used long-term or in large amount.
When yellow dock is used chronically or in large amounts, hypokalemia may occur. This might increase the toxic effects of digoxin.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
When yellow dock is used chronically or in large amounts, hypokalemia may occur, and overuse of yellow dock might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, the laxative effects of yellow dock might increase the effects of warfarin, including the risk of bleeding.
The anthraquinones in yellow dock have a mild stimulant laxative effect. Consuming excessive amounts can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding.
Asparagus
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, asparagus root might increase diuresis and electrolyte loss when used with diuretic drugs.
Animal studies show that asparagus root extracts have diuretic effects. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Lithium
Theoretically, asparagus root might cause diuresis, reducing lithium clearance.
Animal studies show that asparagus root extracts have diuretic effects. Theoretically, this might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
Zinc
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)
Theoretically, zinc might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after zinc containing products.
Cephalexin (Keflex)
Zinc might decrease cephalexin levels by chelating with cephalexin in the gut and preventing its absorption.
A pharmacokinetic study shows that zinc sulfate 250 mg taken concomitantly with cephalexin 500 mg decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 31% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 27%. Also, taking zinc sulfate 3 hours before cephalexin decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 11% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 18%. By decreasing cephalexin levels, zinc might increase the risk of treatment failure. This effect does not occur when zinc is taken 3 hours after the cephalexin dose. To avoid an interaction, advise patients take zinc sulfate 3 hours after taking cephalexin.
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)
Theoretically, zinc might interfere with the therapeutic effects of cisplatin.
Animal research suggests that zinc stimulates tumor cell production of the protein metallothionein, which binds and inactivates cisplatin. It is not known whether zinc supplements or high dietary zinc intake can cause clinically significant interference with cisplatin therapy. Cisplatin might also increase zinc excretion.
Integrase Inhibitors
Theoretically, taking zinc along with integrase inhibitors might decrease the levels and clinical effects of these drugs.
Zinc is a divalent cation. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that other divalent cations such as calcium and iron can decrease blood levels of the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir through chelation.
Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)
Zinc might reduce the levels and clinical effects of penicillamine.
By forming an insoluble complex with penicillamine, zinc interferes with penicillamine absorption and activity. Zinc supplements reduce the efficacy of low-dose penicillamine (0.5-1 gram/day), but do not seem to affect higher doses (1-2.75 gram/day), provided dosing times are separated. Advise patients to take zinc and penicillamine at least 2 hours apart.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Zinc can decrease the levels and clinical effects of quinolones antibiotics.
Quinolones form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing absorption of both the quinolone and zinc if taken at the same time. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements.
Ritonavir (Norvir)
Zinc modestly reduces levels of ritonavir.
Clinical research shows that zinc might reduce serum ritonavir levels by chelating with ritonavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. In patients with HIV, ritonavir is taken with atazanavir to prevent the metabolism and increase the effects of atazanavir. A pharmacokinetic study shows that, in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg as a single dose or as multiple daily doses for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of ritonavir by about 16%. However, atazanavir levels still remains high enough to prevent HIV virus replication. Therefore, the decrease in ritonavir levels is not likely to be clinically significant.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Zinc might reduce levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Tetracyclines form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, which can reduce absorption of both the tetracycline and zinc when taken at the same time. Taking zinc sulfate 200 mg with tetracycline reduces absorption of the antibiotic by 30% to 40%. Demeclocycline and minocycline cause a similar interaction. However, doxycycline does not seem to interact significantly with zinc. Advise patients to take tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements to avoid any interactions.
Amiloride (Midamor)
Amiloride can modestly reduce zinc excretion and increase zinc levels.
Clinical research shows that amiloride can reduce urinary zinc excretion, especially at doses of 10 mg per day or more. This zinc-sparing effect can help to counteract zinc losses caused by thiazide diuretics, but it is unlikely to cause zinc toxicity at usual amiloride doses. The other potassium-sparing diuretics, spironolactone (Aldactone) and triamterene (Dyrenium), do not seem to have a zinc-sparing effect.
Atazanavir (Reyataz)
Zinc modestly reduces levels of atazanavir, although this effect does not seem to be clinically significant.
Clinical research shows that zinc might decrease serum atazanavir levels by chelating with atazanavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. Although a single dose of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg orally does not affect atazanavir concentrations in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate 125 mg daily for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of atazanavir by about 22% in these patients. However, despite this decrease, atazanavir levels still remain at high enough concentrations for the prevention of HIV virus replication.
Potassium
Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)
Using ACEIs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ACEIs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Arbs)
Using ARBs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ARBs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Concomitant use increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
Using potassium-sparing diuretics with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
L-Glutamine
Anticonvulsants
Theoretically, glutamine might antagonize the effects of anticonvulsant medications.
Glutamine is metabolized to the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Glutamate might have antagonistic effects with anticonvulsant drugs. However, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.
Wild Yam
Estrogens
Theoretically, wild yam might increase or decrease the effects of estrogen.
Wild yam root shows estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects in vitro. Theoretically, wild yam might interfere with hormone therapy.
Apple Pectin
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, pectin might reduce the absorption of digoxin, potentially decreasing its effectiveness.
A small clinical study shows that taking digoxin with a kaolin-pectin suspension reduces the absorption of digoxin by about 62%. It is unclear if these effects are due to pectin, kaolin, or the combination.
Lovastatin (Mevacor)
Theoretically, pectin might reduce the absorption of lovastatin, potentially decreasing its effectiveness.
Case reports suggest that concomitant use of pectin and lovastatin might reduce the cholesterol-lowering effect of lovastatin, possibly due to reduced intestinal absorption of lovastatin.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Theoretically, pectin might reduce the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics, potentially decreasing their effectiveness.
A small clinical study shows that taking tetracycline with bismuth subsalicylate in a kaolin-pectin suspension reduces the absorption of tetracycline by about 34%. It is unclear if these effects are due to pectin, kaolin, bismuth subsalicylate, or the combination.
L-Tyrosine
Levodopa
Theoretically, tyrosine might decrease the effectiveness of levodopa.
Tyrosine and levodopa compete for absorption in the proximal duodenum by the large neutral amino acid (LNAA) transport system. Advise patients to separate doses of tyrosine and levodopa by at least 2 hours.
Thyroid Hormone
Theoretically, tyrosine might have additive effects with thyroid hormone medications.
Tyrosine is a precursor to thyroxine and might increase levels of thyroid hormones.
Riboflavin
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Theoretically, taking riboflavin with tetracycline antibiotics may decrease the potency of these antibiotics.
In vitro research suggests that riboflavin may inhibit the potency of tetracycline antibiotics. It is not clear if this effect is clinically significant, as this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Vitamin B12
Metformin (Glucophage)
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals. Prolonged use of metformin can interfere with the absorption of B12 in the digestive system, potentially leading to a deficiency in this essential vitamin.
L-Phenylalanine
Levodopa
Phenylalanine, especially in high doses, can reduce the effectiveness of levodopa.
Phenylalanine competes with levodopa for carrier-mediated transport into the brain. The resulting reduction in levels of levodopa in the brain can exacerbate tremor, rigidity, and the "on-off" phenomenon in patients with Parkinson disease.
Baclofen
Concomitant intake of phenylalanine may reduce the intestinal absorption of baclofen.
Phenylalanine and baclofen share the same intestinal carrier for absorption; phenylalanine competitively inhibits the absorption of baclofen, reducing its plasma levels.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)
Theoretically, concomitant use of L-phenylalanine and non-selective MAOIs might increase the risk of hypertensive crisis.
L-phenylalanine is metabolized to tyrosine. Some evidence suggests that L-phenylalanine, given with the non-selective MAOI pargyline, might prevent the elimination of tyramine, increasing the risk of hypertensive crisis. However, this was not reported in a small number of patients when using L-phenylalanine with the partially selective MAO-B inhibitor, selegiline.
Choline
Atropine
Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Animal research shows that administering choline one hour before administering atropine can attenuate atropine-induced decreases in brain levels of acetylcholine. Theoretically, concomitant use of choline and atropine may decrease the effects of atropine.
Iodine
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Combining iodine with amiodarone might cause excessively high iodine levels.
Amiodarone contains 37.3% iodine and can increase iodine levels. Concomitant use with iodine might increase the risk of having excessive iodine levels and adversely affecting thyroid function. Monitor thyroid function.
Antithyroid Drugs
Iodine might alter the effects of antithyroid drugs.
Iodine in high doses has been reported to cause both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, depending on the individual's past medical history. Taking iodine while using antithyroid drugs could alter the effects of the antithyroid drugs.
Lithium
Combining iodine with lithium might have additive hypothyroid effects.
Lithium can inhibit thyroid function. Several case reports suggest that concomitant use of lithium and potassium iodide can reduce thyroid function in otherwise healthy adults. Monitor thyroid function.
Banana
Levodopa
Taking banana may reduce the effectiveness of levodopa.
A case report describes apparent wearing off in a patient with Parkinson disease after eating a banana every day. The wearing off subsided after removing dietary bananas.
L-Threonine
Nmda Antagonists
Theoretically, threonine might decrease the effects of NMDA antagonists.
Threonine increases central nervous system (CNS) glycine levels. Glycine seems to bind a site on NMDA receptors and enhance the activity of the receptors.
Thiamine
Trimethoprim (Proloprim)
Trimethoprim might increase blood levels of thiamine.
In vitro, animal, and clinical research suggest that trimethoprim inhibits intestinal thiamine transporter ThTR-2, hepatic transporter OCT1, and renal transporters OCT2, MATE1, and MATE2, resulting in paradoxically increased thiamine plasma concentrations.
Papain
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, papain might increase the effects and side effects of warfarin.
In one case report, a patient previously stable on warfarin was found to have an international normalization ratio (INR) of 7.4, which was attributed to ingestion of a supplement containing papain from papaya extract.
Bee Pollen
Warfarin (Coumadin)
There is some concern that bee pollen might interact with warfarin and increase the risk of bleeding.
In one case report, a patient on warfarin had a stable international normalized ratio (INR) of 1.9-3.3 for 9 months. The patient's INR was found to be 7.1 after starting bee pollen granules one teaspoon twice daily for approximately one month. The patient's warfarin dose was decreased by approximately 11% in order to return the INR to the therapeutic range while continuing the bee pollen supplement.
Vitamin K
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Vitamin K can antagonize and reverse the therapeutic effects of warfarin.
Vitamin K antagonizes the effects of warfarin. Excessive vitamin K intake, either from supplements or from changes in the diet, can reduce the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.
Glycine
Clozapine (Clozaril)
Theoretically, glycine might decrease the effectiveness of clozapine.
One small clinical study in patients with schizophrenia shows that adding glycine to clozapine therapy worsens symptoms of schizophrenia when compared with clozapine alone. The mechanism of this interaction is unclear.
L-Lysine
5-Ht4 Agonists
Theoretically, lysine may reduce the effects of 5-HT4 agonists.
Animal research suggests that L-lysine is a partial serotonin receptor 4 (5-HT4) antagonist and inhibits diarrhea induced by the 5-HT4 agonist, 5-hydroxytryptophane.
Pumpkin
Lithium
Pumpkin might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Pumpkin is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, this might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
Lemon extract
Itraconazole (Sporanox)
Theoretically, taking itraconazole capsules or tablets with a beverage containing lemon might increase the levels and clinical effects of itraconazole.
In one case report, dissolving itraconazole tablets in a small amount of specific beverages containing lemon prior to administration increased the level of itraconazole in a lung transplant patient. In this case, the increased bioavailability was desirable and was likely due to improved tablet dissolution in the acidic beverage.
Barley Grass
Triclabendazole (Egaten)
Theoretically, barley might decrease the clinical effects of triclabendazole.
Animal research suggests that a diet supplemented with barley can reduce the bioavailability of triclabendazole when taken concomitantly. This effect has not been shown in humans.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor, from the product label.
Drucker Labs
See all Drucker Labs products- Name
- Drucker Labs
- City
- Plano
- State
- TX
- ZipCode
- 75074
- Phone Number
- 888.881.2344
- Web Address
- www.druckerlabs.com
intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor by Drucker Labs: Common Questions
Does intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor by Drucker Labs interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
What is L-glutamine in this product for?
Can I take this while pregnant?
Will this interact with my blood pressure medication?
Does this have any fillers?
What if I'm taking warfarin (a blood thinner)?
Can I take this if I have Parkinson's disease and take levodopa?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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The Full Monographs Behind intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Glutamine
Interacts with 50 drugsGlutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is usually made in your muscles. A prescription form is FDA-approved to help reduce sickle cell disease complications, but for most...
Read the full Glutamine monograph → Herb & supplement monographCitric Acid
Citric acid is a natural acid found in citrus fruits and is widely used as a safe food additive, flavoring, and preservative. In medicine, citrate forms (like potassium or sodium citrate) ar...
Read the full Citric Acid monograph → Herb & supplement monographGlycine
Interacts with 1 drugGlycine is a non-essential amino acid your body makes on its own and that also appears in protein-rich foods. It is most studied for improving sleep quality, where early research is promisin...
Read the full Glycine monograph → Herb & supplement monographL-arginine
Interacts with 403 drugsL-arginine is an amino acid that the body uses to make nitric oxide, a substance that helps blood vessels relax and widen. It is popularly used for blood pressure, erectile dysfunction, and...
Read the full L-arginine monograph → Herb & supplement monographAlpha-alanine
Alpha-alanine (usually called alanine) is a non-essential amino acid your body can make on its own and that you also get from protein foods. Most people do not need a supplement, and strong...
Read the full Alpha-alanine monograph → Herb & supplement monographRiboflavin
Interacts with 20 drugsRiboflavin (vitamin B2) is an essential nutrient your body needs to turn food into energy and to keep skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. It is generally very safe at typical doses, and the stro...
Read the full Riboflavin monograph → Herb & supplement monographBiotin
Biotin (vitamin B7) is a water-soluble vitamin your body needs to turn food into energy and to support healthy hair, skin, and nails. Most people get plenty from a normal diet, and true defi...
Read the full Biotin monograph → Herb & supplement monographCreatine
Creatine is one of the most studied sports supplements, with solid evidence that it can boost strength and performance during short, high-intensity activities like weightlifting and sprintin...
Read the full Creatine monograph → Herb & supplement monographMethionine
Methionine is an essential amino acid that your body needs for protein building and many basic chemical reactions. Most people get enough from a normal diet, and supplements are generally no...
Read the full Methionine monograph → Herb & supplement monographL-citrulline
Interacts with 178 drugsL-citrulline is an amino acid that the body turns into L-arginine to help make nitric oxide, which relaxes blood vessels and may improve blood flow. It is popular for exercise performance an...
Read the full L-citrulline monograph → Herb & supplement monographTyrosine
Interacts with 21 drugsL-tyrosine is an amino acid your body uses to make brain chemicals like dopamine and norepinephrine. Some studies suggest it may help mental performance during short-term stress, sleep loss,...
Read the full Tyrosine monograph → Herb & supplement monographPhenylalanine
Interacts with 16 drugsPhenylalanine is an essential amino acid the body uses to make brain chemicals like dopamine and norepinephrine. Some people take it for mood, vitiligo, or pain, but the evidence is mostly l...
Read the full Phenylalanine monograph → Herb & supplement monographProline
Proline is a non-essential amino acid that your body can make on its own and that you also get from protein-rich foods. It is a key building block of collagen, but strong human evidence that...
Read the full Proline monograph → Herb & supplement monographVitamin C
Interacts with 207 drugsVitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an essential nutrient your body needs but cannot make, so you must get it from food or supplements. It's important for immune function, collagen, and acts as an...
Read the full Vitamin C monograph → Herb & supplement monographAspartic Acid
Aspartic acid is a common amino acid your body makes on its own and gets from protein-rich foods, so a true deficiency is rare. D-aspartic acid is heavily marketed for boosting testosterone...
Read the full Aspartic Acid monograph → Herb & supplement monographPantothenic Acid
Pantothenic acid is vitamin B5, an essential nutrient your body uses to turn food into energy. True deficiency is very rare because it is found in nearly all foods, and most people meet thei...
Read the full Pantothenic Acid monograph → Herb & supplement monographGum Arabic
Interacts with 2,022 drugsGum arabic is a soluble dietary fiber from the acacia tree that is widely used as a safe food additive and is sometimes taken as a supplement for digestive health and as a prebiotic. Early s...
Read the full Gum Arabic monograph → Herb & supplement monographHistidine
Histidine is an essential amino acid your body needs to build proteins and to make compounds like histamine and carnosine. Most people get enough from a normal diet, and good-quality researc...
Read the full Histidine monograph → Herb & supplement monographCholine
Interacts with 16 drugsCholine is an essential nutrient your body needs for liver function, brain health, and nerve signaling, and many people get enough from foods like eggs, meat, and fish. Supplements may help...
Read the full Choline monograph → Herb & supplement monographPapain
Interacts with 2 drugsPapain is a protein-digesting enzyme from the papaya plant that is used in digestive supplements and some topical products. While it has clear food and laboratory uses, strong human evidence...
Read the full Papain monograph → Herb & supplement monographThreonine
Interacts with 3 drugsThreonine is an essential amino acid your body needs but cannot make, so you must get it from food or supplements. Most people get plenty from a normal diet, and high-quality evidence for ta...
Read the full Threonine monograph → Herb & supplement monographTheanine
Interacts with 565 drugsTheanine (usually L-theanine) is an amino acid found naturally in tea leaves that many people take to feel calmer and less stressed without strong drowsiness. Early research suggests it may...
Read the full Theanine monograph → Herb & supplement monographVitamin D
Interacts with 715 drugsVitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and is important for healthy bones, muscles, and immune function. Many people, especially those with low sun exposure,...
Read the full Vitamin D monograph → Herb & supplement monographOrnithine
Ornithine is a non-essential amino acid your body makes naturally as part of the urea cycle, which helps remove ammonia. It is sold as a supplement for fatigue, exercise recovery, and sleep,...
Read the full Ornithine monograph → Herb & supplement monographBromelain
Interacts with 141 drugsBromelain is a group of protein-digesting enzymes from pineapple that people take mainly for inflammation, swelling, and sinus problems. Some early studies are promising, but the overall evi...
Read the full Bromelain monograph → Herb & supplement monographBee Pollen
Interacts with 2 drugsBee pollen is a nutrient-rich product collected by bees and marketed as a 'superfood' for energy and immune support, but solid human evidence for most of these claims is lacking. It can caus...
Read the full Bee Pollen monograph → Herb & supplement monographNoni
Interacts with 542 drugsNoni is a tropical fruit used widely in folk medicine and sold mostly as a juice or supplement, but solid human evidence for its many claimed benefits is limited. While moderate juice intake...
Read the full Noni monograph → Herb & supplement monographLipase
Lipase is a digestive enzyme that helps your body break down dietary fats. It is well established as part of prescription pancreatic enzyme therapy for people who cannot make enough of their...
Read the full Lipase monograph → Herb & supplement monographLysine
Interacts with 1 drugLysine is an essential amino acid your body cannot make on its own, so it must come from food or supplements. People most often take extra lysine to try to prevent or shorten cold sores, but...
Read the full Lysine monograph → Herb & supplement monographSerine
Serine is an amino acid your body can make on its own and also gets from protein-rich foods, so most people do not need a supplement. L-serine has been studied for certain neurological condi...
Read the full Serine monograph → Herb & supplement monographVitamin B12
Interacts with 20 drugsVitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential nutrient your body needs to make red blood cells, keep nerves healthy, and support DNA. Supplements are very helpful for people who are deficient — su...
Read the full Vitamin B12 monograph → Herb & supplement monographLactase
Lactase is a digestive enzyme supplement that helps people who lack enough natural lactase break down lactose, the sugar in milk and dairy. It can reduce gas, bloating, cramping, and diarrhe...
Read the full Lactase monograph → Herb & supplement monographFructo-oligosaccharides (fos)
Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are a type of soluble fiber that acts as a prebiotic, meaning they feed the helpful bacteria in your gut. They are generally considered safe for most people in...
Read the full Fructo-oligosaccharides (fos) monograph → Herb & supplement monographTaurine
Interacts with 173 drugsTaurine is an amino acid your body makes naturally and that you also get from animal foods. It is widely used in energy drinks and sports supplements, and short-term use appears generally sa...
Read the full Taurine monograph → Herb & supplement monographGlucosamine
Interacts with 170 drugsGlucosamine is a natural compound found in cartilage and joint fluid, and it is one of the most popular supplements for osteoarthritis, especially of the knee. The evidence is mixed, with so...
Read the full Glucosamine monograph → Herb & supplement monographBurdock
Interacts with 122 drugsBurdock is a traditional herb most often used for skin problems and as a so-called 'blood purifier,' but high-quality human studies are lacking and most claims are not well proven. It is wid...
Read the full Burdock monograph → Herb & supplement monographLicorice
Interacts with 1,040 drugsLicorice root is a traditional remedy used for sore throats, coughs, and digestive complaints, but solid human evidence is limited for most uses. Regular licorice contains glycyrrhizin, whic...
Read the full Licorice monograph → Herb & supplement monographDandelion
Interacts with 457 drugsDandelion is a common plant used in food and traditional medicine, often promoted as a natural 'water pill' and digestive aid. Human evidence for these uses is very limited, so its benefits...
Read the full Dandelion monograph → Herb & supplement monographYellow Dock
Interacts with 78 drugsYellow dock is a traditional herb used mostly as a mild laxative and a digestive and skin tonic. Good-quality human studies are lacking, so its benefits are largely unproven, and its natural...
Read the full Yellow Dock monograph → Herb & supplement monographGlucomannan
Interacts with 2,022 drugsGlucomannan is a soluble fiber from the konjac root that swells into a gel in your stomach, which may help with mild weight loss, constipation, and modestly lowering cholesterol. It is gener...
Read the full Glucomannan monograph → Herb & supplement monographGinger
Interacts with 1,007 drugsGinger is a widely used culinary spice with a long history in traditional medicine, and it has the strongest evidence for helping with nausea and vomiting, including from motion sickness, pr...
Read the full Ginger monograph → Herb & supplement monographRhubarb
Interacts with 658 drugsRhubarb root has a long history of use as a laxative and in traditional Chinese medicine, and its edible stalks are a common food. Most medicinal claims are backed by limited or low-quality...
Read the full Rhubarb monograph → Herb & supplement monographAshwagandha
Interacts with 1,372 drugsAshwagandha is an Ayurvedic herb most often taken to help with stress, anxiety, and sleep, and some small studies suggest it may help, though the evidence is still limited. It is generally w...
Read the full Ashwagandha monograph → Herb & supplement monographApple
Interacts with 300 drugsApples are a nutritious whole food that provides fiber, vitamins, and antioxidant plant compounds, and eating them regularly fits well into a healthy diet. While research suggests apples may...
Read the full Apple monograph → Herb & supplement monographBlueberry
Interacts with 88 drugsBlueberries are a nutritious fruit rich in antioxidants called anthocyanins, and eating them as part of a balanced diet is healthy and safe for most people. Concentrated supplements are mark...
Read the full Blueberry monograph → Herb & supplement monographLime
Interacts with 886 drugsLime is a common citrus fruit and a good natural source of vitamin C and plant antioxidants. As a food it is generally safe and enjoyed by most people, but evidence that lime treats any spec...
Read the full Lime monograph → Herb & supplement monographGrape
Interacts with 910 drugsGrapes and grape products like grape seed extract contain antioxidant compounds such as resveratrol and proanthocyanidins that may support heart and blood vessel health. While the food is he...
Read the full Grape monograph → Herb & supplement monographL-cysteine
Interacts with 86 drugsL-cysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid your body uses to make proteins and the antioxidant glutathione. Most people get enough from food, and supplements are usually well tolerated, bu...
Read the full L-cysteine monograph → Herb & supplement monographTurmeric
Interacts with 1,133 drugsTurmeric is a popular spice whose main active compounds, curcuminoids, are studied mostly for inflammation and joint pain. Some research is promising, but quality is mixed and curcumin is po...
Read the full Turmeric monograph → Herb & supplement monographKale
Kale is a nutrient-dense leafy green vegetable that is rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. Eaten as a normal food it is very healthy for most people, but it is a whole food...
Read the full Kale monograph → Herb & supplement monographParsley
Interacts with 443 drugsParsley is a popular culinary herb that is safe to eat in normal food amounts and is a good source of vitamins K and C. It is traditionally used as a diuretic and for digestion, but solid hu...
Read the full Parsley monograph → Herb & supplement monographMolybdenum
Molybdenum is an essential trace mineral your body needs in tiny amounts to help certain enzymes work. Most people get enough from a normal diet, so supplements are rarely needed unless a do...
Read the full Molybdenum monograph → Herb & supplement monographFenugreek
Interacts with 389 drugsFenugreek is a common kitchen spice that is also taken as a supplement, mainly for blood sugar, cholesterol, and to support breast milk production. Some early research is encouraging for blo...
Read the full Fenugreek monograph → Herb & supplement monographFennel
Interacts with 740 drugsFennel is a Mediterranean herb widely used as a food and spice, and traditionally taken for digestive complaints, colic, and menstrual cramps. Some small studies suggest possible benefit for...
Read the full Fennel monograph → Herb & supplement monographPumpkin
Interacts with 1 drugPumpkin is a nutritious squash, and its seeds and seed oil are the parts most often used as supplements, mainly for urinary and prostate symptoms. The evidence for these uses is limited and...
Read the full Pumpkin monograph → Herb & supplement monographAcai
Interacts with 86 drugsAcai is a nutritious Amazonian berry rich in antioxidants and healthy fats, and it is fine to enjoy as a food. However, strong human evidence is lacking for the bold health claims often atta...
Read the full Acai monograph → Herb & supplement monographCoenzyme Q10
Interacts with 198 drugsCoQ10 is a vitamin-like substance your body makes naturally that helps cells produce energy and acts as an antioxidant. It is generally well tolerated and is most studied for heart condition...
Read the full Coenzyme Q10 monograph → Herb & supplement monographPanax Ginseng
Interacts with 1,130 drugsPanax ginseng is a popular traditional herb used to boost energy, ease stress, and support overall wellness, though scientific evidence is mixed and mostly preliminary. It is generally well...
Read the full Panax Ginseng monograph → Herb & supplement monographBeet
Interacts with 861 drugsBeet, especially beetroot juice, is a nitrate-rich food that may modestly lower blood pressure and slightly improve exercise performance in some people. It is generally safe as a food, but s...
Read the full Beet monograph → Herb & supplement monographAlfalfa
Interacts with 583 drugsAlfalfa is a nutrient-rich legume that people use for high cholesterol, menopause symptoms, and general wellness, but solid human evidence for most of these uses is limited. It is best avoid...
Read the full Alfalfa monograph → Herb & supplement monographWild Yam
Interacts with 41 drugsWild yam is a root traditionally used for menopausal symptoms, cramps, and as a so-called 'natural' hormone supplement, but solid human evidence for these uses is lacking. Despite popular cl...
Read the full Wild Yam monograph → Herb & supplement monographBlackberry
Blackberry is a common edible berry that is safe and nutritious as a food, rich in vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidant plant compounds. The leaves and root have a long history of traditional u...
Read the full Blackberry monograph → Herb & supplement monographCranberry
Interacts with 712 drugsCranberry is best known for helping to prevent repeated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in some people, and the evidence here is moderate but mixed. It is not a reliable treatment for an act...
Read the full Cranberry monograph → Herb & supplement monographPomegranate
Interacts with 922 drugsPomegranate is a nutrient-rich fruit that is high in antioxidants and is widely enjoyed as food and juice. Early research suggests it may support heart health and blood pressure, but the evi...
Read the full Pomegranate monograph → Herb & supplement monographDong Quai
Interacts with 163 drugsDong Quai is a traditional Chinese herb often called "female ginseng" and is mostly used for menstrual and menopausal complaints. High-quality scientific evidence that it works for these use...
Read the full Dong Quai monograph → Herb & supplement monographClove
Interacts with 977 drugsClove is a common cooking spice that is also used in traditional medicine, especially as a topical numbing agent for tooth pain thanks to its main compound, eugenol. Food amounts are general...
Read the full Clove monograph → Herb & supplement monographRed Raspberry
Interacts with 135 drugsRed raspberry leaf is a traditional herbal remedy most often used as a tea in late pregnancy and for menstrual discomfort, but solid scientific evidence for these uses is limited. It is gene...
Read the full Red Raspberry monograph → Herb & supplement monographElderberry
Interacts with 121 drugsElderberry is a popular herbal supplement, mainly taken to help with colds and flu. Some small studies suggest it may modestly shorten cold or flu symptoms, but the evidence is limited and n...
Read the full Elderberry monograph → Herb & supplement monographPygeum
Pygeum is an extract from the bark of the African cherry tree that is most often used to ease urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate. Some studies suggest modest benefit for these s...
Read the full Pygeum monograph → Herb & supplement monographMangosteen
Interacts with 125 drugsMangosteen is a tropical fruit whose rind is rich in plant compounds called xanthones that act as antioxidants. While it is popular in juices and supplements for inflammation, immune support...
Read the full Mangosteen monograph → Herb & supplement monographPlum
Interacts with 122 drugsPlums and their dried form (prunes) are common, nutritious foods that are best known for helping relieve constipation thanks to their fiber and sorbitol content. They are generally safe as f...
Read the full Plum monograph → Herb & supplement monographNiacin
Interacts with 727 drugsNiacin (vitamin B3) is an essential nutrient your body needs for energy and metabolism, and deficiency is uncommon in most developed countries. Prescription-strength niacin has been used to...
Read the full Niacin monograph → Herb & supplement monographN-acetyl Cysteine (nac)
Interacts with 294 drugsN-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a supplement form of the amino acid cysteine and a building block for the antioxidant glutathione. It has well-established prescription uses for acetaminophen over...
Read the full N-acetyl Cysteine (nac) monograph → Herb & supplement monographHoly Basil
Interacts with 212 drugsHoly basil (tulsi) is a traditional Ayurvedic herb most often used today for stress and general wellness, but the human evidence is mostly small and preliminary. It is generally well tolerat...
Read the full Holy Basil monograph → Herb & supplement monographEleuthero
Interacts with 1,140 drugsEleuthero is an herb traditionally used as an 'adaptogen' to fight fatigue, boost energy, and help the body handle stress. The scientific evidence behind these uses is limited and mixed, so...
Read the full Eleuthero monograph → Herb & supplement monographThyme
Interacts with 379 drugsThyme is a common kitchen herb that has long been used for coughs, sore throats, and digestive complaints. It is generally safe in the amounts found in food, and some cough products that com...
Read the full Thyme monograph → Herb & supplement monographSchisandra
Interacts with 803 drugsSchisandra is a traditional Chinese medicine berry used as an adaptogen for stress, fatigue, and liver support. Human evidence is limited and most claims are not well proven, but it appears...
Read the full Schisandra monograph → Herb & supplement monographAstragalus
Interacts with 208 drugsAstragalus is a root used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine, mainly to support the immune system and help the body cope with stress. While early studies are interesting, strong h...
Read the full Astragalus monograph → Herb & supplement monographTomato
Tomato is a common food rich in vitamins, potassium, and the antioxidant lycopene, and eating it as part of a balanced diet is healthy for most people. Concentrated tomato or lycopene supple...
Read the full Tomato monograph → Herb & supplement monographGinkgo
Interacts with 1,266 drugsGinkgo is one of the world's most popular herbal supplements, mostly taken to support memory and circulation. The evidence for these uses is mixed and generally weak, and it is not proven to...
Read the full Ginkgo monograph → Herb & supplement monographMilk Thistle
Interacts with 954 drugsMilk thistle is a popular herbal supplement most often used for liver health, and its main active component is a group of compounds called silymarin. While it is generally well tolerated, th...
Read the full Milk Thistle monograph → Herb & supplement monographApricot
Apricot is a nutritious fruit that provides fiber, potassium, and vitamins A and C, and it is safe and healthy to eat as part of a normal diet. There is little strong evidence that apricot f...
Read the full Apricot monograph → Herb & supplement monographPear
Pear is a common, nutritious fruit that provides fiber, water, vitamin C, and antioxidants, and it is a healthy part of most diets. Beyond its value as a food, evidence for pears as a medici...
Read the full Pear monograph → Herb & supplement monographCelery
Interacts with 651 drugsCelery is a common vegetable that is also taken as a seed extract or oil supplement, mainly for blood pressure, fluid retention, and joint discomfort. Human evidence for these supplement use...
Read the full Celery monograph → Herb & supplement monographLemon
Interacts with 1 drugLemon is a common citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C and citric acid, and it is widely used in food, drinks, and home remedies. While it can support hydration and a healthy diet...
Read the full Lemon monograph → Herb & supplement monographFulvic Acid
Interacts with 257 drugsFulvic acid is a natural compound formed when plants and microbes break down in soil, and it is sold as a supplement for energy, gut, and overall wellness. Human research is very limited, so...
Read the full Fulvic Acid monograph → Herb & supplement monographPhellodendron
Interacts with 1,160 drugsPhellodendron is a traditional Chinese medicine bark (Huang Bai) that contains berberine and other plant compounds with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity in lab studies. Human evi...
Read the full Phellodendron monograph → Herb & supplement monographMarshmallow
Interacts with 2,040 drugsMarshmallow root is a traditional herb rich in soothing, gel-like fibers called mucilage, which is why it has long been used for coughs, sore throats, and stomach irritation. Evidence for th...
Read the full Marshmallow monograph → Herb & supplement monographGoji
Interacts with 1,000 drugsGoji berries are a nutritious fruit rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and plant polysaccharides, and they are safe for most people as a food. While they are popular for eye health, immune supp...
Read the full Goji monograph → Herb & supplement monographFlaxseed
Interacts with 597 drugsFlaxseed is a nutritious food rich in fiber, omega-3 fats (ALA), and plant compounds called lignans. It is most reliably helpful for constipation and may modestly lower cholesterol, but evid...
Read the full Flaxseed monograph → Herb & supplement monographPapaya
Interacts with 92 drugsPapaya is a tropical fruit that is nutritious and generally safe to eat as food, and it contains an enzyme called papain used as a digestive aid and meat tenderizer. Papaya leaf extract is b...
Read the full Papaya monograph → Herb & supplement monographSweet Orange
Interacts with 246 drugsSweet orange is a common citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants, and is enjoyed as a food worldwide. Its peel and essential oil are used in aromatherapy and...
Read the full Sweet Orange monograph → Herb & supplement monographKudzu
Interacts with 584 drugsKudzu is a fast-growing vine whose root has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine and is now studied mostly for reducing alcohol intake. Early research is promising for cutting back...
Read the full Kudzu monograph → Herb & supplement monographCoriander
Interacts with 717 drugsCoriander (also called cilantro) is a common cooking herb and spice that has long been used in traditional medicine for digestive complaints. As a food it is generally safe for most people,...
Read the full Coriander monograph → Herb & supplement monographVitamin K
Interacts with 2 drugsVitamin K is an essential nutrient your body needs for normal blood clotting and to support healthy bones. Most people get enough from food, but supplements are sometimes used for deficiency...
Read the full Vitamin K monograph → Herb & supplement monographBanana
Interacts with 5 drugsBananas are a nutritious, widely eaten fruit that provide potassium, fiber, vitamin B6, and quick energy, and they are part of a healthy diet. While some traditional uses (like easing diarrh...
Read the full Banana monograph → Herb & supplement monographPropolis
Interacts with 921 drugsPropolis is a natural, resin-like substance made by bees that has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties in lab studies. Early research suggests it may help with cold sores, mouth so...
Read the full Propolis monograph → Herb & supplement monographTangerine
Interacts with 643 drugsTangerine is a sweet citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C and other nutrients, and is widely enjoyed as food. While the peel and essential oil are used in traditional medicine and...
Read the full Tangerine monograph → Herb & supplement monographGamma-oryzanol
Gamma-oryzanol is a mix of plant compounds taken from rice bran oil, used mainly for cholesterol, menopause symptoms, and as a sports supplement. The evidence is limited and mostly comes fro...
Read the full Gamma-oryzanol monograph → Herb & supplement monographBrussels Sprout
Interacts with 241 drugsBrussels sprouts are a nutritious cruciferous vegetable rich in fiber, vitamin C, vitamin K, and plant compounds called glucosinolates. Eating them as part of a balanced diet is healthy and...
Read the full Brussels Sprout monograph → Herb & supplement monographWild Cherry
Interacts with 643 drugsWild cherry bark is a traditional cough remedy found in many old-fashioned cough syrups and lozenges, but there is little modern scientific evidence proving it works. The bark, leaves, and s...
Read the full Wild Cherry monograph → Herb & supplement monographIron
Interacts with 80 drugsIron is an essential mineral your body needs to make hemoglobin and carry oxygen in the blood. Supplements are mainly useful for treating or preventing iron deficiency and iron-deficiency an...
Read the full Iron monograph → Herb & supplement monographGamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba)
Interacts with 419 drugsGABA is a calming chemical messenger (neurotransmitter) that your body makes on its own, and it is sold as a supplement for stress, anxiety, and sleep. The science behind oral GABA supplemen...
Read the full Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba) monograph → Herb & supplement monographSelenium
Interacts with 321 drugsSelenium is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for thyroid function, antioxidant defense, and immune health. Most people who eat a varied diet get enough, and supple...
Read the full Selenium monograph → Herb & supplement monographBilberry
Interacts with 275 drugsBilberry is a blueberry-like fruit rich in antioxidant plant compounds called anthocyanins, and it has a long history of traditional use for eye health, circulation, and mild diarrhea. While...
Read the full Bilberry monograph → Herb & supplement monographKiwi
Interacts with 289 drugsKiwi is a nutritious fruit that is rich in vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants, and it is generally safe to eat as a food. The strongest evidence is for helping with constipation and overall...
Read the full Kiwi monograph → Herb & supplement monographCabbage
Interacts with 325 drugsCabbage is a nutritious, low-calorie vegetable that is safe to eat as food and is sometimes applied to the skin as a leaf wrap for breast engorgement or sore joints. Most medicinal claims ar...
Read the full Cabbage monograph → Herb & supplement monographEchinacea
Interacts with 816 drugsEchinacea is a popular herb taken to help prevent or shorten the common cold, but study results are mixed and the overall benefit appears small at best. It is generally well tolerated for sh...
Read the full Echinacea monograph → Herb & supplement monographGrapefruit
Interacts with 990 drugsGrapefruit is a nutritious citrus fruit rich in vitamin C and other nutrients, and it is generally safe to eat. However, grapefruit is famous for serious interactions with many prescription...
Read the full Grapefruit monograph → Herb & supplement monographBlack Seed
Interacts with 912 drugsBlack seed (Nigella sativa) is a traditional spice and remedy that has been studied for asthma, blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure, with early research showing some promise but no...
Read the full Black Seed monograph → Herb & supplement monographOregano
Interacts with 208 drugsOregano is a common Mediterranean cooking herb that is also sold as a concentrated oil or supplement, often standardized for a compound called carvacrol. While lab studies suggest it may hav...
Read the full Oregano monograph → Herb & supplement monographSesame
Interacts with 528 drugsSesame is a nutritious seed and oil widely used in cooking and traditional medicine, and it provides healthy fats, fiber, and antioxidant compounds called lignans. Some early research sugges...
Read the full Sesame monograph → Herb & supplement monographHawthorn
Interacts with 191 drugsHawthorn is a plant traditionally used for heart-related complaints, and some studies suggest it may modestly help symptoms of mild heart failure when added to standard care. However, the ev...
Read the full Hawthorn monograph → Herb & supplement monographOlive
Olive comes from the same tree that gives us olives and olive oil, and its leaf and fruit contain antioxidant compounds like oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol. Olive oil as part of a Mediterrane...
Read the full Olive monograph → Herb & supplement monographAloe
Interacts with 461 drugsAloe vera gel is widely used on the skin for minor burns and irritation, and some research suggests it may help. Aloe latex (the yellow part) is a strong laxative that can cause cramping and...
Read the full Aloe monograph → Herb & supplement monographCat's Claw
Interacts with 962 drugsCat's claw is a South American vine traditionally used for inflammation, joint pain, and immune support. Some small studies hint it may help with arthritis symptoms, but the overall evidence...
Read the full Cat's Claw monograph → Herb & supplement monographInulin
Interacts with 86 drugsInulin is a type of plant fiber (a prebiotic) found naturally in foods like chicory root, onions, and garlic, and it is widely added to supplements and processed foods. It may help with regu...
Read the full Inulin monograph → Herb & supplement monographQuinoa
Quinoa is a nutritious, gluten-free seed eaten like a grain, rich in protein, fiber, and minerals. It is best thought of as a healthy food rather than a medicine, and most people can enjoy i...
Read the full Quinoa monograph → Herb & supplement monographCauliflower
Interacts with 186 drugsCauliflower is a nutritious cruciferous vegetable that provides vitamin C, fiber, and plant compounds called glucosinolates. As a food it is healthy and safe for most people, but there is no...
Read the full Cauliflower monograph → Herb & supplement monographSour Cherry
Sour cherry (often sold as tart cherry or Montmorency cherry) is a fruit-based supplement rich in antioxidants that people use for muscle recovery, joint and gout symptoms, and sleep. Early...
Read the full Sour Cherry monograph → Herb & supplement monographSlippery Elm
Interacts with 2,022 drugsSlippery elm is a traditional herbal remedy made from the inner bark of a North American elm tree, used mainly to soothe sore throats and irritated digestive tracts. Its mucilage can coat an...
Read the full Slippery Elm monograph → Herb & supplement monographChromium
Interacts with 178 drugsChromium is an essential trace mineral involved in how the body handles sugar and fat. Some studies suggest it may modestly help blood sugar control in certain people with type 2 diabetes, b...
Read the full Chromium monograph → Herb & supplement monographPeppermint
Interacts with 796 drugsPeppermint is a popular herb with the best evidence supporting enteric-coated peppermint oil for easing IBS symptoms. It is generally well tolerated for most adults, but it can cause heartbu...
Read the full Peppermint monograph → Herb & supplement monographStinging Nettle
Interacts with 164 drugsStinging nettle is a common plant used as food and in traditional medicine, most often for prostate symptoms, allergies, and joint pain. The evidence is mixed and mostly preliminary, so it i...
Read the full Stinging Nettle monograph → Herb & supplement monographRoyal Jelly
Interacts with 174 drugsRoyal jelly is a nutrient-rich substance made by worker bees to feed the queen bee. People take it for menopause symptoms, energy, skin, and immune support, but solid human evidence is limit...
Read the full Royal Jelly monograph → Herb & supplement monographPeony
Interacts with 811 drugsPeony root is a traditional Chinese medicine herb often used for menstrual problems, cramps, and inflammation, frequently as part of combination formulas. Human evidence for most uses is lim...
Read the full Peony monograph → Herb & supplement monographAmbrette
Interacts with 86 drugsAmbrette (Abelmoschus moschatus) is a fragrant plant best known for its musky seed oil used in perfumes and food flavoring. It has a long history in traditional medicine for digestion, breat...
Read the full Ambrette monograph → Herb & supplement monographChicory
Interacts with 86 drugsChicory is best known as a caffeine-free coffee substitute and as a source of inulin, a soluble prebiotic fiber that may support digestion and regularity. Strong human evidence for most othe...
Read the full Chicory monograph → Herb & supplement monographGarcinia
Interacts with 704 drugsGarcinia is a tropical fruit whose rind contains hydroxycitric acid (HCA), widely marketed for weight loss and appetite control. The scientific evidence is weak and mixed, with most studies...
Read the full Garcinia monograph → Herb & supplement monographCassia Cinnamon
Interacts with 442 drugsCassia cinnamon is the common, inexpensive cinnamon used in cooking, and it is also taken as a supplement, most often for blood sugar support. The evidence for its health benefits is mixed a...
Read the full Cassia Cinnamon monograph → Herb & supplement monographSame
Interacts with 189 drugsSAM-e is a compound your body makes naturally that is sold as a supplement, most often for depression and osteoarthritis. Some research suggests it may help with these conditions, but the qu...
Read the full Same monograph → Herb & supplement monographAlpha-lipoic Acid
Interacts with 263 drugsAlpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is an antioxidant made naturally by the body and found in small amounts in foods. It is most studied for diabetic nerve pain, where some evidence suggests it may help...
Read the full Alpha-lipoic Acid monograph → Herb & supplement monographPau D'arco
Interacts with 122 drugsPau d'arco is a South American tree bark traditionally used for infections and inflammation, and it contains compounds like lapachol that show activity in lab studies. However, strong human...
Read the full Pau D'arco monograph → Herb & supplement monographVitamin A
Interacts with 387 drugsVitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplements are mainly useful for correcting a tr...
Read the full Vitamin A monograph → Herb & supplement monographVitamin E
Interacts with 764 drugsVitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that most people get in adequate amounts from a normal diet. Supplements can help correct a true deficiency, but high-dose vitam...
Read the full Vitamin E monograph → Herb & supplement monographThiamine
Interacts with 3 drugsThiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential nutrient your body needs to turn food into energy and to keep your nerves and heart healthy. Most people get enough from food, but supplements are clear...
Read the full Thiamine monograph → Herb & supplement monographVitamin B6
Interacts with 210 drugsVitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that your body needs for metabolism, brain function, and making red blood cells. It is best known for helping with pregnancy-rel...
Read the full Vitamin B6 monograph → Herb & supplement monographCalcium
Interacts with 168 drugsCalcium is an essential mineral your body needs for strong bones, nerve signaling, and muscle function, and supplements can help fill gaps when diet falls short. Most people do best getting...
Read the full Calcium monograph → Herb & supplement monographIodine
Interacts with 7 drugsIodine is an essential mineral your body needs to make thyroid hormones, and most people get enough from iodized salt, dairy, and seafood. Supplements help when you are truly deficient, but...
Read the full Iodine monograph → Herb & supplement monographMagnesium
Interacts with 295 drugsMagnesium is an essential mineral your body needs for muscles, nerves, blood pressure, and many other functions, and supplements are useful for preventing or correcting deficiency. Some othe...
Read the full Magnesium monograph → Herb & supplement monographZinc
Interacts with 67 drugsZinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but supplements can help correct or prevent a defici...
Read the full Zinc monograph → Herb & supplement monographManganese
Interacts with 83 drugsManganese is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for bone formation, metabolism, and antioxidant defense, and most people get enough from a normal diet. Supplements m...
Read the full Manganese monograph → Herb & supplement monographPotassium
Interacts with 62 drugsPotassium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve signals, muscle function, and a steady heartbeat, and most people get enough from a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables. P...
Read the full Potassium monograph → Herb & supplement monographOmega-6 Fatty Acids
Omega-6 fatty acids are essential fats your body needs but cannot make on its own, and most people get plenty from everyday foods like vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds. Supplements such as ev...
Read the full Omega-6 Fatty Acids monograph → Herb & supplement monographLarch Arabinogalactan
Interacts with 121 drugsLarch arabinogalactan is a soluble fiber from larch trees that is mainly used as a prebiotic and for immune support. Early research is interesting but limited, and most claims are not yet fi...
Read the full Larch Arabinogalactan monograph → Herb & supplement monographQuercetin
Interacts with 1,169 drugsQuercetin is a plant flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties found in many common foods and sold as a supplement. While early research is interesting for allergies, blood...
Read the full Quercetin monograph → Herb & supplement monographAmerican Ginseng
Interacts with 217 drugsAmerican ginseng is an herbal root used as an 'adaptogen' to support energy, stress, immune function, and blood sugar. Some uses—such as reducing the chance or length of colds and modestly l...
Read the full American Ginseng monograph → Herb & supplement monographInositol
Interacts with 86 drugsInositol is a sugar alcohol made naturally in the body and found in many foods, and it is sold as a supplement (often myo-inositol) mainly for PCOS, mood, and metabolic concerns. The stronge...
Read the full Inositol monograph → Herb & supplement monographPalm Oil
Interacts with 122 drugsPalm oil is a widely used edible oil pressed from the fruit of the oil palm tree, and red palm oil is a notable source of vitamin A and vitamin E compounds called tocotrienols. As a food it...
Read the full Palm Oil monograph → Herb & supplement monographVitex Agnus-castus
Interacts with 121 drugsVitex (chasteberry) is an herbal remedy most often used for PMS and menstrual cycle problems, and the strongest evidence is for easing some PMS symptoms. It is generally well tolerated by ma...
Read the full Vitex Agnus-castus monograph → Herb & supplement monographHorny Goat Weed
Interacts with 963 drugsHorny goat weed (Epimedium) is a traditional Chinese herb most often marketed for low libido and erectile problems, but solid human evidence for these uses is lacking. While short-term use s...
Read the full Horny Goat Weed monograph → Herb & supplement monographSweet Annie
Interacts with 889 drugsSweet Annie (Artemisia annua) is the source of artemisinin, a compound used in prescription antimalarial drugs. While the purified drug is well studied for malaria, the herb itself as a supp...
Read the full Sweet Annie monograph → Herb & supplement monographWhite Horehound
Interacts with 258 drugsWhite horehound is a traditional bitter herb used mainly for coughs, sore throats, and mild digestive complaints, and it is a common flavoring in old-fashioned cough drops. Solid human evide...
Read the full White Horehound monograph → Herb & supplement monographBarley
Interacts with 1 drugBarley is a nutritious whole grain that is a good source of soluble fiber called beta-glucan, which has solid evidence for modestly lowering LDL ('bad') cholesterol when eaten regularly. It...
Read the full Barley monograph → Herb & supplement monographSorrel
Interacts with 169 drugsSorrel is a tangy, leafy herb used in cooking and traditional medicine, often for congestion, digestion, and inflammation. Solid human evidence for any health benefit is limited, and its hig...
Read the full Sorrel monograph → Herb & supplement monographLemon Balm
Interacts with 264 drugsLemon balm is a gentle, lemon-scented mint-family herb traditionally used to ease stress, support sleep, and calm digestion, and topically for cold sores. Early studies are promising but gen...
Read the full Lemon Balm monograph → Herb & supplement monographHoneysuckle
Interacts with 122 drugsHoneysuckle, especially Japanese honeysuckle flower (Lonicera japonica), is a staple of traditional Chinese medicine used mainly for colds, sore throat, and inflammation. Modern human eviden...
Read the full Honeysuckle monograph → Herb & supplement monographOats
Interacts with 86 drugsOats are a well-studied whole grain whose soluble fiber (beta-glucan) can help lower cholesterol and support heart health when eaten regularly. As a food, oats are safe for most people, and...
Read the full Oats monograph → Herb & supplement monographChlorella
Interacts with 337 drugsChlorella is a nutrient-rich freshwater green algae taken as a supplement for general wellness, immune support, and 'detox.' Some small studies suggest possible benefits for cholesterol, blo...
Read the full Chlorella monograph → Herb & supplement monographBeta-glucans
Interacts with 293 drugsBeta-glucans are natural fibers found in oats, barley, mushrooms, and yeast. The strongest evidence supports the oat and barley types for modestly lowering cholesterol and blood sugar, while...
Read the full Beta-glucans monograph → Herb & supplement monographDulse
Interacts with 85 drugsDulse is a red seaweed eaten as a food in many coastal cultures and is a natural source of iodine, potassium, protein, and antioxidant compounds. As a food it is generally considered safe fo...
Read the full Dulse monograph → Herb & supplement monographSaw Palmetto
Interacts with 174 drugsSaw palmetto is a plant extract most often used for urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate (BPH). The best research suggests it works no better than a placebo for most men, though i...
Read the full Saw Palmetto monograph → Herb & supplement monographFeverfew
Interacts with 929 drugsFeverfew is a daisy-family herb best known for migraine prevention, where some studies suggest it may modestly lower how often migraines occur, though the evidence is mixed. It is generally...
Read the full Feverfew monograph → Herb & supplement monographBuchu
Interacts with 481 drugsBuchu is a fragrant South African shrub whose leaves are traditionally used for urinary and bladder complaints and as a diuretic. Solid human studies are lacking, so its benefits are largely...
Read the full Buchu monograph → Herb & supplement monographSuma
Suma is a South American root often marketed as a 'Brazilian ginseng' and used as an adaptogen for energy, stamina, and stress. Human evidence is very limited, and most claims come from trad...
Read the full Suma monograph → Herb & supplement monographGotu Kola
Interacts with 579 drugsGotu kola is a traditional Ayurvedic and Asian herb that people use for wound healing, circulation, skin problems, and as a calming or memory-supporting herb. Some early studies suggest poss...
Read the full Gotu Kola monograph → Herb & supplement monographCalendula
Interacts with 248 drugsCalendula is a flowering plant whose petals are used mainly in skin creams, oils, and ointments to soothe minor irritation and support wound healing. Some early research is promising for ski...
Read the full Calendula monograph → Herb & supplement monographRutin
Interacts with 86 drugsRutin is a plant flavonoid (often taken from buckwheat or citrus) that people use mainly for blood vessel and circulation problems like varicose veins and hemorrhoids. The evidence is limite...
Read the full Rutin monograph → Herb & supplement monographBlue-green Algae
Interacts with 327 drugsBlue-green algae are nutrient-rich aquatic microorganisms (such as spirulina and Klamath Lake algae) taken as a supplement for energy, nutrition, and general wellness. Evidence for most heal...
Read the full Blue-green Algae monograph → Herb & supplement monographSt. John's Wort
Interacts with 1,143 drugsSt. John's wort is a well-studied herb most often used for mild to moderate depression, and some research suggests it may help with this. However, it has many serious interactions with presc...
Read the full St. John's Wort monograph → Herb & supplement monographUva Ursi
Interacts with 803 drugsUva ursi is a traditional herb used mainly for urinary tract infections, and its leaves contain a compound called arbutin that may have antimicrobial effects in the urine. Evidence in people...
Read the full Uva Ursi monograph → Herb & supplement monographPassion Flower
Interacts with 836 drugsPassion flower is a traditional calming herb that many people use for anxiety and sleep. Early studies hint it may help with mild anxiety and restlessness, but the evidence is limited and mo...
Read the full Passion Flower monograph → Herb & supplement monographAsparagus
Interacts with 76 drugsAsparagus is a nutritious vegetable that is safe and healthy to eat as part of a normal diet. Most of its claimed medicinal benefits, such as use as a diuretic or for urinary health, come fr...
Read the full Asparagus monograph → Herb & supplement monographBroccoli
Interacts with 187 drugsBroccoli is a nutritious cruciferous vegetable rich in fiber, vitamins, and plant compounds like sulforaphane that have drawn scientific interest for health benefits. Eating broccoli as food...
Read the full Broccoli monograph → Herb & supplement monographCarrot
Carrot is a common food vegetable that is a rich source of beta-carotene (which the body turns into vitamin A) and other nutrients. Eating carrots is safe and nutritious for most people, but...
Read the full Carrot monograph → Herb & supplement monographCapsicum
Interacts with 239 drugsCapsicum (chili pepper) contains capsaicin, which is best known and best studied as a topical treatment for certain types of pain. Topical capsaicin products are supported by reasonable evid...
Read the full Capsicum monograph → Herb & supplement monographParsnip
Parsnip is mainly a nutritious root vegetable that is safe and healthy as part of a normal diet. Its use as a concentrated supplement or herbal remedy is not well studied, and certain parts...
Read the full Parsnip monograph → Herb & supplement monographSpinach
Interacts with 88 drugsSpinach is a nutrient-dense leafy green that is a healthy part of a balanced diet, providing vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. While it is very safe as a food, concentrated supple...
Read the full Spinach monograph → Herb & supplement monographAmaranth
Amaranth is a nutritious plant whose seeds are used as a gluten-free pseudocereal and whose leaves are eaten as a vegetable. It is generally considered safe as a food, but evidence for its m...
Read the full Amaranth monograph → Herb & supplement monographPectin
Interacts with 23 drugsPectin is a natural soluble fiber found in fruits like apples and citrus, and it is widely used in foods and as a fiber supplement. It may modestly help with cholesterol, blood sugar, and di...
Read the full Pectin monograph → Herb & supplement monographRice Bran
Rice bran is the nutrient-rich outer layer of the rice grain and is a good source of fiber, healthy fats, and plant compounds. It is most studied for helping lower cholesterol, but for most...
Read the full Rice Bran monograph → Herb & supplement monographAcerola
Interacts with 128 drugsAcerola is a small tropical fruit prized for its very high natural vitamin C content, and it is mostly used as a food-based source of vitamin C and antioxidants. While vitamin C itself has w...
Read the full Acerola monograph → Herb & supplement monographBasil
Interacts with 289 drugsBasil is a popular cooking herb that is generally safe in the amounts used in food. While it has a long history of traditional medicinal use and contains antioxidant compounds, strong human...
Read the full Basil monograph → Herb & supplement monographBay Leaf
Interacts with 335 drugsBay leaf is a common culinary herb that is safe in the small amounts used in cooking. Some people take it for digestion, blood sugar, or colds, but strong human evidence for these uses is la...
Read the full Bay Leaf monograph → Herb & supplement monographBergamot
Interacts with 410 drugsBergamot is a Mediterranean citrus fruit, and its standardized extract is most often used to support cholesterol and heart health, with some early but promising research. The essential oil i...
Read the full Bergamot monograph → Herb & supplement monographGerman Chamomile
Interacts with 960 drugsGerman chamomile is a widely used herbal remedy taken mainly as a tea for calming, sleep, and digestive complaints. Early research suggests possible benefits for mild anxiety and some skin o...
Read the full German Chamomile monograph → Herb & supplement monographClary Sage
Clary sage is a Mediterranean herb most often used as an essential oil for aromatherapy and to ease stress or menstrual discomfort. Evidence for these uses is limited and mostly from small s...
Read the full Clary Sage monograph → Herb & supplement monographCypress
Interacts with 122 drugsCypress comes from the Mediterranean cypress tree and is most often used as an essential oil in aromatherapy or skin care, and traditionally for circulation and respiratory complaints. High-...
Read the full Cypress monograph → Herb & supplement monographDill
Interacts with 87 drugsDill is a common culinary herb that has long been used in traditional medicine for digestive complaints, but solid human evidence for any medicinal use is limited. It is generally considered...
Read the full Dill monograph → Herb & supplement monographElemi
Elemi is a fragrant tree resin from the Philippines, used mainly as an essential oil in aromatherapy and topical skin and balm products. Solid human evidence for any health benefit is lackin...
Read the full Elemi monograph → Herb & supplement monographFir
Fir refers to several evergreen trees whose needles, resin, and essential oil are used traditionally for respiratory comfort, sore muscles, and aromatherapy. Solid human evidence for these u...
Read the full Fir monograph → Herb & supplement monographBoswellia Serrata
Interacts with 952 drugsBoswellia serrata is a tree resin used in traditional medicine, mainly for joint pain and inflammation. Some studies suggest it may help with osteoarthritis symptoms, but the overall evidenc...
Read the full Boswellia Serrata monograph → Herb & supplement monographGalbanum
Interacts with 86 drugsGalbanum is an aromatic gum resin from a Ferula plant, used mostly in perfumes, incense, and traditional remedies. There is very little solid human research to support any medical use, so it...
Read the full Galbanum monograph → Herb & supplement monographJuniper
Interacts with 162 drugsJuniper berry is a traditional herb best known for flavoring gin and for its folk use as a diuretic and digestive aid. Solid human evidence for its health benefits is limited, and it can irr...
Read the full Juniper monograph → Herb & supplement monographLavender
Interacts with 248 drugsLavender is a fragrant herb most popular for promoting relaxation, easing anxiety, and supporting sleep, with some encouraging evidence for a standardized oral lavender oil product for anxie...
Read the full Lavender monograph → Herb & supplement monographMarjoram
Interacts with 338 drugsMarjoram is a Mediterranean kitchen herb related to oregano that is widely used in food and traditional medicine for digestive, sleep, and respiratory complaints. Most of its health claims r...
Read the full Marjoram monograph → Herb & supplement monographMyrrh
Interacts with 88 drugsMyrrh is a fragrant gum resin from Commiphora trees that has long been used in mouthwashes, throat remedies, and skin care. Modern evidence for most of its uses is limited and comes mostly f...
Read the full Myrrh monograph → Herb & supplement monographNutmeg
Interacts with 528 drugsNutmeg is a popular cooking spice that has long been used in traditional medicine for digestion and other complaints, but there is little solid human research to support its medicinal use. I...
Read the full Nutmeg monograph → Herb & supplement monographBlack Pepper
Interacts with 1,019 drugsBlack pepper is a common kitchen spice that is generally safe in the amounts used in food. Its extract, piperine, is mostly added to supplements to help the body absorb other ingredients (li...
Read the full Black Pepper monograph → Herb & supplement monographRosemary
Interacts with 372 drugsRosemary is a fragrant Mediterranean herb that is safe and flavorful in normal food amounts. Some early research suggests possible benefits for memory, mood, and hair growth, but the evidenc...
Read the full Rosemary monograph → Herb & supplement monographSage
Interacts with 1,296 drugsSage is a common kitchen herb that is generally safe in food amounts and is traditionally used for sore throats, digestion, sweating, and memory. Some early research is encouraging for sore...
Read the full Sage monograph → Herb & supplement monographSpearmint
Interacts with 579 drugsSpearmint is a common culinary mint that is generally safe in food and tea amounts. Early research suggests possible benefits for digestion, mild hormone-related issues (such as excess facia...
Read the full Spearmint monograph → Herb & supplement monographTarragon
Interacts with 359 drugsTarragon is a flavorful culinary herb that has been used in traditional medicine for digestion, sleep, and other complaints, but solid human evidence for any health benefit is lacking. Amoun...
Read the full Tarragon monograph → Herb & supplement monographVetiver
Vetiver is a fragrant grass whose roots produce an essential oil widely used in perfumes and aromatherapy for relaxation. Human evidence for any health benefit is very limited, so it is best...
Read the full Vetiver monograph →Sources & How We Checked
intraMAX 2.0 Peach Mango Flavor's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 4,391 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Glutamine 11 references
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- Laviano A, Molfino A, Lacaria MT, Canelli A, De Leo S, Preziosa I, Rossi Fanelli F. Glutamine supplementation favors weight loss in nondieting obese female patients. A pilot study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Nov;68(11):1264-6. PubMed
- Endari (l-glutamine) [package insert]. Torrance, CA: Emmaus Medical,Inc; 2017.
- Niihara Y, Miller ST, Kanter J, et al. A Phase 3 Trial of l-Glutamine in Sickle Cell Disease. N Engl J Med 2018;379(3):226-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1715971.
- Ogden HB, Child RB, Fallowfield JL, et al. Gastrointestinal Tolerance of Low, Medium and High Dose Acute Oral l-Glutamine Supplementation in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):2953. PubMed
Citric Acid 10 references
- Kurtzweil P. Alpha-hydroxy acids for skin care: Smooth sailing or rough seas? FDA 1999. Available at: /www.fda.gov/fdac/features/1998/298_ahas.html (Accessed 18 August 2000). DOI
- Erbagci Z, Akcali C. Biweekly serial glycolic acid peels vs. long-term daily use of topical low-strength glycolic acid in the treatment of atrophic acne scars. Int J Dermatol 2000;39:789-94.. PubMed
- Ghadishah D, Gorchynski J. Airway compromise after routine alpha-hydroxy facial peel administration. J Emerg Med 2002;22:353-5.. PubMed
- Baumann LS, Oresajo C, Yatskayer M, Dahl A, Figueras K. Comparison of clindamycin 1% and benzoyl peroxide 5% gel to a novel composition containing salicylic acid, capryloyl salicylic acid, HEPES, glycolic acid, citric acid, and dioic acid in the treatment
- Emtestam L, Svensson Å, Rensfeldt K. Treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp with a topical solution of urea, lactic acid, and propylene glycol (K301): results of two double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled studies. Mycoses. 2012 Sep;55(5):3 PubMed
- Kaminaka C, Uede M, Matsunaka H, Furukawa F, Yamomoto Y. Clinical evaluation of glycolic acid chemical peeling in patients with acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, split-face comparative study. Dermatol Surg. 2014 Mar;40(3):314- PubMed
- Köse O, Özmen I, Arca E. An open, comparative study of 10% potassium hydroxide solution versus salicylic and lactic acid combination in the treatment of molluscum contagiosum in children. J Dermatolog Treat. 2013 Aug;24(4):300-4. PubMed
- Vachiramon V, Sahawatwong S, Sirithanabadeekul P. Treatment of melasma in men with low-fluence Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser versus combined laser and glycolic acid peeling. Dermatol Surg. 2015 Apr;41(4):457-65. PubMed
- US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Cosmetic Ingredients: Alpha Hydroxy Acids. August 2020. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/alpha-hydroxy-acids. Accessed on October 19, 2021.
- Ormerod AD, van Voorst Vader PC, Majewski S, Vanscheidt W, Benjamin N, van der Meijden W. Evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of 3 dose regimens of topical sodium nitrite with citric acid in patients with anogenital warts: A randomized cl DOI
Glycine 5 references
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- Potkin SG, Jin Y, Bunney BG, Costa J, Gulasekaram B. Effect of clozapine and adjunctive high-dose glycine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:145-7.. PubMed
- Gusev EI, Skvortsova VI, Dambinova SA, et al. Neuroprotective effects of glycine for therapy of acute ischaemic stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 2000;10:49-60. PubMed
- Inagawa K, Kawai N, Ono K, Sukegawa E, Tsubuku S, Takahashi M. Assessment of acute adverse effects of glycine ingestion at a high dose in human volunteers. Seikatsu Eisei. 2006; 50:27-32.
- Woods SW, Walsh BC, Hawkins KA, Miller TJ, Saksa JR, D'Souza DC, Pearlson GD, Javitt DC, McGlashan TH, Krystal JH. Glycine treatment of the risk syndrome for psychosis: report of two pilot studies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013 Aug;23(8):931-40. PubMed
L-arginine 66 references
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- Clarkson P, Adams MR, Powe AJ, et al. Oral L-arginine improves endothelium-dependent dilation in hypercholesterolemic young adults. J Clin Invest 1996;97:1989-94. PubMed
- Tenenbaum A, Fisman EZ, Motro M. L-arginine: Rediscovery in progress. Cardiology 1998;90:153-9.
- Brittenden J, Park KGM, Heys SD, et al. L-Arginine stimulates host defenses in patients with breast cancer. Surgery 1994;115:205-12.
- Korting GE, Smith SD, Wheeler MA, et al. A randomized double-blind trial of oral L-arginine for treatment of interstitial cystitis. J Urol 1999;161:558-65. DOI
- Rector TS, Bank AJ, Mullen KA, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of supplemental oral L-arginine in patients with heart failure. Circulation 1996;93:2135-41.
- Siani A, Pagano E, Iacone R, et al. Blood pressure and metabolic changes during dietary L-arginine supplementation in humans. Am J Hypertens 2000;13:547-51. PubMed
- Cheng JW, Balwin SN. L-arginine in the management of cardiovascular diseases. Ann Pharmacother 2001;35:755-64. PubMed
- Wallace AW, Tom WL. Interaction of L-arginine and phosphodiesterase inhibitors in vasodilation of the porcine internal mammary artery. Anesth Analg 2000;90:840-6. DOI
- Huynh NT, Tayek JA. Oral arginine reduces systemic blood pressure in type 2 diabetes: its potential role in nitric oxide generation. J Am Coll Nutr 2002;21:422-7.. PubMed
- Staff AC, Berge L, Haugen G, et al. Dietary supplementation with L-arginine or placebo in women with pre-eclampsia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2004;83:103-7.
- Resnick DJ, Softness B, Murphy AR, et al. Case report of an anaphylactoid reaction to arginine. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;88:67-8. PubMed
- Anon. Arginine hydrochloride injection (marketed as R-Gene 10). FDA Drug Safety Newsletter 2009;2(2):16-18. Available at: www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/DrugSafetyNewsletter/default.htm.
- Higashi Y, Oshima T, Sasaki S, et. al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, but not calcium antagonism, improves a response of the renal vasculature to L-arginine in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension. 1998 Jul;32(1):16-24.
- Facchinetti, F., Longo, M., Piccinini, F., Neri, I., and Volpe, A. L-arginine infusion reduces blood pressure in preeclamptic women through nitric oxide release. J Soc Gynecol.Investig. 1999;6(4):202-207. DOI
- de Gouw, H. W., Verbruggen, M. B., Twiss, I. M., and Sterk, P. J. Effect of oral L-arginine on airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine in asthma. Thorax 1999;54(11):1033-1035. PubMed
- Komers, R., Komersova, K., Kazdova, L., Ruzickova, J., and Pelikanova, T. Effect of ACE inhibition and angiotensin AT1 receptor blockade on renal and blood pressure response to L-arginine in humans. J Hypertens. 2000;18(1):51-59. PubMed
- Cartledge, J. J., Davies, A. M., and Eardley, I. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial of the efficacy of L-arginine in the treatment of interstitial cystitis. BJU.Int. 2000;85(4):421-426.
- Sozykin, A. V., Noeva, E. A., Balakhonova, T. V., Pogorelova, O. A., and Men'shikov, M. I. [Effect of L-arginine on platelet aggregation, endothelial function adn exercise tolerance in patients with stable angina pectoris]. Ter.Arkh. 2000;72(8):24-27.
- Nagaya, N., Uematsu, M., Oya, H., Sato, N., Sakamaki, F., Kyotani, S., Ueno, K., Nakanishi, N., Yamagishi, M., and Miyatake, K. Short-term oral administration of L-arginine improves hemodynamics and exercise capacity in patients with precapillary pulmona
- Stokes, G. S., Barin, E. S., Gilfillan, K. L., and Kaesemeyer, W. H. Interactions of L-arginine, isosorbide mononitrate, and angiotensin II inhibitors on arterial pulse wave. Am J Hypertens. 2003;16(9 Pt 1):719-724.
- Park, K. G., Heys, S. D., Blessing, K., Kelly, P., McNurlan, M. A., Eremin, O., and Garlick, P. J. Stimulation of human breast cancers by dietary L-arginine. Clin.Sci.(Lond) 1992;82(4):413-417.
- Palloshi, A., Fragasso, G., Piatti, P., Monti, L. D., Setola, E., Valsecchi, G., Galluccio, E., Chierchia, S. L., and Margonato, A. Effect of oral L-arginine on blood pressure and symptoms and endothelial function in patients with systemic hypertension,
- Schlaich, M. P., Ahlers, B. A., Parnell, M. M., and Kaye, D. M. beta-Adrenoceptor-mediated, nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilatation is abnormal in early hypertension: restoration by L-arginine. J Hypertens. 2004;22(10):1917-1925. PubMed
- Neri, I., Blasi, I., and Facchinetti, F. Effects of acute L-arginine infusion on non-stress test in hypertensive pregnant women. J Matern.Fetal Neonatal Med. 2004;16(1):23-26. PubMed
- Rytlewski, K., Olszanecki, R., Korbut, R., and Zdebski, Z. Effects of prolonged oral supplementation with l-arginine on blood pressure and nitric oxide synthesis in preeclampsia. Eur.J Clin.Invest 2005;35(1):32-37.
- Mansoor, J. K., Morrissey, B. M., Walby, W. F., Yoneda, K. Y., Juarez, M., Kajekar, R., Severinghaus, J. W., Eldridge, M. W., and Schelegle, E. S. L-arginine supplementation enhances exhaled NO, breath condensate VEGF, and headache at 4,342 m. High Alt.M
- Neri, I., Jasonni, V. M., Gori, G. F., Blasi, I., and Facchinetti, F. Effect of L-arginine on blood pressure in pregnancy-induced hypertension: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Matern.Fetal Neonatal Med. 2006;19(5):277-281.
- Lucotti, P., Setola, E., Monti, L. D., Galluccio, E., Costa, S., Sandoli, E. P., Fermo, I., Rabaiotti, G., Gatti, R., and Piatti, P. Beneficial effects of a long-term oral L-arginine treatment added to a hypocaloric diet and exercise training program in
- Savoye, G., Jemaa, Y., Mosni, G., Savoye-Collet, C., Morcamp, P., Dechelotte, P., Bouin, M., Denis, P., and Ducrotte, P. Effects of intragastric L-arginine administration on proximal stomach tone under basal conditions and after an intragastric diet. Dig PubMed
- Facchinetti, F., Saade, G. R., Neri, I., Pizzi, C., Longo, M., and Volpe, A. L-arginine supplementation in patients with gestational hypertension: a pilot study. Hypertens.Pregnancy. 2007;26(1):121-130. PubMed
- Jovanovic, A., Gerrard, J., and Taylor, R. The second-meal phenomenon in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009;32(7):1199-1201. PubMed
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- Doutreleau, S., Rouyer, O., Di, Marco P., Lonsdorfer, E., Richard, R., Piquard, F., and Geny, B. L-arginine supplementation improves exercise capacity after a heart transplant. Am J Clin.Nutr. 2010;91(5):1261-1267. PubMed
- Ast, J., Jablecka, A., Bogdanski, P., Smolarek, I., Krauss, H., and Chmara, E. Evaluation of the antihypertensive effect of L-arginine supplementation in patients with mild hypertension assessed with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Med.Sci.Monit. 2
- Saleh, A. I., Abdel Maksoud, S. M., El-Maraghy, S. A., and Gad, M. Z. Protective effect of L-arginine in experimentally induced myocardial ischemia: comparison with aspirin. J Cardiovasc.Pharmacol.Ther 2011;16(1):53-62. PubMed
- Dong, J. Y., Qin, L. Q., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Y., Wang, J., Arigoni, F., and Zhang, W. Effect of oral L-arginine supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Am.Heart J 2011;162(6):959-965. PubMed
- Hertz, P. and Richardson, J. A. Arginine-induced hyperkalemia in renal failure patients. Arch.Intern.Med. 1972;130(5):778-780. DOI
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- Adams, M. R., Forsyth, C. J., Jessup, W., Robinson, J., and Celermajer, D. S. Oral L-arginine inhibits platelet aggregation but does not enhance endothelium-dependent dilation in healthy young men. J Am Coll.Cardiol 1995;26(4):1054-1061. PubMed
- Dell'Omo, G., Catapano, G., Ebel, M., Gazzano, A., Ducci, M., Del, Chicca M., Clerico, A., and Pedrinelli, R. [Pressor, renal and endocrine effects of systemic infusion of L-arginine in hypertensive patients]. Ann.Ital Med.Int. 1995;10(2):107-112.
- Higashi, Y., Oshima, T., Ozono, R., Watanabe, M., Matsuura, H., and Kajiyama, G. Effects of L-arginine infusion on renal hemodynamics in patients with mild essential hypertension. Hypertension 1995;25(4 Pt 2):898-902.
- Bode-Boger, S. M., Boger, R. H., Creutzig, A., Tsikas, D., Gutzki, F. M., Alexander, K., and Frolich, J. C. L-arginine infusion decreases peripheral arterial resistance and inhibits platelet aggregation in healthy subjects. Clin.Sci.(Lond) 1994;87(3):303
- Marfella, R., Acampora, R., Verrazzo, G., Ziccardi, P., De, Rosa N., Giunta, R., and Giugliano, D. Metformin improves hemodynamic and rheological responses to L-arginine in NIDDM patients. Diabetes Care 1996;19(9):934-939. PubMed
- Giugliano, D., Marfella, R., Verrazzo, G., Acampora, R., Coppola, L., Cozzolino, D., and D'Onofrio, F. The vascular effects of L-Arginine in humans. The role of endogenous insulin. J Clin.Invest 2-1-1997;99(3):433-438. PubMed
- Khan, F., Litchfield, S. J., McLaren, M., Veale, D. J., Littleford, R. C., and Belch, J. J. Oral L-arginine supplementation and cutaneous vascular responses in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40(2):352-357.
- Wolf, A., Zalpour, C., Theilmeier, G., Wang, B. Y., Ma, A., Anderson, B., Tsao, P. S., and Cooke, J. P. Dietary L-arginine supplementation normalizes platelet aggregation in hypercholesterolemic humans. J Am Coll.Cardiol 3-1-1997;29(3):479-485. PubMed
- Schellong, S. M., Boger, R. H., Burchert, W., Bode-Boger, S. M., Galland, A., Frolich, J. C., Hundeshagen, H., and Alexander, K. Dose-related effect of intravenous L-arginine on muscular blood flow of the calf in patients with peripheral vascular disease
- Marietta, M., Facchinetti, F., Neri, I., Piccinini, F., Volpe, A., and Torelli, G. L-arginine infusion decreases platelet aggregation through an intraplatelet nitric oxide release. Thromb.Res 10-15-1997;88(2):229-235. PubMed
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- El Taieb M, Hegazy E, Ibrahim A. Daily oral l-arginine plus tadalafil in diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction: A double-blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Sex Med. 2019;16(9):1390-1397.
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- Abu El-Hamd M, Hegazy EM. Comparison of the clinical efficacy of daily use of L-arginine, tadalafil and combined L-arginine with tadalafil in the treatment of elderly patients with erectile dysfunction. Andrologia. 2020;52(7):e13640. PubMed
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Alpha-alanine 2 references
Riboflavin 5 references
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Biotin 4 references
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Creatine 86 references
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See these in context on the Fructo-oligosaccharides (fos) monograph →
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See these in context on the N-acetyl Cysteine (nac) monograph →
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See these in context on the Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba) monograph →
Selenium 36 references
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See these in context on the Larch Arabinogalactan monograph →
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