Herb & supplement monograph

Bacopa Drug Interactions, Uses, Effectiveness, Safety & More

Medically reviewed by ·Updated July 2026
What is this page for?

First and foremost: how Bacopa interacts with medications. The heart of this page is the interaction list — every drug Bacopa is known to interact with, and how serious each one is.

But these pages have grown well beyond that into a full monograph — what Bacopa is, what people use it for and how strong the evidence is, its safety and side effects, and answers to the questions we’re asked most — written and reviewed by the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases, not medical advice, and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

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Bacopa Drug Interactions: The Bottom Line

From the HelloPharmacist Editorial Team · Updated July 2026

Based on the available evidence, the overall risk of a clinically significant Bacopa drug interaction appears low for most people. None of the listed interactions are rated major, and nearly all rest on lab or animal research rather than confirmed effects in people.

Interactions deserving the most attention

The concern with the most human backing involves cevimeline, a dry-mouth medication: one person developed sweating, nausea, and a rapid heartbeat after adding bacopa, possibly because bacopa slows how the body clears this drug. Bacopa may also raise levels of acetylcholine, a nerve-signaling chemical, so it could blunt anticholinergic drugs or add to the effects of cholinergic drugs, though this is theoretical. Animal research also hints bacopa could add to thyroid hormone effects, a minor and unproven concern.

What the rest of the list means

The long list of interacting medications comes mostly from lab studies suggesting bacopa might affect enzymes the body uses to clear many drugs. That research is conflicting, and some of it suggests any effect is too small to matter. A medication appearing on the list does not mean the combination has been shown to cause harm in people.

Check your medications against Bacopa

Based on HelloPharmacist’s Bacopa interaction data and reviewed under our editorial standards.

Interaction report

Drugs that interact with Bacopa

930 medications have a known interaction with Bacopa, graded by severity. Select any drug for the full evidence-based detail.

2,830 drugs
Ado-trastuzumab EmtansineKadcyla
Moderate Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interaction Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine drug page: uses, dosage & side effects
AbemaciclibVerzenio
Moderate Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Abemaciclib interaction Abemaciclib drug page: uses, dosage & side effects
Abiraterone
Moderate Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Abiraterone interaction Abiraterone drug page: uses, dosage & side effects
Abiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
Moderate Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Abiraterone Acetate interaction Abiraterone Acetate drug page: uses, dosage & side effects
AbrocitinibCibinqo
Moderate Cytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C9 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Abrocitinib interaction Abrocitinib drug page: uses, dosage & side effects
AcalabrutinibCalquence
Moderate Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Acalabrutinib interaction Acalabrutinib drug page: uses, dosage & side effects
AcepromazineAtravet
Moderate Anticholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, concurrent use might decrease the effectiveness of both agents.

Read the full Bacopa + Acepromazine interaction
AcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
Moderate Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP1A2 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen interaction Acetaminophen drug page: uses, dosage & side effects
Acetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
Moderate Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP1A2 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interaction
Acetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
Moderate Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP1A2 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interaction
Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
Moderate Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP1A2 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interaction
Acetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
Moderate Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP1A2 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interaction
Acetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
Moderate Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP1A2 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interaction Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine drug page: uses, dosage & side effects
Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
Moderate Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interaction
Acetaminophen, Butalbital, CodeineBancap w/ Codeine
Moderate Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP1A2 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interaction
Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine PhosphatePhrenilin #3
Moderate Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP1A2 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interaction
Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
Moderate Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP1A2 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interaction
Acetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
Moderate Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interaction
Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, SalicylamideCodalan No.1, Codalan No.2, Codalan No.3
Moderate Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP1A2 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interaction
Acetaminophen, Caffeine, DihydrocodeineDHC Plus, Panlor DC, Panlor SS
Moderate Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interaction
Acetaminophen, Caffeine, IsomethepteneMigralam
Moderate Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP1A2 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interaction
Acetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
Moderate Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interaction
Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan HbrVicks Formula 44M Cough, Cold & Flu Relief
Moderate Anticholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, concurrent use might decrease the effectiveness of both agents.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interaction
Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, PhenylephrineColrex
Moderate Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP1A2 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interaction
Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, DextromethorphanCoricidin II Extra Strength Cold and Flu
Moderate Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP1A2 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interaction
Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan HydrobromideCoricidin HBP Maximum Strength Flu
Moderate Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interaction
Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PhenylpropanolamineMulti Symptom Cold Relief
Moderate Anticholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, concurrent use might decrease the effectiveness of both agents.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interaction
Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PseudoephedrineChildren's Tylenol Cold Plus Cough, Tylenol Cold Ex Strength
Moderate Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interaction
Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, SalicylamideRhinogesic GG
Moderate Anticholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, concurrent use might decrease the effectiveness of both agents.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interaction
Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, PhenylephrineAlka-Seltzer PLUS, Histex SR, Protid
Moderate Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP1A2 substrates.

Read the full Bacopa + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interaction
Read The List Like a Pharmacist

What Severity, Likelihood & Evidence Mean

Severity — How Serious It Can Be

  • Major. Clinically significant; generally best avoided, or used only under direct professional supervision.
  • Moderate. May need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separating the times you take each one.
  • Minor. Generally not clinically significant, but still worth noting and mentioning to your pharmacist.
  • No known interaction. Checked against our sources with nothing documented — not the same as proven safety.

Likelihood — How Well It’s Documented

  • Likely. Well-controlled human studies have demonstrated the likely existence of this interaction
  • Probable. Interaction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
  • Possible. Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists
  • Unlikely. Interaction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans.

Where This Data Comes From

  • Interaction records are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database (TRC Healthcare), the same reference used by pharmacists and hospitals.
  • Each drug listed above links to the full report for that exact Bacopa combination — clinical detail, likelihood, evidence level, and citations.
  • Content is reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists — see our data sources and editorial standards.
The big picture

The kinds of drugs Bacopa affects

Every type of medication (drug category) Bacopa is known to interact with. Open any category for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

All 8 drug categories Bacopa interacts with
Anticholinergic DrugsCevimeline (evoxac)Cholinergic DrugsCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) SubstratesCytochrome P450 2c19 (cyp2c19) SubstratesCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) SubstratesCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) SubstratesThyroid Hormone
Anticholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, concurrent use might decrease the effectiveness of both agents.
Bacopa seems to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels, which could counteract the effects of anticholinergic drugs. Similarly, anticholinergic drugs might counteract the cholinergic effects of bacopa.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cevimeline (Evoxac)

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the effects and adverse effects of cevimeline.
In one case, a 58-year-old female taking cevimeline long-term for Sjogren syndrome experienced hyperhidrosis, malaise, nausea, and tachycardia shortly after taking a single dose of bacopa. Symptoms resolved after two days. Cevimeline is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and CYP3A4, and researchers theorize that bacopa may have inhibited these isoenzymes. However, it is unclear if bacopa causes clinically significant inhibition of either CYP2D6 or CYP3A4.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, concurrent use of bacopa with other cholinergic drugs might have additive effects.
Bacopa seems to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels. Theoretically, this could result in additive cholinergic effects when used with cholinergic drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Research on the effects of bacopa extracts on CYP1A2 enzymes is conflicting. Some in vitro evidence shows that bacopa extract can moderately and non-competitively inhibit CYP1A2, while other in vitro evidence suggests that any effect is unlikely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro evidence suggests that bacopa extract can moderately and non-competitively inhibit CYP2C19 enzymes. It is not known whether this is clinically significant.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
Research on the effect of bacopa extracts on CYP2C9 enzymes is conflicting. Some in vitro evidence suggests that bacopa extract can moderately and non-competitively inhibit CYP2C9, while other in vitro evidence suggests that any effect is unlikely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Research on the effects of bacopa extracts on CYP3A4 enzymes is conflicting. Some in vitro evidence suggests that bacopa extract can moderately and competitively inhibit CYP3A4, while other in vitro evidence suggests that any effect is unlikely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, bacopa might have additive effects when used with thyroid hormone.
Animal research suggests that bacopa increases thyroxine (T4) levels in mice by about 40%.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Monograph

Bacopa: Uses, Safety & Side Effects

Medically reviewed by · Reviewed July 2026 ·
The bottom line

Bacopa is an Ayurvedic herb most often used for memory and thinking. Some small studies suggest it may modestly help memory when taken regularly for several weeks, but the evidence is limited and quality varies. It is generally well tolerated but can cause stomach upset, and it should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to a lack of safety data.

Bacopa
Scientific name
Bacopa monnieri
Family
Plantaginaceae
Part used
Whole plant (mainly leaves and stems)
Common forms
Capsules, tablets, powder, liquid extracts, and standardized extracts (often standardized to bacosides)
People commonly use it for
  • Memory and cognitive support
  • Anxiety and stress
  • ADHD symptoms
  • Age-related memory decline
  • General brain health

Popular and traditional uses — not proof it works. See “Uses & effectiveness” below for the evidence.

Safety at a glance
OverallUse caution

Generally well tolerated in studies, but quality and long-term safety data are limited.

PregnancyInsufficient reliable information

Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.

Read the full pregnancy detail
BreastfeedingInsufficient reliable information

Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.

Read the full breastfeeding detail

Pregnancy & breastfeeding ratings are from Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center). Safety guidance is general; always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor for your situation.

Jump to a section

Overview

Bacopa (Bacopa monnieri) is a small, creeping perennial herb that grows in wet, marshy areas. It is native to India and other parts of Southeast Asia and produces tiny white or pale blue flowers. In traditional Ayurvedic medicine it is often called "Brahmi," a name also used for some other herbs, which can cause confusion.

For centuries, bacopa has been used in Ayurveda as a "brain tonic" to support memory, learning, and a sense of calm. Today it is sold as a dietary supplement, usually in capsules, tablets, or liquid extracts. Many products are standardized to contain a certain amount of active compounds called bacosides.

How it works

The main active compounds in bacopa are believed to be bacosides. In laboratory and animal studies, these compounds appear to have antioxidant effects and may help protect brain cells from damage. Researchers think bacopa may also influence chemical messengers in the brain involved in memory, such as acetylcholine.

Some research suggests bacopa may support the growth and repair of nerve endings, which could in theory help with learning and memory. It is important to know that most of this information comes from lab and animal research. We do not fully understand how bacopa works in people, and these proposed mechanisms do not prove it is effective.

Effectiveness

Does Bacopa work?

Here’s what the research actually shows for each use — graded by Natural Medicines and reviewed by .

Evidence overview · 14 uses evaluated
14 Insufficient evidence
How to read these evidence grades

Natural Medicines’ 7-point scale. We show each rating’s label word-for-word.

1EffectiveStrong, consistent evidence it works.
2Likely EffectiveGood evidence, though not yet conclusive.
3Possibly EffectiveSome evidence suggests a benefit.
4Possibly IneffectiveSome evidence it may not help.
5Likely IneffectiveFairly strong evidence it doesn’t help.
6IneffectiveStrong evidence it doesn’t work.
7Insufficient Reliable Evidence to RateToo little research to say either way.

For Bacopa, current evidence isn’t strong enough to rate any specific use. The conditions it has been studied for are listed below.

Also studied for 14 conditions — evidence insufficient to rate
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Alzheimer disease
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral bacopa is beneficial in patients with Alzheimer disease.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral bacopa is beneficial in children with ADHD.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Back pain
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there is interest in using oral bacopa for back pain, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of bacopa for this condition.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Cognitive function
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Bacopa seems to improve some measures of cognitive function, but data are conflicting.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Cognitive impairment
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral bacopa is beneficial in patients with cognitive impairment.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there is interest in using oral bacopa for CHF, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of bacopa for this condition.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Depression
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral bacopa is beneficial in patients with depression.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Hypertension
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there is interest in using oral bacopa for hypertension, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of bacopa for this condition.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Insomnia
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there is interest in using oral bacopa for insomnia, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of bacopa for this condition.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Bacopa has only been evaluated in combination with other ingredients; its effect when used alone is unclear.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Parkinson disease
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral bacopa is beneficial in patients with Parkinson disease.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there is interest in using oral bacopa for RA, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of bacopa for this condition.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Sexual dysfunction
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there is interest in using oral bacopa for sexual dysfunction, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of bacopa for this condition.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Smoking cessation
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Oral bacopa has only been evaluated in combination with other ingredients; its effect when used alone is unclear.

Source & disclaimer. Effectiveness ratings and evidence summaries are provided by Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) and shown as licensed. Where Natural Medicines hasn’t rated a use, HelloPharmacist’s pharmacists may add their own reviewed rating and evidence (each such entry is labeled). This is educational information, not medical advice — talk with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or changing a supplement.

Safety & precautions

Bacopa is generally well tolerated when used short-term in studies, but its long-term safety is not well studied. Quality and purity can vary between products, and some supplements have been found to contain contaminants, so choose products from reputable brands that use third-party testing when possible.

People with a slow heart rate, gastrointestinal conditions, ulcers, lung conditions like asthma, or thyroid problems should be cautious and check with a healthcare provider first, since bacopa may affect these conditions. Anyone scheduled for surgery should also speak with their doctor.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding: There is not enough reliable information about the safety of bacopa during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. To be safe, it is best to avoid it during these times.

Always talk with your pharmacist or doctor before starting bacopa, especially if you take prescription medications or have a chronic health condition.

Side effects

The most commonly reported side effects involve the stomach and digestive system, such as nausea, stomach cramps, bloating, increased bowel movements, and diarrhea. Taking bacopa with food may help reduce these effects.

Other reported effects include dry mouth, tiredness, and fatigue. Serious side effects are not commonly reported in studies, but because long-term and large-scale safety data are limited, it is wise to stop taking it and contact a healthcare provider if you notice any unusual or troubling symptoms.

Bacopa: Reported Adverse Effects

Documented safety reports on Bacopa from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database, shown word-for-word from the licensed record.

Orally, bacopa is generally well tolerated.

Most Common Adverse Effects:

Orally: Abdominal cramps, diarrhea, dry mouth, headache, nausea.

Reports by condition
Cluster headache Neurologic/CNS

Orally, bacopa has been reported to cause drowsiness, headache, insomnia, and vivid dreams.

  1. Stough C, Lloyd J, Clarke J, et al. The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjects. Psychopharmacology 2001;156:481-4..
  2. Yadav SK, Jain AK, Tripathi SN, Gupta JP. Irritable bowel syndrome: therapeutic evaluation of indigenous drugs. Indian J Med Res 1989;90:496-503..
  3. Morgan A, Stevens J. Does Bacopa monnieri improve memory performance in older persons? Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. J Altern Complement Med 2010;16:753-9.
  4. Prabhakar S, Vishnu VY, Modi M, et al. Efficacy of Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) and donepezil in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a randomized double-blind parallel phase 2b study. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2020;23(6):767-73.
Diarrhea Gastrointestinal

Orally, bacopa has been reported to cause abdominal cramps, abdominal pain, bloating, decreased appetite, diarrhea, dry mouth, excessive thirst, flatulence, indigestion, nausea, and increased stool frequency. Rates of adverse gastrointestinal events have ranged from 12% to 30%.

  1. Stough C, Lloyd J, Clarke J, et al. The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjects. Psychopharmacology 2001;156:481-4..
  2. Morgan A, Stevens J. Does Bacopa monnieri improve memory performance in older persons? Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. J Altern Complement Med 2010;16:753-9.
  3. Mukherjee, G. D. and Dey, C. D. Clinical trial on Brahmi. I. J.Exp.Med.Sci. 1966;10(1):5-11.
  4. Kongkeaw C, Dilokthornsakul P, Thanarangsarit P, et al. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on cognitive effects of Bacopa monnieri extract. J Ethnopharmacol 2014;151(1):528-35.
  5. Prabhakar S, Vishnu VY, Modi M, et al. Efficacy of Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) and donepezil in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a randomized double-blind parallel phase 2b study. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2020;23(6):767-73.
  6. Keegan AP, Stough C, Paris D, et al. Bacopa monnieri supplementation has no effect on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels but beneficially modulates nuclear factor kappa B and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein levels in healthy elderl
Fatigue Musculoskeletal

Orally, bacopa has been reported to cause arthralgia, muscle fatigue, and myopathy. In one case, a 21-year-old male experienced progressive proximal weakness, muscle atrophy, weight loss, dark urine, and elevated serum markers of myopathy, with muscle biopsy showing immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy, after taking a supplement containing bacopa for 5 years.

  1. Stough C, Lloyd J, Clarke J, et al. The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjects. Psychopharmacology 2001;156:481-4..
  2. Prabhakar S, Vishnu VY, Modi M, et al. Efficacy of Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) and donepezil in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a randomized double-blind parallel phase 2b study. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2020;23(6):767-73.
  3. Yaworski AM, Blyumin M, Chang T, Mammen AL, Greene M. Necrotizing myopathy with elevated anti-HMGCR antibodies following exposure to the supplement Bacopa. Muscle Nerve 2023;67(2):E1-E3.
Fatigue Other

Orally, bacopa has been reported to cause flu like symptoms and fatigue.

  1. Stough C, Lloyd J, Clarke J, et al. The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjects. Psychopharmacology 2001;156:481-4..
  2. Kongkeaw C, Dilokthornsakul P, Thanarangsarit P, et al. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on cognitive effects of Bacopa monnieri extract. J Ethnopharmacol 2014;151(1):528-35.
  3. Keegan AP, Stough C, Paris D, et al. Bacopa monnieri supplementation has no effect on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels but beneficially modulates nuclear factor kappa B and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein levels in healthy elderl
DISCLAIMER: This tool is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Patients should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions.

Adverse-effects data: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center

Dosing

There is no official, universally agreed-upon dose for bacopa. Many studies have used standardized extracts taken daily for several weeks, but the right dose can depend on the specific product and how it is standardized (often to bacosides).

The best approach is to follow the directions on the product label and not exceed the recommended amount. Because effects on memory, if any, tend to build slowly, it may take several weeks to notice a change. Check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, and they can help you decide whether a product and dose are appropriate for you.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

Bacopa & Pregnancy

Insufficient reliable information

Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.

Bacopa & Breastfeeding

Insufficient reliable information

Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.

DISCLAIMER: This tool is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Patients should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions.

© 2026 Therapeutic Research Center

Pregnancy & lactation ratings: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center

References & further reading

The 12 references that drive our Bacopa monograph and interaction data, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Citations with a link open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

  1. Stough C, Lloyd J, Clarke J, et al. The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjects. Psychopharmacology 2001;156:481-4..
  2. Yadav SK, Jain AK, Tripathi SN, Gupta JP. Irritable bowel syndrome: therapeutic evaluation of indigenous drugs. Indian J Med Res 1989;90:496-503..
  3. Morgan A, Stevens J. Does Bacopa monnieri improve memory performance in older persons? Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. J Altern Complement Med 2010;16:753-9.
  4. Kar, A., Panda, S., and Bharti, S. Relative efficacy of three medicinal plant extracts in the alteration of thyroid hormone concentrations in male mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002;81(2):281-285. PubMed
  5. Mukherjee, G. D. and Dey, C. D. Clinical trial on Brahmi. I. J.Exp.Med.Sci. 1966;10(1):5-11.
  6. Kar A, Pandit S, Mukherjee K, Bahadur S, Mukherjee PK. Safety assessment of selected medicinal food plants used in Ayurveda through CYP450 enzyme inhibition study. J Sci Food Agric 2017;97(1):333-40. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.7739. PubMed
  7. Kongkeaw C, Dilokthornsakul P, Thanarangsarit P, et al. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on cognitive effects of Bacopa monnieri extract. J Ethnopharmacol 2014;151(1):528-35. PubMed
  8. Ramasamy S, Kiew LV, Chung LY. Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 enzymes by Bacopa monnieri standardized extract and constituents. Molecules 2014;19(2):2588-601. PubMed
  9. Prabhakar S, Vishnu VY, Modi M, et al. Efficacy of Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) and donepezil in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a randomized double-blind parallel phase 2b study. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2020;23(6):767-73. PubMed
  10. Acquarulo B, Tandon P, Macica CM. Suspected cholinergic toxicity due to cevimeline hydrochloride and Bacopa monnieri interaction: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022;16(1):253. PubMed
  11. Keegan AP, Stough C, Paris D, et al. Bacopa monnieri supplementation has no effect on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels but beneficially modulates nuclear factor kappa B and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein levels in healthy elderl
  12. Yaworski AM, Blyumin M, Chang T, Mammen AL, Greene M. Necrotizing myopathy with elevated anti-HMGCR antibodies following exposure to the supplement Bacopa. Muscle Nerve 2023;67(2):E1-E3.
Keep reading

This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Brand directory

Brands that make products with Bacopa

512 brands in our database make a supplement containing Bacopa.

Product directory

Supplement products with Bacopa

1,454 products in our database contain Bacopa. Open any to see its full ingredient list and every drug interaction we check.

NeuroIGNITE by Havasu Nutrition Capsule 30 Capsule(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions NeuroOne by Patient One 1 MediNutritionals Capsule 60 Vegetarian Capsule(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions NeuroOne by Patient One MediNutritionals Capsule 60 Vegetarian Capsule(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions NeuroOne by Patient One 1 MediNutritionals Capsule 60 Vegetable Capsule(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions Nirvana by American Muscle Sports Nutrition Capsule 180 Vegetarian Capsule(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions Nootropic Brain Booster by Vimerson Health Capsule 60 Natural Capsule(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions Nootropic Brain Booster by Vimerson Health Capsule 60 Natural Capsule(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions Oceans 3 Better Brain by Garden of Life Softgel Capsule 90 Softgel(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions Oceans 3 Better Brain by Garden of Life Softgel Capsule 90 Softgel(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions Optimal Multivitamin Plus by Seeking Health Capsule 240 Vegetarian Capsule(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions Organic Bacopa by Himalaya Other (e.g. Tea Bag) 30 Caplet(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions Organic Bacopa by Himalaya Other (e.g. Tea Bag) 60 Caplet(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions Organic Bacopa Powder by Banyan Botanicals Powder Off market View ingredients & interactions OxyElite Pro by USPlabs Capsule 90 Capsule(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions OxyElite Pro Super Thermogenic by USPlabs Capsule 180 Capsule(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions PrimalJax by BodyTech Capsule 120 Capsule(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions PrimalJax by BodyTech Capsule 120 Capsule(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions PrimalJax by BodyTech Capsule 120 Capsule(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions PrimeMind Brain Health Formula by Natrogix Capsule 60 Capsule(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions Pro-Series Trig X2 Muscle Booster by Trig X2 Capsule 60 Capsule(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions Promind Complex by nutra4health Capsule 60 Capsule(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions Protandim by LifeVantage Other (e.g. Tea Bag) 30 Caplet(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions PurThermo Fat Burner by Juggernaut Nutrition Capsule 90 Capsule(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions Real Omega Brain by Get Real Nutrition Capsule 90 Organic Capsule(s) Off market View ingredients & interactions
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Bacopa: Common Questions

What is Bacopa used for, and does it work?
People use Bacopa for a range of reasons, but according to the Natural Medicines database the current clinical evidence is insufficient to confirm it works for the specific conditions it has been studied for. See the graded list on this page, and talk to your pharmacist or doctor before relying on it for any condition.
Does Bacopa interact with prescription medications?
Yes. We list 930 medications with a known interaction with Bacopa. Use the checker above to see how Bacopa interacts with a specific drug.
How are Bacopa interactions rated?
Each interaction is graded major, moderate, or minor based on how clinically significant it is and the strength of the evidence behind it. Major interactions are the most serious and are best avoided, or used only under close professional supervision.
Is it safe to take Bacopa with my medications?
It depends on the specific medication. Some combinations are fine, while others call for monitoring, timing changes, or should be avoided. Check your exact drug above and confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or changing anything.
Where does this Bacopa interaction information come from?
Our interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database — an evidence-graded reference for vitamins, herbs, and supplements — and is reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists, who may add clinical context.
What is Bacopa used for?
Bacopa is most often used as a supplement to support memory and thinking. People also take it for stress, anxiety, and ADHD symptoms, though the evidence for these uses is limited.
Does Bacopa really improve memory?
Some small studies suggest it may produce a modest improvement in certain memory tasks when taken daily for 8 to 12 weeks. The evidence is not strong, and it is not a proven treatment for memory loss or dementia.
How long does it take for Bacopa to work?
Any benefits tend to build up slowly rather than happening right away. In studies, people usually took it for several weeks (often 8 to 12) before any effects were measured.
Is Bacopa safe to take while pregnant or breastfeeding?
There is not enough reliable safety information, so it is best to avoid Bacopa during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Talk with your doctor before using any supplement during these times.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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